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Task 7 (The Internet)

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Adriane Sonez
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20 views

Task 7 (The Internet)

Uploaded by

Adriane Sonez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sonez, Adriane T.

GEC ELEC 1
BSME – 2A TASK 7: The Internet

The Internet
The internet is a vast, global network that connects millions of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks. It allows for the exchange of data and
communication between devices such as computers, smartphones, and servers. The
core technology that enables this connectivity is the Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which standardizes how data is transmitted
across the network.

The infrastructure of the internet includes:


 Cables: Fiber optics and copper wires that transmit data.
 Routers and Switches: Devices that manage traffic and direct data packets to
their destinations.
 Servers: Computers that store websites and deliver content to users upon
request.
The internet serves various purposes beyond just browsing websites; it supports
services like cloud computing, email, file sharing, and online gaming. Its architecture
is decentralized, meaning there is no single point of control or failure, which enhances
its resilience against outages and attacks.

Jobs the Internet Can Do


The internet has revolutionized the job market by creating numerous opportunities for
remote work and online services.

Here are some common jobs that can be performed via the internet:
 Virtual Assistant: Provides administrative support to businesses remotely.
 Call Center Representative: Handles customer service inquiries from home.
 Online Reseller: Buys products at a lower cost to sell them at a profit on
platforms like eBay or Amazon.
 Data Entry Processor: Updates records and inputs data for companies.
 Language Translator: Translates documents or audio files for clients who
require multilingual services.
 Freelance Writer/Editor: Produces or edits content for websites, blogs, or
publications.
How Data Travels the Internet?
Data travels across the internet through a complex process that involves breaking
information into smaller units called packets. Each packet contains essential
components that facilitate its journey from the source to the destination.

Here’s an overview of how this process works:


1. Packet Formation
When a user requests data, such as accessing a webpage, the information is divided
into packets. Each packet includes:
 Source Address: The IP address of the sender.
 Destination Address: The IP address of the intended recipient.
 Payload: The actual data being transmitted.
 Time to Live (TTL): A counter that limits the packet's lifespan to prevent it from
circulating indefinitely in case of routing errors.

2. Sending the Packets


Once packets are formed, they are sent from the user's device through a local network
(like home Wi-Fi) to a router or modem. This device serves as a gateway between the
local network and the broader internet, directing packets to their next destination.

3. Routing Through ISPs


The packets then travel through Internet Service Providers (ISPs). ISPs manage
extensive networks that connect local networks to the internet backbone, ensuring
efficient data transmission across vast distances. The packets may pass through
multiple routers and switches along the way, each making decisions about where to
send them next based on their destination addresses.

4. Domain Name System (DNS)


Before packets can reach their final destination, the requested domain name
(e.g., www.example.com) must be translated into an IP address. This is done by
the Domain Name System (DNS), which resolves domain names into numerical
addresses that computers can understand.

5. Traveling Over Infrastructure


Data travels primarily through various types of physical infrastructure:
 Fiber Optic Cables: Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 99.7% of the
speed of light, fiber optics are used for long-distance communication.
 Copper Wires: Used for traditional telephone lines and some broadband
connections, these are slower than fiber optics.
 Wireless Transmission: Technologies like Wi-Fi and mobile networks (e.g.,
4G, 5G) allow data to be transmitted without physical cables but typically at
lower speeds than fiber optics.

6. Reassembly at Destination
Upon reaching its destination, each packet is reassembled into its original format by
the receiving device's TCP/IP stack, which uses sequence numbers included in each
packet to order them correctly. Once reassembled, the data is delivered to the
appropriate application or service on the device.

What Computers Do on the Internet?


Computers perform various functions on the internet by utilizing networking protocols
to communicate with one another.

Key activities include:


 Accessing Websites: When users request a webpage, their computer sends
a request to the server via HTTP/HTTPS protocols.
 File Sharing: Computers can share files over networks using protocols like
FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
 Email Communication: Sending and receiving emails involves several
protocols (SMTP for sending and POP/IMAP for receiving).
 Streaming Services: Computers connect to servers that provide video or audio
streaming services.
 Online Gaming: Players connect to game servers to interact in real-time with
others around the world.
These activities rely on standardized protocols like TCP/IP to ensure seamless
communication between devices.

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