L_DE_1

Learning
(Differential Equation)
Name of the Student: _______________________________
1. Find the order and the degree (if defined) of each of the following differential
equations
(i) y" + 3y' + 2y = 0 (ii) y' 2 – sin2y = 0
(iii) (y")2 + cos y = 0 (iv) y"' + 2(y")2 – y' + y = 0
(v) y = siny' (vi) yv + y2 + e y' = 0.
(vii) y' = 3x + 5

2. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves

(i) y = a cos(x + b); where a, b are arbitrary constants.
(ii) y = (c1 + c2) cos (x + c3) - c 4 e x +c ; where c1, c2, c3, c4, c5 are arbitrary constants.
5

(iii) y 2 = 2c(x + c ), c  0 ; where c is an arbitrary constant.

(iv) (a + bx)ey/x = x ; where a, b are arbitrary constants.
(v) ax2+by2 = 1; where a, b are arbitrary constants.
Also find their order and degree.

3. Which of the followings are linear differential equations? Also find their order and
degree.
(i) y" + y = 0 (ii) yy' + 1 = 0 (iii) y" + yy' + y2 = 0

4. Find a one-parameter family of solutions of each of the following differential

equations:
(i) eydx + exdy = 0 (ii) (x – 1)y' = 2x3y
(iii) sec2x tan y dx + sec2y tan x dy = 0 (iv) dy + (x + 1) (y+1) dx = 0
−x
(v) y' = , y  0.
y

5. Solve the following initial value problems and find the corresponding solution-
curves.
(i) y' = y tan x, y (0) = 1, (ii) 5y = 2xy', y (1) = 1
2
(iii) y' + 2y = 0, y (1) = 1

(iv) sinx cosy dx + cosx siny dy = 0, y(0) = .
4
6. Show that each of the following differential equations is homogeneous and find a
primitive of each of them.
(i) xy' - y + x sin   = 0 (ii) 2yex / y dx + (y − 2xe x / y ) dy = 0
y
x
(iii) ydx + x ln dy − 2xdy = 0
y y y
(iv) y cos ( xdy − ydx) + x sin ( xdy + ydx) = 0
 x x x

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
 L_DE_2

y  y 
(v) x sin dy =  y sin − x dx (vi) (xy - y2)dx - x2dy = 0, y(1) = 1
x  x 
(vii) 2xy + y2 - 2x2y' = 0, y(1) = 2

7. Solve:
dy y dy
(i) + = ex (ii) (x + y) =1
dx x dx
(iii) yeydx = (y3 + 2xey)dy, y (0) = 1
d( xy )
(iv) (1 + tany) (dx - dy) + 2xdy = 0 (v) y+ = x (sin x + ln x )
dx
(vi) x(1 - x2) dy + (2x2 y - y - 5x3) dx = 0.

(vii) xy' + y = x cosx + sinx , y   = 1.
2
= (x + 1)2
dy 2 y
(viii) −
dx x + 1
x 2 + y2 + 1
8. Solve : (i) y' + y tanx = y3 sec x (ii) y' =
2xy
dy
(iii) sin y = cos y (1 – x cos y).
dx

9. (i) Determine the equation of the curve passing through the origin, in the form
dy
y = f(x), which satisfies the differential equation : = sin (10x + 6y).
dx
(ii) Solve the differential equation : (x2 + 4y2 + 4xy)dy = (2x + 4y + 1) dx.
(iii) Solve the differential equation : (3x + y – 5) dy = 2 (x + y – 1) dx.

2 2

(i) x  + ( y − x )  − y = 0 (ii)   + y = x 2 + xy

dy dy dy dy
10. Solve :
 dx   dx   dx  dx
2 2

(iii) xy   − x 2 + y2
dy
(
dy
)
+ xy = 0 (iv)  dy 
  −x
dy
+ y=0
 dx  dx  dx  dx
2

(v)  x − y  + 4 = 0
dy dy dy dx
(vi) y = x +
 dx  dx dx dy
dy  dy 
2
dy   dy 2 
(vii) x + y = x4  (viii) 2 y = x   + 4 
dx  dx  dx   dx  
 
2
(ix) y = y  + 2x 
dy dy
 dx   dx 

11. Solve : (i) (x2 – 4xy – 2y2) dx + (y2 – 4xy – 2x2)dy = 0

y y 
(ii) ycos . (xdy – ydx) + x sin (x dy + ydx) = 0, y(1) =
x x 2
(iii) (2xcosy + 3x2 . y) dx + (x3 – x2 sin y – y ) dy = 0

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
 L_DE_3

12. Solve the following primitive integral equations:

(i) (x2 + y2)dy = xydx, y(1) = 1; also find y( 3e).
(ii) ydx + y2dy = xdy, x R, y > 0, y(1) = 1, also find y(-3).
2 + sin x dy 
(iii) . = -cosx, y(0) = 1, also find y 
y +1 dx 2
dy
(iv) (1 + t) − ty = 1 , y (0) = -1, also find y(1).
dt

13. (i) The slope of the tangent at each point of a curve is equal to the sum of the
coordinates of the point. Find the curve that passes through the origin.
(ii) A curve y = f(x) passes through the point P(1, 1). The normal at P is
a(y - 1) +(x - 1) = 0. If the slope of the tangent at any point on the curve is
proportional to the ordinate of the point, determine the equation of the curve.
(iii) A curve passes through (2, 0) and the slope of tangent at point P(x, y) is
( x + 1) 2 + y − 3
equal to . Find the equation of the curve.
( x + 1)

14. (i) A curve C has the property that if the tangent at any point P on C meets the
co-ordinate axes at A and B, then P is the midpoint of AB. The curve passes
through the point (1, 1). Determine the equation of the curve.

(ii) A curve passing through the point (1, 1) has the property that the
perpendicular distance of the origin from the normal at any point P of the
curve is equal to the distance of P from the x-axis. Determine the equation of
the curve.
(iii) Let y = f(x) be a curve passing through (1, 1) such that the triangle formed
by the coordinate axis and the tangent at any point of the curve lies in the
first quadrant and has area 2. Find the equation of all such curves.
(iv) A curve in the first quadrant is such that the area the triangle formed by
x−axis, a tangent to point P and OP is 2. If the curve passes through (1,1),
find the curve.
(v) A curve passing through the point (1, 1) has the property that the triangle in
the first quadrant, formed by tangent at any point P, the x−axis and the
radius vector of P has area 2.Find the curve.

(vi) Find the shape of a reflector passing through (4, 3) such that light coming
from a fixed source at the origin is reflected in parallel rays which are || to
the x-axis.

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
 L_DE_4

(vii) Find the curve passing through  ,  for which the tangent at any point P of
1 3
 2 8
it bisects the angle between the ordinate at P and the line joining P to the
origin.

(viii) Find a curve such that the segment of its tangent at any point of the curve,
between the coordinate axes is of unit length.

(ix) Find a curve such that the tangent to which at any point forms, on the axes,
segments, whose sum is 2.

(x) Find the curve such that the segment of a normal contained between the axes
is of unit length.
15. (i) A right circular cone with radius R and height H contains a liquid which
evaporates at a rate proportional to its surface area in contact with air
(proportionality constant k > 0). Find the time after which the cone is empty.
(ii) A hemispherical tank of radius R is full of water and has an outlet of cross-
sectional area 'a' at the bottom. The outlet is opened at some instant. The
flow through the outlet is according to the law v(t) = k h ( t ) , where v(t) and
h(t) are respectively the velocity of the flow through the outlet and the
height of water level above the outlet at time 't', and k ( > 0) is a constant.
Find the time it takes to empty the tank.
(iii) A country has current food deficit of 10%. Its population grows
continuously at a rate of 3% per year. Its annual food production every
year is 4% more than that of the last year. Assume that the average food
requirement per person remains constant. Find the time it will take to make
the country self-sufficient in food.

(iv) A patient has to take ‘n’ tablets each of dose D, one at a time, at regular
interval of time T each. The rate of dissolution of the medicine inside the
body at any time is directly proportional to the amount of medicine in
undissolved form at that point of time. The proportionality constant is a
positive quantity k . Find the amount of medicine in undissolved form that
will remain inside the body just after the nth tablets is taken.

(v) Let a vessel contain a volume 400 l of a solution with concentration 'C' at
time 't'. Let a solution with constant concentration 1g/l enter the vessel at a
constant rate 4 l/min and after mixing thoroughly with the solution in the
vessel, let the mixture with concentration 'C' leaves the vessel at constant

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
 L_DE_5

rate 4 l/min so that volume remains constant. Initial concentration in the

1
vessel is g /  .
4
a) Express C in terms of t and trace the curve C versus t.
b) Find the time it will take for concentration of in the vessel to be
1
g/l .
2

(vi) A and B are two separate reservoirs of water. Capacity of reservoir A is

double that of reservoir B. Reservoirs are filled completely with water; their
inlets are closed and then water is released simultaneously from both
the reservoirs. The rate of flow of water out of each reservoir at any instant
of time is proportional to the quantity of water in the reservoir at that time.
One hour after the water is released, the quantity of water in reservoir A is
1.5 times the quantity of water in reservoir B. After how many hours do both
the reservoirs have the same quantity of water?

(vii) An insect starts moving from the origin A(0, 0) and enters the first quadrant
of the x-y coordinate plane. It moves under the rule cosec  = y 2 + 1 at
3

every point (x, y) of its path where  is the acute angle between its path and
the ordinate at point (x, y) in the first quadrant. Find the equation for the
trajectory of the insect .

(viii) A tank contains 100 l of fresh water. A solution containing 1g/l soluble
chemical runs into the tank at the rate of 1 l/min, and the mixture is pumped
out at the rate of 3 l/min. Find the time when the amount of the chemical in
the tank is maximum.

(ix) If as a result of passing through a 3 m thick layer of water the initial quantity
of light is half absorbed, what portion of this quantity will reach the depth of
30 m? The quantity of light absorbed during the passage through a thin layer
of water is proportional to the thickness of the layer and the quantity of light
received by its surface.

(x) Nuclei of a radioactive element A are being produced at a constant rate .

The element has a decay constant . At time t = 0, then are N0 nuclei of the
element.
a) Calculate the number N of nuclei of A at time ‘t’.
b) If  = 2N0, calculate the limiting value of N as t → .

(xi) A body originally at 80o C cools down to 60oC in 20 minutes the

temperature of the air being 40oC. What will be the temperature of the body
after 40 minute from the original?

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
 L_DE_6

(xii) The bottom of a vertical cylindrical vessel with height H and cross-sectional
area S is provided with a small circular hole with area A at bottom. The hole
is covered with a diaphragm. The vessel is completely full of water. At time
t = 0 the diaphragm starts open, area of the hole being proportional to the
time, the hole opens completely during T. Find the height of water at t = T.

(xiii) A particle of mass 10-2kg is moving along the positive x-axis under the
influence of a force F(x) = -k/(2x2) where k = 10-2 Nm2. At time t = 0, it is
at x = 1 m and its velocity is v = 0.
a) Find its velocity when it reaches x = 0.5 m
b) Find the time at which it reaches x = 0.25 m.

(xiv) A cylindrical solid of mass ‘M’ and cross-sectional area ‘A’ is moving
along its axis (the x-axis) with a uniform speed u in the positive direction. At
time t = 0 its front face passes the plane x = 0. The region to the right of this
plane is filled with stationary dust particles of uniform density ‘’. When a
dust particle collides with the face of the cylinder, its sticks to its surface.
Assuming that the dimension of the cylinder remains practically unchanged,
and that the dust sticks only to the front face of the cylinder, find the x-
coordinate of the front of the cylinder at time t. Assume that product of mass
and speed at any time remains constant.



Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com
 L_DE_7

ANSWERS:
2 3
x + x 2 + 2x
4. -x
(i) e + e = c-y
(ii) y = c (x − 1) 2
,e 3 ,x1 (iii) tanx . tany = c
(v) x2 + y2 = c2.

1 1
5. (i) y = secx (ii) y = |x|5/2, x  0 (iii) y = (iv) cosxcosy =
2x − 1 2

y x y
6. (i) x tan =c (ii) 2ex/y +  n|y| = c. (iii) 1 + n = cy (iv) xy sin =c
2x y x
y x 2x
(v) cos = n x + c (vi) y = (vii) y =
x nx + 1 1 − nx

7. (i) xy = (x – 1)ex + c, x  0 (ii) x + y + 1 = cey (iii) x = y2(e-1 – e-y)

10. (iv) x2 = 4y, y = cx – c2 (v) xy = 1, y = 2c – c2x (vii) 4x2y + 1 = 0, xy – c2x + c = 0

1 1
12. (i)  e (ii) 3 (iii) (iv) −
3 2

13. (i) y = -x – 1 = ex (ii) y = ea(x – 1) (iii) y = x2 – 2x

14. (i) xy = 1 (ii) x = 1, x2 + y2 = 2x (iii) xy = 1, x + y = 2. (iv) x (v) xy + y2 = 2
(vi) y = 2x + 1, y2 = -18x + 81
2
(vii) x2 = 1 – 2y, 16x2 = 1 + 8y
, (y − x − 2) = 8 x
x y 2c 2
(viii) x2/3 + y2/3 = 1, + =1 (ix) y = cx +
cos  sin  c −1

14R 5 / 2 n 0.9 ( ).
D 1 − e −nkT
15. (i) H/k (ii)
15ak
(iii)
0.03 − n1.04
(iv)
(1 − e )− kT

3 3 n 2 x4
(v) (a) c = 1 − e − t / 100 ; 2 (b) 100n min . (vi) (vii) y =
4 2 4 256
n
3
7
(viii) 27 min .
9
(ix)
1
1024
(x) (a) N =


( )
1 − e − t + No e − t (b) 2No. (xi) 50oC

M (M + 2 A ut ) − M
2
  
(xi)  H − 2g AT  (xiii) (a) -1 (b) +
3
. (xiv) x = .
 4S  3 4 A
 

Ranchi (Lalpur) :7th Floor, Hari Om Towers, (Opp. Women’s College, Arts Block), Circular Road, Ranchi, Ph : 0651- 2563187/88/89/90.
Ranchi (SOP, Doranda): Samriddhi Complex, Ground Floor, Near St. Xavier’s School, South Office Para Doranda, Ranchi.
Corp. off. : FIITJEE House 29-A, Kalu Sarai, Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi – 16. Ph : 46106000/10/13/15, Toll Free No. 1800114242.
Fax : 011-26513942, Web:www.fiitjee.com