Photoelectric

Effect, X-Ray &

Atomic Structure
By

AMIT SHARMA
9836442104
=> Light is Collection
of
packets Photons'
energy called
-

properties Photons
* of
- Photon is
Energy of each

If
given by :
v=

** c
=
xf
E he
h ⑰
=
=
-
-

EM wave spectrum
I

-rayFrag Pr neise ,tricat Radio

waves waves
-
Y

34
f Ed
EX
 Photon in Vacuum
2) speed of
is "C"

3) Photon has zero Rest mass

-
-

zero rest mals particles donot

mechanics
obey Newtonian -
-

=> for Zero rest mass particles ,

Linear momentum (), is given
by
***

p =

E ==
Can created or
) photons be

Can be des
troyed
=
Mo

F
m =
⑪
Rest

Mo-Relt mas ⑰
M
my
a
mass particle when its speed
=
m
mo =

m(z = 0

E hi
= =
ze

ne
E
=

ex
-
-
8d ,
/
-

i
-
-
3 Ger
.

=
El
-

13 6er
= 4) (- 6)
3 13 13 6 34
.

2 40
.
=
10
- .
. -
= :

E -
=

nC
nC
=

no T
-

--

LE =
d
-
-

=
#
 * Relat" in betor" E &d

**
n =
6 626
.

x 1034

photon
E gf energy of a

is liger , find its

d
-

⑭
(6 626x1531)(3x10%
.
8

19 x [1 6 x 105] =
:
=

↓
3
By
=

(12042375x157]x +gm
(12423 75xio) +gm x
= .
 ↓ =

15
**

12450-
↓ (in A
=

Energy (in erf

**

=
(in ev)
Energy
in as

r Im
 - ⑪ev

S
*Work function
Co)
Minimum amount of energy required
a valence electron to leave
by the body

Scoutiny
the
of
conductor
-
 function Cs is
= Work for
smallest

ger

CsF En =
coser

-a E
,
Day

to
>
-
calculatio

gmp
results &

formula
= hi =25e

Fe
 to ↓ T
Field Photoelectric
thermionic
emission
-
Emissi emission
-

find maxm possible value

eg
X
.
.

q
d which can Carry
out
photoelectric emission in

S : To
Carry out photoelectric
emission,

Energya photon >/ Pcs

-
-
loger
#
↓ A gen
 we know that

↓ (in A) = 14
E(iner)

⑮to will be

6526A
⑳↓ = 6526A0 called wavelength
St C Threshold
d
-
=
v fre
⑮Or/EM wave

not
Ent
Radi

6526A
 treinhold fre
⑮ -

E
·
Y E

⑭
they
& I
E &
***
⑮
where ,
Threshold
Do is
freg
.

T
Photoelectric
For
emission , ⑭do
 * Photoemissive Call
monochromatic
Scr of light
Transparenta ⑪
evacua 65
,

versel E

&

:
J

~
Metallic
wire

(Anode) -

Cathude -
I

Coating of Ezer
Alkali metals 01
·
ger
T

⑳p 2 4-1
.

9 = 0 .
5 er
~
.
= -
-
 KE
g hi-0
.

o I
Photoelectrons

Kmar=no >
-
 * Photoemissive Call
monochromatic
Scr of light
Transparent ⑪
evacuated 65
,

versel E

&

⑭
↓
Space Cha
⑭ I
Conducting
wire
-
 * Photoemissive Call
monochromatic
Scr of light
Transparent ⑪
evacuated 65 ,

versel E

7
&

⑭
.
 current
I
M
Saturation

curette
PD
-
. Y
apply
- .
-

Current
=>
will reach its

saturation value, when,

the rate at which electrons

at anade is
arriving
are

equal to cate
the at which

photoelectrons are
Coming at
 Cathode
q -
- Potential
* stoping -

Transparent ⑪
evacuated 65
,

versel E

& + -

⑭
j

for
 nI

"
Stopping
Potential -

-
of battery is connected such

that anode is at lower potential,

then, electrons get retarted .

So , now less no
electrons
of
will arrive at anode
, resulting
less current V is
in .

If
further increased, I will decrease
more and more.

* :
Sapping Potential
If V applied
is such that, even the e-

mar
with KE is
just unable to

reach at the anode, then

I becomes This V is
ze0 .

Potenla
Called
Stopping
=> To Calculate StoppingPotential

= ]
,
=> work done
by battery
one

Whatt
=
G <V = (e) Vo
K
I
=
WE Wital
Applying -

1- Ki
Wbattery
=
 ze) V = 0- Kmac

we know that : NO - @
KmasE

(e) v = -

(hi 0]
-

we also know
that
where Go is threshold freg.

ze) vo =
-

[ho-n00]
-

ev = -

n(0 Vr]-

***
Vo = (0-10) y =

2)
Where , y =
m(x
 Vo -
Stopping Potential

Or > threshold Greg

6 -
free &
Incident light
Graph ve f
of
Stopping
Poto Vo &

- m
=
tanp =
A

(O
Fre
·

do5cm
Sieger (Thre hhod a