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17 views

032 C7S1B2

Uploaded by

Alvin Robles Yovera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CAPÍTULO VII

WAN CONCEPTS
Sesión 1: WAN Concepts
Bloque 2: WAN Concepts Parte 2

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Purpose of WANs

Evolving Networks
Network requirements of a company can change dramatically as the company
grows over time.
• A network must meet the day-to-day operational needs of business, and it must
be able to adapt and grow as a company changes.
• Network designers and administrators meet these challenges by carefully
choosing network technologies, protocols, and service providers.
• Networks can be optimized by using a variety of network design techniques
and architectures.
To illustrate differences between network size, we will use a fictitious company
called SPAN Engineering as it grows from a small, local, business into a global
enterprise.

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© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of WANs
Evolving Networks (Cont.)
Small Network
SPAN, a small fictitious company,
started with a few employees in a
small office.
• Uses a single LAN connected to
a wireless router for sharing
data and peripherals.
• Connection to the internet is
through a common broadband
service called Digital Subscriber
Line (DSL)
• IT support is contracted from the
DSL provider. www.bsginstitute.com

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of WANs

Evolving Networks (Cont.)

Campus Network
Within a few years SPAN grew and
required several floors of a building.
The company now required a Campus
Area Network (CAN).
• A firewall secures internet
access to corporate users.
• In-house IT staff to support and
maintain the network.

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Purpose of WANs

Evolving Networks (Cont.)


Branch Network
• A few years later, the company
expanded and added a branch site
in the city, and remote and regional
sites in other cities.
• The company now required a
metropolitan area network (MAN)
to interconnect sites within the city.
• To connect to the central office,
branch offices in nearby cities used
private dedicated lines through
their local service provider.
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© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of WANs
Evolving Networks (Cont.)
Distributed Network
• SPAN Engineering has now
been in business for 20 years
and has grown to thousands of
employees distributed in offices
worldwide.
• Site-to-site and remote access
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
enable the company to use the
internet to connect easily and
securely with employees and
facilities around the world.
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7.2 WAN Operation

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© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Operations

WAN Standards
Modern WAN standards are defined and managed by a number of
recognized authorities including the following:
• TIA/EIA - Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic
Industries Alliance
• ISO - International Organization for Standardization
• IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

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© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Operations

WANs in the OSI Model


Most WAN standards focus on the physical layer
and the data link layer.
Layer 1 Protocols
• Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
• Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)
• Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
Layer 2 Protocols
• Broadband (i.e., DSL and Cable)
• Wireless
• Ethernet WAN (Metro Ethernet)
• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
• Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) (less used)
• High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) (less used)
• Frame Relay (legacy) www.bsginstitute.com
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) (legacy) © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Operations

Common WAN Terminology


There are specific terms used to describe WAN
connections between the subscriber (i.e., the
company / client) and the WAN service provider.

WAN Term Description


Data Terminal Connects the subscriber LANs to the
Equipment (DTE) WAN communication device
Data Device used to communicate with
Communications the provider
Equipment (DCE)
Customer This is the DTE and DCE devices located
Premises on the enterprise edge
Equipment (CPE)
Point-of-Presence The point where the subscriber connects
(POP) to the service provider network

Demarcation Point The physical location in a building or


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complex that officially separates the
CPE from service provider equipment.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Operations
Common WAN Terminology (Cont.)
WAN Term Description
Local Loop (last mile) The copper or fiber cable that connects
the CPE to the CO of the service
provider
Central office (CO) The local service provider facility or
building that connects the CPE to the
provider network
Toll network Includes backhaul, long-haul, all-digital,
fiber-optic communications lines,
switches, routers, and other equipment
inside the WAN provider network
Backhaul network Connects multiple access nodes of the
service provider network
Backbone network Large, high-capacity networks used to
interconnect service provider networks
and to create a redundant network.
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© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
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