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Title: The Shapley Value of Phylogenetic Trees

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9 views2 pages

Title: The Shapley Value of Phylogenetic Trees

Uploaded by

weichengen1999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Chengen Wei

Class: Distribution AI

Date: 10/2//23

Title: The Shapley value of phylogenetic trees

The main hypothesis of the paper is that the Shapley value, a solution concept for

cooperative games, can be applied to phylogenetic trees to quantify the average marginal

diversity that each species brings to a group. The authors suggest that the Shapley value can

be used as a ranking criterion for prioritizing species in biodiversity preservation

efforts..(Hypothesis, result)

The paper provides a mathematical analysis of the Shapley value on tree games, where the

players are represented by the leaves of a phylogenetic tree and the value of a coalition is the

total weight of the subtree spanned by the members of the coalition. The authors determine

the linear transformation that shows how the Shapley value depends on the edge weights of

the tree and compute a null space basis that allows for varying the edge weights without

changing the Shapley value. They also characterize the Shapley value on tree games by four

axioms, which is a counterpart to Shapley's original theorem on cooperative

games.matrices.(summary,distribution)

I agree with the premise of the paper that the Shapley value can be applied to phylogenetic

trees to measure the contribution of each species to the diversity of a group. The authors

provide a clear explanation of the concept and its potential application in the field of

biodiversity preservation. However, I have a problem with the paper's thesis that the Shapley

value is the most important solution concept for n-player cooperative games. While the

Shapley value is certainly an important and widely used solution concept, there are other

solution concepts that are also widely used and have their own merits. For example, the
Banzhaf power index and the nucleolus are also commonly used solution concepts for

cooperative games.Furthermore, the Shapley value is the unique imputation vector that

satisfies four "fairness" criteria. While it is true that the Shapley value satisfies these criteria,

it is not the only solution concept that does so. For example, the nucleolus also satisfies these

criteria. Additionally, the paper could benefit from a discussion of the computational

complexity of calculating the Shapley value for tree games. The authors mention that they

compute the Shapley value on small trees, but it would be interesting to know if there are any

known algorithms or heuristics for efficiently computing the Shapley value on larger trees.

From this paper, I learned about the concept of the Shapley value in cooperative game

theory and its application to phylogenetic trees. The Shapley value is a solution concept that

assigns a value to each player in a cooperative game, based on their contributions to different

coalitions. In the context of phylogenetic trees, where the players are species and the

coalitions represent subsets of species, the Shapley value can be used to measure the average

marginal diversity that a species brings to any group. Furthermore, the paper suggests a

biological interpretation for the Shapley value in the context of biodiversity preservation. It

proposes that the Shapley value can be used as a ranking criterion to prioritize species for

preservation, based on their contributions to the overall diversity of a group. Overall, this

paper provides interesting insights into the application of game theory concepts to the

analysis of phylogenetic trees and sheds light on the potential use of the Shapley value in

biodiversity research.

Citation: Haake, C-J., Kashiwada, A., & Su, F. E. (2008). Mathematical biology. Journal
of Mathematical Biology, 56(3), 479-497. DOI: 10.1007/s00285-007-0126-2.

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