EFFECTIVENESS OF MARUNGKO STRATEGY IN DEVELOPING

THE READING ABILITIES OF GRADE 2 LEARNERS

An Action Research Proposal

JEANIE C. ERPELO
Teacher III
Baloling Elementary School

March 2024

I. Context and Rationale

 In the global economy and society of the 21 st century, all children
will be left behind if their education is not organized with a global context in
mind, new knowledge, interconnectivity and awareness of the outside world.
Exposing the pupils to the current trends and technology through internet
and open their eyes to the cultures of different nations, to go places and
meet different people, and appreciate their way of life, easy step to reach for
that dream would be to keep on reading.
Based upon the research and studies made by the Department of
Education as well as the conduct of Philippine Informal Reading Inventory
( Phil-Iri ) most of the pupils in elementary grades have low level of
comprehension and some could not even recognize the letters of the
alphabet. Whenever there is a failure in the academic performance of the
pupils, the teachers being the facilitator of learning, uses all means so his
pupils may learn even to the extent of spending his own money to furnish his
room with school equipment and materials necessary for his teaching needs.
This action research project will be conducted at Baloling
Elementary School, a public elementary school located at Mapandan,
Bayambang, Pangasinan with total population of ______ pupils from
Kindergarten to Grade 2 of which thirty (30) are grade 2 learners who are
focus of this study. The source of income of the families residing in this barrio
is mostly dependent on farming with 5 or more children in the family. The
only visible technology they have at home is a television with no cable or
internet connection. Visibility of reading materials like newspaper, magazines
and storybooks at home is not a part of the family’s priorities as they only
provide the essential needs like food, clothing, and shelter.
The school participated in various activities like Phil-Iri to promote
awareness in reading and had continuous trainings for teachers to adopt new
skills and strategies to be implemented in the school. The school can make
changes in pupil’s outcomes by improving the instructional quality it offers.
The school ensures that each classroom shall provide a variety of learning
materials to suit varying learning needs of the pupils. The school thru DepEd
provides in service training to teachers so they can gain knowledge of the
new trends of teaching reading and individual learning styles.
 Likewise, the results of the Functional Literacy assessment Tool in
Filipino for grade 1 to 3 revealed that in Grade 3, 27 out of 54 learners of
50.00% belong to below Sentence levels (letter, syllable, word, phrase, 6 or
11.11% at sentence level, and only 21 or 38.89% belong to higher than
sentence levels ( story, story with comprehension and comprehension).
Thus, in line with this the proponent would like to conduct a study
to enhance the reading skills of Grade 2 learners through the use of
Marungko strategy.

II. Research Questions

This study aims the effectiveness of Marungko Strategy in developing

the reading abilities of Grade 2 learners.

Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of reading abilities of Grade 2 pupils before the

intervention?

2. What is the level of reading abilities of Grade 2 pupils after the

intervention?

3. Is there significant difference on reading abilities of Grade 2 pupils

after the intervention?

PROPOSED INNOVATION/INTERVENTION/STRATEGY
 The Marungko Approach is designed to improve students’

reading skills through the use of the modern Filipino alphabet. Instead

of introducing letters arranged traditionally, letters are arranged based

on the sound of the letters. The letters are then introduced in localized

and contextualized songs and poems for the students to remember

and Marungko Approach was first introduced in a public elementary

school in Marungko, Angat, Bulacan, devised by Nooraihan Ali and

Josefina Urbano. According to Nooraihan and Urbano, the method used

is called “phono syllabic“ which is teaching of correct single sounds

and the blending of sounds into syllables and words. Note that the

mastery of letter sounds is very important in this approach.

How to use Marungko?

1.The first 5 lessons are as follows: m, s, a , i, oTeach each sound and

form until mastery before a new sound is introduced:

a) Ask a question to which the response will elicit the target sound. You

can use pictures of words beginning with m, s, a etc. depending on the

current lesson.

b) Show the target letter and tell the children to sound it again as they

look at the letter.

c) Show them how to write it. Ask them to write it, with the fingers in

the air, on their palm, on their desks, and on paper as they give the

sound. e) Mastery means they know the sound and the form of the

target letter. They can give the sound and write the symbol.
ACTION RESERCH METHODS

a. Research Design

This study will make use of Descriptive method of research. Descriptive

method functions to describe and analyze the characteristics of a subject or

phenomenon being studied. In this research, the Descriptive method will be

applied in determining the effectiveness of audio-visual materials in

developing the reading abilities of grade 3 pupils.

b. Participants and other Sources of Data and Information

The main sources of data in this study are the thirty (30) Grade 2

learners, 15 male and 15 female of Baloling Elementary School. They are

selected through total enumeration as they represent the total number of

Grade 2 learners in this school.

c. Data Gathering Methods

Pretest and posttest will be utilized to gather data from the

participants. Thus, in Phase I, a pretest will be conducted before the

intervention. Then the intervention will be implemented. In Phase II, a

posttest will then be conducted to determine improvements in the reading

abilities of the learners,

d. Ethical Standards
In the conduction of the study, permissions from the school head and
higher authorities will be sought. As the participants of the study are minors,
parental consent will be sought before the conduction of the study. Thus all
data will be treated with at most confidentiality and will be handled carefully.
Thus, no participant shall participate against their own will and volition.
e. Plan for Data Analysis

To answer research question number 1 and 2, Mean Percentage Scores (MPS)

will be utilized, while in order to determine significant differences between

the pretest and posttest t-test will be used.

V. Action Research Work Plan and Timeline

Activities First Second Third Fourth

Month Month Month Month
Pre-implementation
Phase:

1. Preparation of the
Research Proposal

2. Submission of the
Research Proposal for
approval

3. Revision (if any)

Implementation of the
Research Proposal
Implementation Phase:
Administration of pretest,
intervention and posttest
Post-Implementation
Phase: Analysis of Data.
Preparation and submission
of final Paper

VI. Plans for Dissemination and Utilization

 The results of the study will be shared to the teachers of Bascos-

Manambong Parte Elementary School through LAC sessions. Furthermore, the

results of the study will be published in local newspapers in Pangasinan.

References

Bryan,W. (2022). Successful African American Students: The role of parental

involvement, Journal of Negro Education, 68 (1), 5-22.
Walkers, B.M. (1998). Meetings without communication: A Study of audio-
video materials’ evenings in secondary schools, British Educational
Reasearch Journal, 24 (2), 163-178.

Walthamstow (2003) Walthamstow Home- School Support Project

Webster-Stratton, C. ( 1999) Researching the impact of training programmes
on childe conduct problems. In E. Lloyd (ed) Parenting Matters: What
works in parenting education? London: Barnados p. 85-113
White, K.R.,Taylor, M.J., and Moss, V.T. (1992) Does Research support claims
about the benefits of involving audio-video materials in early
intervention programmes? Review of Educational Research, 62,91-125.
Williams, B., Williams, J., and Ullman, A. ( 2002). Parental involvement in
Education
(Research Report RR332). Department of Education and Skills.
Wolfendale, S., and Cook, G. ( 1997 ). Evaluation of Special educational
Needs parent partnership schemes. University of East London
( Research Report RR 34), DfEE.
Wolfendale., and Bastiani, J. (eds) ( 2000). The contribution of audio-video
materials to school effectiveness, London: David Fulton Publishers.
ANNEX 1: Research Proposal Application Form and Endorsement of
Immediate Supervisor

A. RESEARCH INFORMATION

RESEARCH TITLE: EFFECTIVENESS OF MARUNGKO STRATEGY IN

DEVELOPING THE READING ABILITIES OF GRADE 2 LEARNERS

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE RESEARCH

The quasi-experimental one group design will be used in this study.
Participants will be exposed to literacy assessment tool (pre-reading test
and post reading test) and reading intervention using Marungko
Approach.All the data will be organized, tallied, tabulated, and presented in
a series of tables. Mean, percentage and t-test will be used in the analysis
and interpretation of data.
RESEARCH CATEGORY RESEARCH AGENDA CATEGORY
(check only one) (check only one main research
o National theme)
o Region  Teaching and Learning
o Schools Division o /Child Protection
o District o Human Resource
 School Development
o Governance
(check only one) (check up to one cross-cutting
 Action Research theme, if applicable)
o Basic Research o DRRM
o Gender and Development
 Inclusive Education
o Others (please specify):
FUND SOURCE (e.g. BERF, SEF, AMOUNT
others)
Personal Funds P 5, 000.00
--- ---
TOTAL AMOUNT P 5, 000.00
*indicate also if proponent will use personal funds
 B. PROPONENTS INFORMATION

LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME:

ERPELO JEAANIE CAMARA
BIRTHDATE: SEX: POSITION/DESIGNATION:
JULY 25, 1985 FEMALE TEACHER III
REGION / DIVISION / SCHOOL: (whichever is applicable)
BALOLING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, MAPANDAN, PANGASINAN I
CONTACT
CONTACT NUMBER 1: EMAIL ADDRESS:
NUMBER 2:
O908-149-8909
EDUCATIONAL TITLE OF THESIS / RELATED RESEARCH
ATTAINMENT: PROJECT:
Masters of Education
Comparative Efectiveness of Count-by Method
(Unibersdidad De
and Time-delay method in grade 2 Pupils
Dagupan)
SIGNATURE OF PROPONENT:
 IMMEDIATE SUPERVISOR’S CONFORME

I hereby endorse the attached research proposal. I certify that the

proponent has the capacity to implement a research study without
compromising his office functions.

NELIA J. ZABALA
Name and Signature of Immediate
Supervisor
Position/Designation: School Head
Date: _____________________
 ANNEX 3
Declaration of Anti-Plagiarism and Absence of Conflict
of Interest

DECLARATION OF ANTI-PLAGIARISM

1. I, JEANIE C. ERPELO, understand that plagiarism is the act of taking

and using another’s ideas and works and passing them off as one’s own. This
includes explicitly copying the whole work of another person and/or using
some parts of their work without proper acknowledgement and referencing.

2. We hereby attest to the originality of this research proposal and has

cited properly all the references used. I further commit that all deliverables
and the final research study emanating from this proposal shall be of original
content. I shall use appropriate citations in referencing other works from
various sources.

3. We understand that violation from this declaration and commitment

shall be subject to consequences and shall be dealt with accordingly by the
Department of Education.

Proponents Signature

JEANIE C. ERPELO
Date: ____________________
 DECLARATION OF ABSENCE OF CONFLICT OF
INTEREST

1. I, JEANIE C. ERPELO, understand that conflict of interest refers to situations

in which financial or other personal considerations may compromise my
judgment in evaluating, conducting, or reporting research. 1

2. We hereby declare that I do not have any personal conflict of interest that
may arise from my application and submission of my research proposal. We
understand that my research proposal may be returned to me if found out
that there is conflict of interest during the initial screening as per

3. Further, in case of any form of conflict of interest (possible or actual) which

may inadvertently emerge during the conduct of my research, I will duly
report it to the research committee for immediate action.

4. We understand that I may have held accountable by the Department of

Education for any conflict of interest which I have intentionally concealed.

Proponents Signature

JEANIE C. ERPELO

Date: ____________________