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Biography of Muhammad

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Biography of Muhammad

document

Uploaded by

uroojaamir05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‘‫يم‬

ِ ‫ٱلر ِح‬
ّ ‫ٱلرحْ ٰم ِن‬ ِ ّ ٰ ‫ِبس ِْم‬
ّ ‫ٱَلل‬

BIOGRAPHY OF MUHAMMAD ‫ﷺ‬

Name : Kareema Qudoos


Roll : Arch-23-10
Submitted to : Arch Waleed Mujataba
Birth Of Rasool ‫ﷺ‬
The year, month, date, and day of birth of Prophet Muhammad are
subject to some differences, as in the case of other ancient figures. This is
because such records were not available in ancient times, nor was there a
systematic method of collecting such data at the governmental level.
Prophet Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca, located in the Arabian
tooPeninsula, where tribal systems were prevalent. People generally
disliked writing and preferred oral tradition, but remembering and
honoring lineage was important to them. Prophet Muhammad’s birth is
commonly believed to have occurred on the 12th of Rabi’ al-Awwal,
though there are variations, with some preferring the 9th or the 17th
according to Shia tradition. According to the Gregorian calendar, Qazi
Muhammad Suleman Mansoor’s research suggests April 22, 571 CE,
while Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah suggests April 20, 571 CE. Generally,
Muslims around the world celebrate his birthday on the 12th of Rabi’ al-
Awwal, organizing gatherings, processions, and other ceremonies. In
many countries, this day is a public holiday.

CHILDHOOD
Muhammad was born around the year 570 CE to the Banu Hashim clan
of the Quraysh tribe, one of Mecca’s prominent families. His father,
Abdullah, died almost six months before Muhammad was born.
According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad was sent to live with a
Bedouin family in the desert, as desert life was considered healthier for
infants. Muhammad stayed with his foster mother, Halimah bint Abi
Dhuayb, and her husband until he was two years old. At the age of six,
Muhammad lost his biological mother, Amina, to illness and was raised
by his paternal grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, until he died when
Muhammad was eight. He then came under the care of his uncle Abu
Talib, the new leader of Banu Hashim While still in his teens,
ADULTHOOD
Muhammad accompanied his uncle on trading journeys to Syria, gaining
experience in commercial trade, which was the only career open to him as
an orphan. Islamic tradition states that when Muhammad was either nine
or twelve, while accompanying a caravan to Syria he met a Christian
monk or hermit named Bahira, who is said to have foreseen Muhammed’s
career as a prophet of God. Little is known of Muhammad during his later
youth; available information is fragmented, and it is difficult to separate
history from legend. It is known that he became a merchant and “was
involved in trade between the Indian ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.”
Due to his upright character during this time, he acquired the nickname
“al-Amin,” meaning “faithful, trustworthy,” and “al-Sadiq,” meaning
“truthful.

MARRIED TO HAZRAT KHADIJA


Muhammad worked as a trader for Khadija, a widow, until he married her
in 595 CE at the age of 25. The marriage lasted for 25 years and was
reported to be a happy one. Muhammad relied upon Khadija and did not
enter into a marriage with another woman during his first marriage. After
Khadija’s death, Khawla bint Hakim suggested that Muhammad that
should marry Sawda bint Zama, a Muslim widow, or Aisha, daughter of
Um Ruman and Abu Bakr of Mecca. Muhammad is said to have asked
for arrangements to marry both.

PERIOD OF REVELATION
The first seven verses of Surah Al-Muddaththir were
revealed during the early period in Makkah. These verses
were among the earliest revelations to the Holy Prophet
(peace be upon him). However, it’s important to note that
there is some debate about whether these verses or the first
five verses of Surah Al-Alaq (Chapter 96) were the
absolute earliest revelations. Authentic traditions indicate
that after the initial Revelation, there was a pause before
further revelations resumed. During this intermission, the
Prophet (peace be upon him) absorbed the impact of the
experience and prepared mentally for his prophetic
mission. When the revelation resumed, the first seven
verses of Surah Al-Muddaththir were revealed. These
verses instructed the Prophet to arise and warn people
about the consequences of their way of life, emphasizing
purity and sincere reform. The rest of the Surah (verses 8-
56) was revealed later, on the occasion of the first Hajj,
after the Prophet began openly preaching Islam¹. The
Surah addresses various themes, including cleanliness,
patience, and the difficulties faced by those who deny
Allah’s revelations and oppose His cause. It also highlights
actions that lead to the hellfire, such as neglecting Salah,
not feeding the poor, wasting time in vain talk, and
denying the Day of Judgment. The historical context
reveals the challenges the Prophet faced while spreading
the message of Islam, especially during the Hajj season
when he interacted with pilgrims from various parts of
Arabia.
Then the angel Gabriel embraced him tightly and then
revealed to him the first lines of chapter 96 of the Qur’an,
“Read: In the name of Allah Who created, (1) Created
man from a clot. (2) Read: And Allah is the Most
Generous, (3) Who taught by the pen, (4) Taught man
that which he knew not.”

The Hijra In 622 CE


The Hijra is the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca
to Medina, 320 kilometers (200 miles) north, in 622 CE. Muhammad
instructed his followers to emigrate to Medina until nearly all of them left
Mecca. According to tradition, the Meccans, alarmed at the departure,
plotted to assassinate Muhammad. In June 622, when he was warned of
the plot, Muhammad slipped out of Mecca with his companion, Abu
Bakr.
• As Islam spread in Mecca, the ruling tribes began to oppose
Muhammad’s preaching and his condemnation of idolatry.
• The Quraysh tribe controlled the Kaaba and drew their religious and
political power from its polytheistic shrines, so they began to
persecute the Muslims and many of Muhammad’s followers became
martyrs.
• When Muhammad’s wife Khadijah and uncle Abu Talib both died
in 619 CE, Abu Lahab assumed leadership of the Banu Hashim clan
and withdrew the clan’s protection from Muhammad.
• In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Yathrib in the
Hijra to escape persecution, renaming the city Medina in honor of
the prophet.
• Among the first things Muhammad did to ease the longstanding
grievances among the tribes of Medina was draft a document known
as the Constitution of Medina.

BATTLES THAT RASOOL ‫ ﷺ‬FOUGHT


The Most Important Battles in Islam are:

1. Battle of Badr.
2. Battle of Uhud.
3. Battle of Khandaq(Trench); Also known as Battle of Ahzaab.
4. Battle of Hunayn.
5. Battle of Conquest of Makkah.
6. Battle of Khaybar.
7. Battle of Mut’a.

A Deep Dive into His Final Days in Medina and His


Everlasting Legacy

In the heart of Medina, the beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon


him) was nearing his final earthly moments. As the question, how did
Prophet Muhammad died, resonates in the minds of many, this article
endeavors to provide a timeline, drawing from authentic sources and
narrating those transformative moments in Islamic history. IQRA’s seerah
course offers an even deeper exploration of these events
The Farewell Sermon: Eternal Words on Mount Arafat
When discussing how did Prophet Muhammad died, we cannot skip his
monumental farewell speech. It was on the scorching plains of Arafat that
he delivered a sermon that would be echoed for centuries. Addressing a
multitude, his words were a timeless edict on justice, equality, and the
importance of upholding the sanctity of life. Each word was meticulously
chosen, guiding not just those present, but generations to come. To delve
deeper into the intricacies of this sermon, check out IQRA’s detailed post
on Prophet Muhammad’s Farewell Speech.
Rabiʻ I 13, 11 AH as Prophet Muhammad neared his end, ‘A’ishah
cradled him. He used a tooth-stick with ‘A’ishah’s help. As his end
came, he murmured prayers and expressions of faith. He passed away
on a Monday, at 63 years of age.

The Immortal Legacy: An Ummah Inspired


While Prophet Muhammad’s physical presence ceased, his teachings
continued to illuminate the path for billions. The inquiry of how did
Prophet Muhammad died isn’t merely a query about his passing but a
contemplation of his impactful life. His teachings, leadership, and
personal example remain an inspiring beacon.

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