N.

NAGARAJU
Asst.Professor
DevOps
Unit-2
III B.TECH I SEM
DevOps Text Book
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 DevOps Architecture
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 DevOps Architecture
D ev el opm ent and o per ati o ns bo th pl ay essen ti al r o l es i n o rder t o del i v er appl i cat i on s. T he depl oy m ent
com pr i ses an al y zi ng th e r eq u i r em en t s, d esi g n i n g, d ev el op i n g , and t est i n g of th e so f tw ar e
com pon ents o r f r am ew or k s.

T he oper at i on co nsi sts o f t he adm i ni str at i v e pr ocesses, serv i ces, an d suppor t f o r t he sof tw are. W hen
bot h th e dev el op men t an d oper ati ons ar e com bi n ed w i t h col l abor ati ng, then t he D ev O p s ar ch i tectu r e i s
th e so l u ti o n to f i x t he gap betw een d epl o y m ent and op er at i o n ter ms; th er ef or e, d el i v ery can b e f ast er .

D ev O ps ar ch i t ect ur e i s used f o r t he appl i cat i o ns ho sted o n the cl ou d pl at f or m and l ar ge di str i buted

appl i cati ons. A g i l e D ev el opm ent i s used i n the D ev O ps ar chi t ect ur e so th at i nt egr ati o n and del i v er y can
be cont i gu ous.

W hen t he dev el opm en t and operat i on s team w or k s separat el y f r om each ot her , th en i t i s

ti me-con sum i n g to d esi gn , t est , an d d ep l o y . A nd i f th e t er m s ar e n ot i n sy nc w i th each oth er , then i t
m ay cause a del ay i n the del i v er y . S o D ev O p s en abl es t he t eams t o change th ei r sho rt com i n gs and
i n cr eases p ro duct i v i ty .
Below are the various components that are used in the DevOps architecture:
1 ) B ui l d
W i t hou t D ev O ps, the cost o f t he co nsu m pti on of th e r eso ur ces w as ev al uat ed based on t he pr e-d ef i ned
i n di v i du al usag e w i th f i x ed har dw ar e al l ocat i on . A n d w i t h D ev O p s, t he usage of cl ou d, shar i n g of
r esou rces com es i n to t he p i ctu r e, and th e b ui l d i s d ep endent u pon t he user 's need, w hi ch i s a
m ech an i sm to co ntr o l the usag e o f r eso ur ces o r capaci t y .
2) C od e
M an y goo d pr acti ces such as G i t en ab l es th e cod e t o be used, w hi ch en sur es w r i ti ng th e cod e f or
busi n ess, hel ps t o tr ack chang es, get ti ng no ti f i ed ab out t he r eason behi nd t he d i f f er ence i n the actual
and th e ex p ect ed out put , and i f n ecessar y r ev ert i n g to th e o ri gi nal code dev el oped . T he code can be
appr o pr i atel y arr ang ed i n f i l es, f ol d er s, etc. A nd th ey can b e r eused .
3) T est
T he appl i cati on w i l l b e r eady f or pr od ucti on af ter test i ng . I n th e case of man ual test i n g, i t consum es
m or e t i m e i n test i n g an d mo v i ng th e cod e t o the ou tpu t. T he t est i ng can be auto mat ed, w h i ch decr eases
th e ti m e f or testi n g so th at the ti m e to d epl o y th e cod e to p r odu cti o n can b e r edu ced as aut om ati n g th e
r unn i ng o f t he scr i pt s w i l l r em ov e man y man ual st ep s.
4) P l an D ev O ps u se A gi l e met hod ol o gy to p l an th e d ev el op men t. W i th t he oper ati ons an d dev el o pm ent
team i n sy n c, i t h el ps i n or gan i zi n g the w or k t o pl an accor di ngl y to i ncr ease p r odu ct i v i ty .
5) M on i t or C on ti nuo us m oni to ri ng i s used t o i den ti f y any r i sk of f ai l ur e. A l so, i t hel ps i n tr ack i n g the
sy stem accur at el y so t hat th e heal th of th e app l i cat i on can be check ed. T he mo ni t or i ng becom es m or e
com f or tabl e w i th ser v i ces w h er e th e l o g data m ay get m oni tor ed th r oug h man y thi r d-par ty t ool s su ch
as Sp l u n k .
6) D ep l o y M any sy stem s can supp or t th e sch edul er f or auto mat ed depl o y m ent . T he cl o ud m an agem en t
pl at f or m en ab l es users t o captu re accur ate i nsi gh ts and v i ew th e op ti mi zat i o n scenar i o, anal y ti cs o n
tr end s by th e d ep l o y m en t of dash boar ds.
7 ) O p er at e
D ev O ps chang es t he w ay tr adi ti onal app r oach of d ev el op i n g an d test i n g separ atel y . T h e t eam s op erat e
i n a col l abor ati v e w ay w her e bot h the team s act i v el y par ti ci pat e t hr oug hou t th e ser v i ce l i f ecy cl e. T he
oper ati on t eam i nt er act s w i t h dev el oper s, and th ey co me up w i th a m oni tor i ng pl an w hi ch ser v es the I T
and bu si n ess r equi r ement s.
8) R el ea se
D epl oy ment to an env i r onm ent can be don e b y au to mat i on . B ut w h en the depl oy m ent i s m ade t o th e
pr od ucti on env i r on ment , i t i s do ne by m anual t ri gg er i ng. M an y pr ocesses i nv ol v ed i n r el ease
m an agem en t com mo nl y used to d o th e dep l oy men t i n t he p r odu ct i o n en v i ro nm ent m anual l y to l essen
th e i m p act o n the cust om er s.
 DevOps Workflow
■ D ev O ps w or k f l ow pr ov i des a v i sual o v er v i ew o f th e sequence i n w h i ch i n put i s pr ov i ded. A l so, i t t el l s
abou t w hi ch one act i o n i s per f or m ed, an d out put i s gener ated f or an op er ati on s pr ocess.
■ D ev O ps w or k f l ow al l ow s t he abi l i ty t o separ ate and ar r an ge the j o bs w hi ch are to p r equest ed by th e
user s. A l so, i t gi v es t he ab i l i ty t o mi r r or t hei r i d eal pr ocess i n the conf i gur ati on j obs.
 D ev O p s P r i n ci p l es

1. E n d t o E n d R esp o n si b i l i t y : D ev O ps team need to pr o v i d e per f or m ance sup por t u nti l th ey b eco me

th e end o f l i f e. I t enh an ces the r espo nsi bi l i t y and th e qu al i t y of th e pr o duct s en gi n eer ed .
2. C o n t i n u o u s I m p r ov em en t : D ev O p s cu l t ur e f ocu ses on con ti nuo us i m pr o v em en t to m i n i m i ze w ast e.
I t cont i n uou sl y speeds u p the gr ow th of pr od ucts o r ser v i ces of f er ed .
3. A u t om at e E v er y t h i n g : A u tom ati on i s an essent i al pr i nci pl e o f t he D ev O p s pr ocess. T h i s i s f o r
so f tw ar e d ev el o pm en t and al so f or t he enti r e i nf r astr uct ur e l andscap e.
4. C u st o m C en t r i c A ct i o n : D ev O ps t eam mu st t ak e custo mer -centr i c f or th at they shou l d cont i n uou sl y
i n v est i n pr od ucts and ser v i ces.
5. M o n i t or a n d t est ev er y t h i n g: T he D ev O p s team n eed s to hav e r ob ust m o ni t or i n g and test i n g
pr o ced ur es.
6. W or k a s on e t eam : I n th e D ev O ps cul tu re r ol e of th e d esi g ner s, d ev el op ers, and t ester s ar e al r ead y
def i n ed. A l l th ey needed to d o i s w o r k as o ne team w i th com pl ete co l l ab or ati on.
 D ev O p s P r a ct i ces
S om e i d en t i f i ed D ev O p s p r a ct i ces a r e:
1. S el f -ser v i ce con fi gur at i on
2. C ont i n uou s bui l d
3. C ont i n uou s i nt egr ati on
4. C ont i n uou s del i v er y
5. I ncr em en tal testi n g
6. A u tom ated p ro v i si o ni n g
7. A u tom ated r el ease m an agem en t
 D ev O p s D ep l o y m en t s, O r ch est r a t i o n
▶W i th i n creased demand an d co m peti ti o n, en ter pr i ses ar e on a ru n to del i v er appl i cati ons mo re qu i ck l y
and ef f i ci ent l y , u n r el i ab l e d ep l oy m en t s ar e a n i m m ed i at e b ot t l en eck .
▶M anual depl oy men ts ar e m ostl y about out dated i nst r ucti ons and semi -au to mat ed depl o y m ents u se
i n co mp r ehensi bl e and u nm ai nt ai nabl e scri pt i ng . T h ese ar e, t her efo r e, er ro r -pr one and t i m e-co nsu mi ng.

▶H o w ev er , w i th e-Z est ’ s ex per t D ev O ps t eam , y ou cou l d t ak e t he depl o y m ent and o rch estr ati on
bur d en of f y our op er at i on s teams. W e hav e pr i o r ex per ti se i n pr ov i di ng secur e, sel f -ser v i ce capabi l i ti es
to d ev el op ers an d test er s. W e assi st i n the depl oy m ent , up gr adati on o f com pl ex ap pl i cati o ns and
conf i gur ati on at t he cl i ck of a b utt on.

▶W i th ou r ex pert s, our cl i en ts hav e been tak i ng adv ant age o f ou r depl o y m en t auto m at i o n an d cont i nu ous
i n tegr ati on, env i r onm ent p ro v i si o ni n g and test i n g too l s.

▶T h ese serv i ces bu i l d an aut om ated del i v er y pl atf or m fo r t he ease o f th e dev el opers, t ester s and t he
oper ati on s team. A ut om ati ng th e dep l oy men t pr ocess i s necessar y as i t mak es t he co m pani es m or e
ef fi ci ent an d ag i l e and l ow er s th e p ro duct i on t i m e an d possi bl e m an ual er r or s i n con f i gu r at i o ns.
A f ew of ou r D ep l oy m en t A u t om a t i on a n d O r ch est r a t i on ser v i ces i n cl u d e:

1. A u tom ated , er ro r -fr ee, and f aster d epl o y m ent

2. U n i qu e agen tl ess ar chi tectu r e dev el op ment
3. S i n gl e cl i ck o r con ti nuo us depl oy ment
4. S i n gl e-to ol d ep l oy i n g i n al l env i r on m en ts
5. I nt eg r ati o n of ex i sti n g scr i p ts
6. D epl oy ment met ri cs
7. C entr al i zed too l or chest r at i o n that al l ow s el i m i n ati o n of ov er l ap pi n g, ex pensi v e too l s w h i l e
m ai nt ai ni ng ser v i ce l ev el s
 D ev O p s, O r ch est r a t i on
■ A uto m at i o n i s a hot i ssu e f or bu si n esses o f al l si zes, acr o ss al l i ndu st ri es. W hether y o u w or k i n I T o r
not , y ou’ v e p ro babl y hear d of au tom ati on as a met hod t o sav e mo ney , i m pr ov e ef f i ci en cy , and
m i ni mi ze er r or s. H ow ev er, f ol l ow i ng aut om ati on, y ou m ay be w on der i ng w hat acti o n to t ak e n ex t, or i f
th er e ar e any o bst acl es that ar e restr ai n i ng y our D ev O ps team s.
■ H ow can y ou step up y our auto m at i o n game and achi ev e t he i deal su ccess of di gi tal t r ansf or m ati on?
T he answ er t o y ou r qu esti on l i es i n t hi s ar t i cl e.
D ev O p s O r ch est r a t i on – Y ou r N ex t S t ep a f t er A u t om a t i on
✓ D ev O ps or chest r ati o n i s t he au tom ati on of nu mer ou s p r o cesses t h at r u n con cu r r en t l y i n or d er t o
r ed u ce p r o d u ct i o n i ssu es an d t i m e t o m ar k et , w hi l e au to mat i on i s the capaci t y to do a j o b or a ser i es
of pr ocedu res t o f i ni sh an i n di v i d ual task r ep eat ed l y .
▶M any peopl e bel i ev e t hat D ev O ps or chestr ati on i s j ust mer gi ng sev eral j obs i nt o a l ar ger scr i pt, but i t i s
m uch mo r e t han th at .
▶D ev O ps or chestr ati on ser v i ces i ncl ude such j obs i nt o a pr o cess or w or k f l ow , w hi ch m ay i n v ol v e man y
auto mat ed task s an d st ag es, and r esour ces to str eaml i ne th e ent i r e w or k f l ow or pr ocess.
▶A u tom ati on can be pr etty co mpl i cat ed at scal e, al t hou gh i t i s usual l y f ocused o n a par t i cul ar operat i on
to f ul f i l l a go al , such as a serv er dep l oy m en t.
▶W hen aut om ati on has r eached i t s l i m i tati ons, t hat’ s w hen or chest r at i o n co m es i nt o pl ay .
 W h y I n v est i n D ev O p s O r ch est r a t i on ?
▶D ev O ps team s m ust n av i gate acr oss depar tm ent s, r equi r i ng a sol uti on w h er e th ei r t ool s can al so be
pi l ot ed sm art l y . T h i s si tu at i o n cal l s f or D ev O ps or chestr ati o n so l ut i on s, w hi ch h av e t he ab i l i ty t o
com bi n e n um ero us aut om ated el em ents f r o m di f fer ent D ev O ps t oo l k i ts.
▶W i th D ev O ps or chestr ati on, teams can ut i l i ze t hei r cur r ent i n-use aut om ati o n too l s w hi l e bei ng abl e t o
engag e un der an o v er ar ch i ng u mb r el l a desi gned t o pul l ev er y th i n g i nt o a si ng l e w or k f l ow .
■ A ccel er a t e y o u r au t om at i o n p r ocess
■ D ev O ps or chestr ati on ensu r es seaml ess and q ui ck del i v er y o f new b ui l ds i n to p ro duct i on an d
m i ni mi zes the ef fo r t spen t on r epeti ti v e t ask s. A s a consequence, D ev O p s teams can f ocus on m or e
cr i ti cal pr oj ect s an d deci si on -mak i ng r ath er t han bui l d i ng p i pel i nes.
■ I m p r ov e cr oss-t ea m co l l a b or at i o n
■ H av i ng a pl at f or m w h ere al l acti v i ti es ar e co nso l i dated and u pdated con st an tl y boo sts ef f ecti v e
com mu ni cat i on b etw een op er at i on and dev el o pm ent team s, w i t h ev ery one i n sy nc th r oug hou t al l st eps.
■ E n su r e h i gh er r el ea se qu a l i t y
■ D ev O ps or chestr ati on l o w er s the chance of mi stak es reachi ng th e end -user by i ncl ud i n g qual i ty
cont r ol acti v i t i es su ch as ap pr ov al s, schedu l i n g, secu r i ty t esti ng , and aut om ati c st atus r epo r ti n g.
■ R edu ce co st s f or I T i n f r ast r u ct u r e an d h u m a n r esou r ces
■ D ev O ps or chestr ati on l o w er s i nf r ast r uctu r e i n v est men t cost s and th e n um ber o f I T em pl o y ees
r equi r ed . I n th e l ong r un , f i r m s can ex pand t hei r cl o ud ser v i ce f oo tpr i nt and b e m or e fl ex i b l e i n
al l o cati n g busi ness cost s. B u i l d t r an sp a r en cy acr oss t h e S D L C
• I t i sn’ t easy t o establ i sh cl ar i t y an d open ness t hr ou gho ut a pr oj ect w h en task s an d i n fo r mat i on ar e
si l oed .
• D ev O ps or chestr ati on i s u sed to co or di n ate al l task s, cen tr al i ze dat a r el ated t o al l oper at i on s, an d
pr ov i de up dates and p ro gr ess t o k ey st ak ehol der s th r oug hou t the dev el opm ent l i f ecy cl e.

• B oost t h e v el oci t y of r el ea ses

• D ev O ps or chestr ati on ent ai l s con si der abl e auto mat i on an d the auto mat ed pr ogr essi o n of sof t w are
th ro ugh cer tai n pr ocesses – such as test i n g – an d on to t he nex t st age of a r el ease pi p el i n e.
• A s D ev O ps o r ch estr ati on r em ov es t he ti m e spent w ai ti ng f or anot her em pl oy ee to f i ni sh m an ual du ti es
and sen d the pr og r am to t he n ex t st ep i n t he p r ocess, sof t w ar e r eaches th e end -u ser faster , and w ai t ti me
i s d i v er ted t o the nex t pr oj ect at h an d. W i th a hi gher l ev el o f aut om ati o n, y ou can now d ev el op m o re
ser v i ces an d get th em to m ar k et m or e q ui ck l y , r esul ti n g i n cost sav i ngs an d r ev enue gai n s.
 D ev O p s U se C a ses & R ea l L i f e A p p l i ca t i on s
1 . A p p l i ca t i on of D ev O p s i n t h e O n l i n e F i n an ci a l T r a d i n g C om p a n y
T h e m etho dol og y i n th e p ro cess of test i n g, b ui l di n g, an d dev el o pm ent w as aut om ated i n t he f i nanci al
tr adi ng com pan y . U si n g the D ev O ps, depl oy m ent w as b ei ng d one w i thi n 45 secon ds. T hese
dep l oy men ts used to tak e l o ng ni gh ts and w eek en ds f or the em pl o y ees. T he ti m e of the ov er al l
pr o cess r ed uced and th e i nter est o f cl i ents i ncr eased.
2. U se of D ev O p s i n N et w or k cy cl i n g
D epl oy ment , t esti ng and r api d desi gni ng becam e t en t i m es f aster . I t b ecam e ef f or t l ess f o r t he t el co
ser v i ce p ro v i d er t o ad d patch es o f secu r i ty ev er y d ay , w h i ch used to be do ne o nl y ev er y t hr ee m on th s.
T hr o ugh d ep l oy m en t and desi gn , th e n ew v er si on o f n etw o rk cy cl i n g w as bei n g r ol l ed out .
3. A p p l i ca t i on i n C ar M an u f act u r i n g I n d u st r i es
U si ng D ev O ps, em pl o y ees hel p ed car m an uf actur er s to cat ch t he er r o r w h i l e scal i ng t he pr odu cti o n,
w h i ch w as no t possi bl e bef or e.
4. B en ef i t s t o A i r l i n es I n d u st r i es
W i th th e b en efi t of D ev O ps, U ni ted A i r l i n es sav ed $50 0, 000 b y changi ng t o co nt i nu ous t esti ng
st andar ds. I t al so i ncr eased i t s cov er age of code by 85 % .
5. A p p l i ca t i on t o G M F i n an ci al
R eg r essi on testi n g ti me w as r educed by 9 3% , w hi ch i n tu r n red uced the f und i ng p er i od o f l oad by f i v e
ti mes.
6. B u g R ed u ct i on B en ef i t of D ev O p s
D ev O ps has r educed t he b ugs b y up t o 35% and i n man y cases of p r e-p r odu ct i o n bug s up to 4 0% . B y
usi ng D ev O ps, R abob an k w as abl e to p r ov i de bett er qu al i t y appl i cati ons f o r th ei r cl i ent s w i thi n l ess
ti me because i t m assi v el y r educed th e t i m e t ak en f or r egr essi o n test i ng .
7 . L ess T i m e f or I n t eg r a t i on
K ey B ank used D ev O ps to r educe the ti me tak en f o r t he i nt eg r at i o n of secur i t y an d com pl i ance i nt o the
pr ocess f r o m 3 m ont hs t o 1 w eek .
8. D ecr ea sed C om p u t at i o n C o st an d O p er at i on T i m e
• B y th e use o f D ev O ps, C om put ati o n ti me has been dr am ati cal l y r edu ced. I n m an y cases, i t has r educed
th e com pu ti n g ti me f r om u p to 60 % . W hen the ti m e tak en t o com pl et e a task i s decr eased, t hen th e cost
i n v ol v ed th e pr o cess al so d ecr eases.
9. F ast er D ev el op m en t of S of t w a r e
• T h e D ev O ps h el ps i n the f aster del i v er y of apps because i t ensu r es speedi er del i v er y .
1 0 . I m p r o v em en t i n T eam C o l l a b or at i o n
T r anspar en cy i s r equi r ed fo r b etter deci si on -mak i ng and w or k s b et ter ef f i ci ency of r esou rces. B y usi ng
D ev O ps, teams can be m or e t r ansp ar ent i n th ei r w or k of dev el opi ng app l i cati on s an d sof t w ar e. T h er e
ar e m any bi g task s of a pr o j ect w hi ch are br ok en dow n i nt o man y sm al l t ask s t hat ar e al l ott ed to
di ff er ent t eam s o r peo pl e i n t he o r gani sati on.
1 1 . R el i ab l e E n v i r o n m en t s f or O p er at i on s
D ev O ps pr ov i d e a bett er env i r onm ent t hat i s mo re st abl e f or the team t o w or k t oget her . T h e peo pl e i n
th e gr o up can r el y on t he en v i r o nm en t f or al l k i nds o f o per ati o ns and t ask s.
1 2 . E ar l y D ef ect s D et ect i on
I n the env i r onm ent o f D ev O ps, th e er r or and th e d ef ects can be k n ow n at a v er y f i r st stage. D ev O ps
hel p s i n t he f ast detecti on of def ects.
1 3 . F a st er C o r r ect i o n
W i t h th e hel p of D ev O p s, A l l th e d ef ects ar e detected v er y ear l y . B ecau se o f t hi s, m i stak es can be
cor r ect ed v er y f ast. T her e i s a l ot o f t i m e w h i ch get s sav ed i n t hi s k i n d of D ev O p s env i r onm ent b ecause
th e w o r k i s v er y f ast , so t he co r rect i on w or k i s al so com pl et ed v er y f ast.
1 4 . C o n t i n u o u s O p er at i o n o f M o n i t or i n g , T est i n g, D ep l oy m en t , an d R el ease
T her e i s a massi v e d em and f o r so f tw ar e pr of essi on al s to k eep o n del i v er i n g hi g h-qual i t y ap pl i cati o ns
and so f tw ar e. D ev O ps D ev el oper sal ar y i s ev er i n cr easi ng i n I ndi a.
 D ev O p s d el i v er y p i p el i n e
✓ A D ev O ps pi pel i ne i s a set of au tom ated pr ocesses and t ool s th at al l o w s dev el oper s and o per at i o ns
pr of essi o nal s t o co l l ab or ate on bu i l di n g and depl oy i ng cod e t o a pr o duct i on en v i r o nm en t.
✓ D ev O ps i s a r ev ol uti onar y m ov em ent , i n that i t r ev ol uti oni zes t he si l oed or gan i zati onal str uct ur e t hat
separ ated d ev el op men t an d oper ati on s. T he r esu l t i s a cul tu ral shi f t w her e d ev el op ers an d oper ati ons
pr of essi o nal s w o r k tog ether , em br ace au tom ati on, i ncr ease depl oy m ent speed, an d ar e m or e f l ex i b l e.
✓ T he r esul ti ng D ev O ps st r uctu re has cl ear benef i t s: T eam s w h o adopt D ev O ps pr act i ces can i m pr ov e
and st r eam l i ne th ei r d ep l o y m ent pi pel i ne, w h i ch r educes i n ci den t fr eq uency and i m pact .
✓ T he D ev O ps pr acti ce of “ y o u bui l d i t, y ou r un i t” i s f ast becom i ng t he nor m and w i th go od r eason —
near l y ev er y r esp ond en t ( 99% ) of th e 20 20 D ev O ps T r end s S ur v ey sai d D ev O p s has had a posi ti v e
i m pact on t hei r or g an i zati on, w i t h near l y hal f seei ng a f aster t i m e t o m ar k et an d i m pr ov ed depl oy m ent
f r eq uency .
1 . W h at i s t h e D ev O p s p i p el i n e?
✓ A D ev O ps pi pel i ne i s a set of au tom ated pr ocesses and t ool s that al l ow s bot h dev el o per s and
oper ati on s pr of essi on al s to w or k cohesi v el y to bu i l d an d depl oy code to a pr od ucti on env i r on men t.
✓ D ev O ps pi pel i ne can di f f er by o r gani zat i on , i t ty pi cal l y i ncl udes bu i l d au tom ati on /cont i n uou s
i n tegr ati on, au tom ati on t esti ng, v al i dati on, and r epor t i ng . I t m ay al so i ncl u de o ne or m or e m an ual gat es
th at r eq ui r e hum an i n ter v ent i on b ef or e cod e i s al l o w ed to p ro ceed .
✓ C ont i nu ous i s a di f f er enti ated char act eri st i c of a D ev O ps pi pel i ne. T hi s i ncl u des cont i n uou s
i n tegr ati on, co nti nu ous d el i v er y /dep l oy men t ( C I /C D ) , cont i n uou s f eed back , and co nti nuo us op erat i on s.
I nst ead of o ne-of f test s or schedu l ed depl oy m ent s, each f un ct i o n occur s on an on goi ng basi s.
2. C on si d er a t i on s f or b u i l d i n g a D ev O p s p i p el i n e
• S i n ce th ere i sn’ t o ne standard D ev O ps pi pel i n e, an or gani zat i o n’ s desi gn an d i m pl em ent at i o n of a
D ev O ps pi pel i ne d epends on i t s techno l o gy st ack , a D ev O p s en gi neer’ s l ev el of ex p er i en ce, bud get,
and m or e.
• A D ev O ps en gi n eer sh oul d hav e a w i de-r angi ng k n ow l edge of bot h dev el o pm ent and o per at i o ns,
i n cl udi ng cod i ng , i nf r astr u ct ur e m anag em ent , sy st em adm i n i st r at i o n, and D ev O ps too l chai n s.
•
3 . C om p on en t s of a D ev O p s p i p el i n e
C ont i n uou s i nt egr ati on/co nt i nu ous d el i v ery /dep l oy m en t ( C I /C D )
1. C o n t i n u o u s i n t egr at i o n i s t he pr acti ce of mak i ng f r equ en t com m i ts t o a com m on sour ce co de rep osi to ry .
I t’ s co nti nuo usl y i n tegr ati ng cod e chan ges i nt o ex i sti ng cod e base so t hat any co nf l i ct s betw een d i f f er en t
dev el oper ’ s cod e ch an ges ar e qu i ck l y i d en ti fi ed and r el ati v el y easy t o r emedi ate. T hi s p r act i ce i s
cr i t i cal l y i m por t an t to i ncr easi n g depl o y m ent ef f i ci en cy .
2. C o n t i n u o u s d el i v er y ensu r es that t he “ mai n” or “ tr un k ” br anch of an appl i cati on's sour ce co de i s
al w ay s i n a r el easabl e st ate. I n ot her w or ds, i f m anagem ent came to y our desk at 4 : 30 P M on a F r i day and
sai d, “ W e need t he l atest v er si on r el eased ri ght now , ” th at v er si o n coul d be depl o y ed w i th th e p ush o f a
bu tto n and w i tho ut f ear o f f ai l ur e.
3. C o n t i n u o u s d ep l o y m en t en tai l s hav i ng a l ev el of cont i n uou s test i ng an d oper ati ons t hat i s so r obu st, new
v er si on s of sof tw are ar e v al i dat ed an d depl oy ed i nto a pr od ucti on env i r on ment w i t hou t r eq ui ri ng any
hu man i nter v en ti o n.
4. C o n t i n u o u s feed b ack T he si n gl e bi ggest pai n p oi n t of the ol d w ater f al l m etho d of sof t w ar e dev el op ment
— and consequen tl y w hy agi l e m eth odo l og i es w er e d esi g ned — w as th e l ack o f ti m el y f eed back .
5. C o n t i n u o u s t est i n g i s a cr i ti cal com p onent of ev er y D ev O ps p i pel i ne and on e o f t he p r i m ar y en abl er s of
con ti n uou s f eed back .
6. C o n t i n u o u s m on i t o r i n g i s anot her i m por t ant com po nent of con ti n uou s f eed back . A D ev O ps app r oach
ent ai l s u si n g cont i nu ous m o ni t or i n g i n th e stagi ng, test i ng , and ev en d ev el op m en t env i r onm ent s.
7 . T o ol s an d C o n t r o l E n v i r on m en t
✓ R esearch i ng t ool s and y o ur pr ef er r ed cont r ol env i r on men t f or y our D ev O ps pi pel i ne i s on e o f t he m ost
i m po r tant steps. T hese t ool s w i l l ef f ect i v el y str u ct ur e the r est of y o ur D ev O p s pr ocess and w or k f l o w .
8. B u i l d Ser v er an d A u t o m at i on
✓ T he nex t step i s to get y our bu i l d serv er r un ni n g to h ost y our pr oj ect an d set up y our secur i ty and dat a
st or age. T h i s stage i s al so a p r i m e o ppo rt uni ty t o conf i gur e y ou r aut om ati on techn ol o gy and t est i t o ut
i n y our new bu i l d serv er .
9. D ev O p s P i p el i n e D ep l oy m en t
✓ A t t hi s poi n t, y ou shou l d hav e ev er y t hi n g set up an d ready t o go . T h e on l y t hi n g l ef t i s t o depl oy y o ur
D ev O ps pi pel i ne an d star t r eapi ng th e ben ef i ts!
• C o n t i n u o u s op er a t i on s
• C o n t i n u o u s op er a t i on s i s a r el ati v el y n ew an d l ess co mm on t er m, an d def i n i ti on s v ar y . O ne w ay to
i n ter pr et i t i s as “ cont i nu ous upt i m e” . F or ex am pl e i n t he case of a b l ue/gr een depl oy m ent str ategy i n
w hi ch y ou h av e t w o sep ar at e pr o duct i on env i r on m en ts, one th at i s “ b l ue” ( pub l i cl y accessi b l e) an d
one th at i s “ g reen” ( no t pu bl i cl y accessi bl e) .
W h a t i s a D ev O p s P i p el i n e?
✓ T he D ev O ps pi pel i ne i s a ser i es of ei gh t st ages i n a pr oj ect l i f ecy cl e th at co mbi ne th e f un cti o ns o f bo th
team s — D ev el o pm en t and O p er at i on s.
D ev O p s P i p el i n e St a ges
✓ T he D ev O ps pi pel i ne ty pi cal l y has ei gh t st ages. I n t he D ev el o pm en t ph ase, th ey ar e: pl an, co de, bu i l d,
and test. I n t he O per ati o ns p hase, t he stages ar e: r el ease, d epl o y , o per ate, and m on i t or .
T h e O u t p u t of a D ev O p s P i p el i n e
✓ T he ou tpu t of a D ev O ps pi pel i ne i s a col l ect i o n of v ar i abl es w i t h assi gned v al ues used acr oss the
pi pel i ne t o pass d ata an d man ag e p ro j ect and u ser state.
B u i l d i n g a D ev O p s P i p el i n e
✓ T he P i pel i n e sh oul d be tho ugh t of as pl u mbi n g pi pes, t hey need to w o r k co nt i nu ousl y w i th out f ai l an d
i n t he l ar ge p i ctu r e, th ey ar e hi g hl y i ter ati v e an d m ost l y aut om ated.
✓ H av i ng a goo d gr asp on t he D ev O ps pi pel i n e i s a gr eat pl ace to star t bef or e tak i ng steps t o i m pl em ent
th e pi pel i ne i nt o y o ur t eam ’ s w or k f l ow . H opef ul l y , th i s po st h as h el ped y ou ar m y o ur sel f w i th t he
k no w l ed ge y ou n eed t o mak e an i n f or med d eci si on abou t th e po ssi bl e ben ef i ts f or y o ur team.
 D ev O p s E co S y st em
✓ A t i ts cor e, t he D ev O ps eco sy stem i s th e i dea t hat to ol s shou l d be hel pi n g y ou i n y ou r j our n ey f r o m
r equi r em ent s to pr o duct i on .
1 . S cr i p t s
• Scr i pts ar e t he connect or pi eces t hat br i ng the di spar at e tool s and cl asses toget her i nt o a m or e coher ent w hol e.
Scr i pt s al so h el p w i t h au tom ated an d com pl i cated bu i l d, depl oy men t , an d au t omat i on t ask s. S cr i pti n g i s i n credi bl y
f l ex i bl e an d w i th i t , y ou can do al m ost an y t h i n g.

2 . C I /C D T ool s
• C ont i nuous I ntegr ati on/D el i v er y T ool s ar e al m ost the enter pr i se l ev el pack age i n the D ev O ps w or l d. T hey tr y t o
do al l of th e t h i n gs. T h ey sch edu l e, gath er r esu l ts, k i ck -of f scr i pts/pr ocesses/t ool s, i n t egr at e w i th ot h er tool s, an d
r epor t on su ccess. C I /C D t ool s can of t en do m u ch of w h at y ou n eed, bu t as w i t h m ost gen er al i st s, somet i m es y ou
h av e t o add an ot h er t ool th at pr ov i des speci al i zed capabi l i t i es.

3 .B u i l d T o o l s
• B ui l d t ool s ar e an essent i al f oundat i onal pi ece of D ev O ps. W i th m or e dev el oper s w or k i ng on a code-base,
ch eck i n g i n code, an d m ov i n g y ou r pr odu ct /pr oj ect f or w ar d, i t’ s essen t i al t h er e be a t ool th at can au tom ate
br i n gi n g t oget h er th e r i gh t depen den ci es an d gen er at i n g an i n st al l abl e compi l ed pack age.
4.S ou r ce C od e M a n a gem en t T ool s (C od e R ep osi t or i es)
• W i th th e di st r i bu ted nat ur e o f t eam s i n t he D ev O ps w or l d, pow er f ul , enabl i ng sour ce code man agemen t
to ol s ar e essent i al . T hese t ool s hel p t o man ag e m ul ti pl e si mu l t an eous u pdate st r eam s f or th e cod eb ase
and ensur e cod e coh er en cy thr o ugh b ran ch i ng an d mer gi ng m echani sm s.

5 .D ep l oy T ool s /C on f i gu r a t i on a s C od e
• W i th th e l ev el s of aut om at i o n that ar e becom i ng standard i n th e D ev O ps ecosy st em, i t m ak es sense t hat
th er e be an au tom ated capabi l i ty f or code to b e dep l oy ed i nt o y ou r d esi r ed env i r onm ent s.

6.V i r t u a l i z a t i on /C on t a i n er i z a t i on
• G o ne ar e the day s o f setti ng up a si ngl e serv er t o ru n m ul t i pl e appl i cat i o ns/ser v i ces. W i t h th e con cept
th at each app l i cati on o r ser v i ce y ou w i sh to d epl o y hav i ng a d i f f er ent op ti m al ser v er conf i gur at i on g rew
th e i d ea t hat ev er y appl i cati on coul d r un i n i ts o w n i n depend ent cont ai ner .
7 .R ep or t s, S t a t i st i cs, a n d A n a l y t i cs
• M any of th e to ol s i n th ese l i sts hav e t hei r ow n i ntegrat ed repor ts and r epor ti ng capabi l i t y , but y ou can
add f un ct i o nal i ty and f l ex i bi l i ty by ad di n g y ou r o w n r epor t eng i ne or pl ugi n.

8.T est A u t om a t i on
• T est au to mat i on i s one of th e bi ggest topi cs i n D ev O ps w i t h num er ous t hr eads, i n tent s, and t oo l
sy stem s. T he num b er of to ol s and t hei r tar g et i s l ar ge and deser v i ng o f i ts ow n ar t i cl e.

9.S t a t i c C od e A n a l y si s T ool s
• O n e of th e t ool s th at can hel p y ou deter mi ne code qual i ty an d heal t h i s st ati c code anal y si s. B y
choo si n g st an dar ds f or th e w ay y our code sh oul d be w r i tt en and th en usi ng a t oo l to assess th i s
adher ence, y ou can au to mat i cal l y r em ov e a pl et hor a of i ssues bef or e they ev er get pu t i n f r on t of a
test er o r user .