112 x t , åx ˚_«⌦D Â↵xx , 5 !

\m

1. Find the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the given boundary value problem. Assume that all
eigenvalues are real.

(a) y 00 + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y 0 (1) = 0.

(b) y 00 + y = 0, y 0 (0) = 0, y(1) = 0.

2. Consider the problem

y 00 + y = 0, 2y(0) + y 0 (0) = 0, y(1) = 0.
(a) Find the equation satisfied by the positive eigenvalues. Show that there is an infinite sequence of such
eigenvalues and that n ⇡ (2n + 1)2 ⇡ 2 /4 for large n.

(b) Find the equation satisfied by the negative eigenvalues. Show that there is exactly one negative
eigenvalue.

3. Consider the problem

y 00 + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y 0 (L) = 0.
Show that if m (x) and n (x) are eigenfunctions corresponding to the eigenvalues m and n, respectively,
with m 6= n , then
L
m (x) n (x) dx = 0.
0

Hint: Note that

00 00
m + m m = 0, n + n n = 0.
Multiply the first of these equation by n, the second by m, and integrate from 0 to L using integration
by parts.

4. Determine whether the given function is periodic. If so, find its fundamental period.
⇢
0 2n 1  x  2n
(a) cos 2⇡x. (b) sinh 2x. (c) tan ⇡x. (d) f (x) = , n = 0, ±1, ±2, · · ·
1, 2n < x  2n + 1

5. Find the Fourier series representation for the following periodic function.
⇢
x, ⇡x<0
f (x) = , f (x + 2⇡) = f (x).
0, 0x<⇡

6. Given the periodic function

p 1 ⇣ ⇡⌘
f (x) = 3 + 3 cos 2x + sin 2x + sin 3x cos 5x + ,
2 3

find the Fourier series representation of f (x).

1
7. Consider the periodic function f (x) = x + ⇡, ⇡ < x < ⇡, f (x + 2⇡) = f (x).

(a) Find the Fourier series representation of f (x).

(b) Use the result of (a) to show that

⇡ 1 1 1
=1 + + ···
4 3 5 7

8. Find the solution of the initial value problem

y 00 + ! 2 y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 0,

where ! 6= (2n 1)⇡, n = 1, 2, · · · , f (t) is periodic with period 2 and

⇢
1 t, 0  t < 1
f (t) =
1 + t, 1  t < 2

9. Assuming that
a0 X ⇣ n⇡x ⌘
1
n⇡x
f (x) = + an cos + bn sin ,
2 L L
n=1

show that
1
1 L
a20 X 2
[f (x)]2 dx = + (an + b2n ).
L L 2
n=1

This relation between a function f and its Fourier coefficients is known as Parseval’s equation.

10. Find the required Fourier series representation for the following function.
⇢
x, 0  x  1
(a) f (x) = , sine series, period 4.
1, 1  x < 2

(b) f (x) = L x, 0  x  L, cosine series, period 2L,

2
(a)
Case 1 : X =
M30 ,
Mo

5 + u= = 0 =
) S 2
=
Me
,

y (x) =
c CoSMX + CSinMX = y(x) =
UC , SinUXtUCCosMX
-

y(0) G = =
0

y'(l) =
MGCOSM =
0 => Mn =
(2n -

1)/2 ,
n = 1, 2.

An = Un =
(i) ,
P(x) =

Sin(1n-x) ,
n =
1, 2

Case 2 :
X = 0

y(x) = C , X+ 2 =
) y(x) =
4

y(x) =
0 ,
-
c< X/@

Case 3 :
x =
M >O ,
M30

s
=
-

M = 0 => S1 ,
2 =
IM

y(x) = C , coshuX + Csinhux => y(x) =

Mc , Sinhux +MccoshuX

y(0) = C = 0

y'(l) MGcoshu
= =
0 => G =
0
1b)
Case 1 :
X = u 0
,
u)0

s+ M
=
= 0 =
> S1 , 2 =
IMa

y(X) = C, CosMx + CSinMX => y(X) =

MGSinUX +MGCOSMX

y(0) M( 0 = G 0
=
=
=

y(1) = >COSM =
0 => Mn (2n- 1) 2 =

,
n =
1 2.
,
- -

Xn =
Mn =
( P(X) =

cos(X) ,
n =

Case 2 :
X =
0 y" =
0

y(x) =
xx + 2 =
) y(x) =
4

y(x) =
0
,
-
x(X

Case 3 : x =
-M330 ,
US 0

5 u - =
0 = Si .
2
=
IM

y(x) = C, CoshMX + GSinhux => yMX]

=
UC Sinhux + MG coshux
y(0) = 0

y'(0) = M( = 0 = G =
0

y(l) = 0

y (1) =
C, coshM =
0 => C =
0

y(X) =
0
,
-

/X
 y" Xy + =
0
,
(y(0) + y() =
0 ,
y(1) =
0

(a)
x =
u20 ,
u)0

s+M2 = 0 = S1 ,
2 =
M

y(x)
= c, CoSMX + GSinMX >
=
y(X) = -

MC , SinMX + MCCosMX

2y(0) + y((0) =
2x +MG =
0

y(1) = C , COSM + CSinM =

0

C(Sinu-EcoSM) =
0 => SinM-ECOSM =
0 => tanu =

UnzXn Mr =

4
b) x =- u 0 ,
u> 0

S
=
-
u 0 =
S1 , 2
=
IM

y(x) =
c, cosh(MX) + (Sinh(x) => y(x) UCsinh(MX) Mccosh(MX)
= +

2y(0) + y() =
2 +MC = 0

y(1) GCoshu + CSinhu

= = 0

C(Sinhu-Ecoshul = 0 => Sinhu-Ecoshu = 0 => tanhu =

f()
↑
tanh(u) -

-
M- Mr 1 915 => .
x, =
Mi 3667
-
-

0 . 5-

Oo
>
! 5
I 25's M
 554m(x)4n(x)dx = 0

&
I/

& m
+ XmPm =
0
,
+ MnPn =
0

↑m + XmPmIn =
0 , 4mPn + XnInkm =
0

= (Xm Xn)4m(x)4n(x) 4m(x)4 * (x) 4n(x)4(x)

-
= -

(xm -

xn)S4m(x)4n(x)dx 93[Pm(x) * h(x) Pu(x)4m(x))dX

= -

Since

S54m(x)4(x)dx 4m(x)ynix)) 9:4m(x)Pn(x)dx

= -

=
$m(2)4n(L) 4m(0)4n(0) S% Ph(x)dm(x)dX
-
-

=
full) .

0-0 .

$m(0) -

9th(x)4m(x)dx S4u(x) &m(x)dX= -

(xm -

xn)S84m(x)4n(x)dx So[4m(x)4(x) 4n(x)fm(x)]dx = - =

0

Since Xm#Mn

S34m(x)Pn(X)dx = =
0
(a) COSIX is a periodic function
with fundamental period T = 1

b , sinh2x is not a
periodic function

1 tanix is a periodic function

with fundamental period T = 1

id , f(x) =
[02nX n+
n= 0 # , ,
12

is a periodisfunction with fundamental

period T = 2
21 = 2 = L I =

f(x) = amCos bmSin +

= (amCosmX hmSinmx) +

a. = If(x)dx =
Xdx -E =

am = f(x)CosmxdX = / Xcosmxdx =

FSm: miseTo
bm = f(x)Simxdx =simxdx = mmm = 1,. .

f(x) = -

-
n=
2
[t(2n 1)
-
= cos((2n + )x) + innx)
f(x) = 3 +5cos2X + Sin2X + Sin3X-FCos5X + Sinsx
f(x) = amcos(mx) + bmSin (my

a= 6 ,
az =
53 ,
95 =
-# ,
bz =
1 ,
b = 1
,
by =

am =
bm = 0 otherwise
(a)
do = f(x)dx = ) -
(x ++)dx = 2i

am = f(x)Cos (mx) dX = 0
,
m = 1 2
,
--

m+
bm =

f(x) Sin (mx)dX = ( )

+
f(x) = + H)M Sin(mx)

= =
1 -

5 +5 e -
+ --

f(z) E = +T =
x+ E 3 E E+
-
+ -
...

1/2
=> 1 -
5 +5 -

y + -
=
z =
ao =
So(l-tidt + SY ( -
1 ++ )d + 1 =

am
=

S'(l-t) Cosmictdt + &H +) cos midt 2(m) mid ce + =

bm So D-t) Sinmitd S2( t) Sinmittd

= ++ + += 0

f(t) =
+ Cos(2n 1) it -

↑(t) =
Co
+ Cos(2n 1)t -

p"(t) 1 (Cos(2n 1) +ut

↑ (t) - 1) CSin(2n+ ) it (n -

-
=

-
-

=
,

Co =
2nz ,
Cn =
4

(2n-1)"[w] (n-1) i)
y(t) =
A Cost + AzSinWt + cur
, + *
(2n-11 WE Cn-Y
COS(2-1)At

y(0) =
1

A, + 4
nz + = *
(2n 1) [wr (2n + 3 12
-
-
=
#
n =
1

=> A , =
1 -

2- CNTWC I
+ 5) Az =
0

y(t) [1 2 = -
--
# 12n-1) [w2
I

] Cost
n =1 -

(2n-1) i
ziz
I
+
(2n 1) [w (2n -
CoS(2-1) it
13]
-
=

n= 1

=
COSWt + ·W COSC-COSISt)
↓[Y(f(x)] dx [S2f(x)( +
=

ancos b Sin]dx +

=
art_ fixdx + Can tifixcos* dx
·

+ br ·

tS]f(x) sin dx]

*

(a)g(x) [Y
+. - 2(X2-
+ (x +
;
=

1 < X2

g(x) =
bmSina

bm =
z f(x) Sindx = xsinx + Sindy
f(x) = SinM-2mECoSmi) Sin0X2
m=
2
(b)
g(x) =

EXT
g(x) = amco

G =
E :
g(x)dx =
ES ! (L x)dx
-
=
L

am = S(l-x)Cos
* dx =

2LoSmi) - miserSt
4 I'm eveT
(2n-1XX
f(x) E +
1(2n +,
220s m2
=

Fin
=

f(x) z =
+ CoSEX ,
OXXL