Indian Institue of Technology 1

CourseNo:MD1001

CourseName:Mechanics for Medical Scientists

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:To introduce the concepts of mechanics in a mathematical setting and expand to apply for
physiological systems

CourseContent:Mathematical Background, One dimensional continuum mechanics – kinematics of motion

and strain, balance laws and stress measures, Mechanical behaviour of tissues, bones etc., Theory of beams,
plates and shells, Rigid body kinematics and rigid body dynamics

TextBooks:1. Yohan Payan and J. Ohayon, Biomechanics of living Organs, Academic Press, 2017 2. Jay
Humphrey and Sherry L.O’Rourke, An introduction to biomechanics, Springer, 2004

ReferenceBooks:1. Y.C. Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of living tissues, Springer, 1981

Prereqisites:

CourseNo:MD1002

CourseName:Hierarchical Structure of the Human Body

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:To enumerate the six levels of structural organization of the human body

CourseContent:The Organization of the human body Biomolecules: General structure overview of – a)

carbohydrates; b) lipids; c) proteins; d) Enzymes – nomenclature, classification and mechanism of action; e)
Amino acids structure and classification; single letter and triple letter code Cellular level Organisation – Cell
Structure and functions – membrane proteins, cytoplasm and Organelles, Nulceus, protein synthesis, cell
growth and cell death, cellular differentiation. Structure of Plasma Membrane Cellular strucrure in the cells
of human body – nerve cell, blood cells, retinal rod cells etc Bioenergetics and metabolism overview: Energy
concepts, Thermodynamics of phosphate compounds (Phosphoryl-transfer reactions, High energy compounds
and biological energy transducers (ATP, NADH, NADPH, FADH, CoASH), ATP cycle, structural basis of free
energy change during hydrolysis of ATP. Nernst equation and Redox-potentials. Metabolic concepts –
overview of metabolism, classical subdivisions of metabolism, metabolic pathways. Tissue level Organization –
types of tissues and its functions – epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve tissue Organ level organisation
and organ systems of the body

TextBooks:1. Lauralee Sherwood, Human Physiology – from Cells to Systems , Cenage Learning, 2016 2.
Saladin K.S., Anatomy and Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2018

ReferenceBooks:1. Rod Philips el al., Physical Biology of the Cell, Garland Science, 2013

Prereqisites:
 Indian Institue of Technology 2
CourseNo:MD1003

CourseName:Mathematical Foundations for Medical Scientists

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:To lay the foundation for mathematical modelling in medicine.

CourseContent:Highlights of linear Algebra – Matrix multiplication and solving linear equations, vector
spaces and subspaces, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors Numerical differentiation ODE –
Classification and examples, solution of linear time -invariant ODEs, convolution integral and Laplace
Transform Methods Numerical Solution of ODEs Partial differentiation and examples of PDEs The course will
have a practical session (e.g. numerical methods, solvers) of three hours a week

TextBooks:1. G. Strang, Introduction to linear algebra, (6th edition), Wellesley – Cambridge Press, 2016 2.
L.V. Fausett, Applied Numerical Analysis using MATLAB, Pearson, 2009 3. E. Kreyzig, Advanced Engineering
Mathematics,

ReferenceBooks:1. Jospeh Distefano III, Dynamic Systems Biology Modelling and Simulation, Academic
Press, 2013 2. C. Cobelli, E. Carson, Introduction to modeling in physiology and medicine, 2nd Edition,
Academic Press, 2019

Prereqisites:

CourseNo:MD2001

CourseName:Software Skills for Medical Scientists

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:To develop software skills for the students that are relevant to the discipline

CourseContent:Concepts of Object Oriented Analysis and Design Programming fundamentals - Python

Programming in UNITY, SLICER, image processing and Visualization of medical images (e.g., by using ITK
and VTK) Software skills in a mathematical software The course will have a practical session of three hours a
week

TextBooks:1. B. Dathan and S. Ramnath, Object – Oriented Analysis, Design and Implementation, Second
Edition, Springer, 2015 2. H. Ferrone, Learning C# by developing games with UNITY

ReferenceBooks:

Prereqisites:
 Indian Institue of Technology 3
CourseNo:MD2002

CourseName:Introduction to Anatomy

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:To teach various modern methods of visualization techniques for medicine To introduce various
imaging modalities in medical imaging To introduce normal adult and paediatric anatomy as visualised in
medical images To bring out the normal imaging appearance of the structures and their relationships on
planar radiographic, ultrasound, CT, MRI images To teach location, recognition and description of anatomical
surface landmarks and relate this to the normal anatomical relationship of the structures of each region
Virtual reality, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality in medical visualisation

CourseContent:Introduction of overall anatomical structure of the body Acquisition of medical image data –
x-ray imaging, CT, MRI and Ultrasound Sectional Anatomy of cranium, facial bones and brain using CT, MRI
(T1 and T2 weighted) and CTA and MRA of the cerebral arteries, CT venogram, cranial nerve system. Spine –
Vertebrae, ligaments, muscles, spinal cord and nerve roots using CT, MRi and 2D X-ray Imaging of the neck •
Imaging of the thorax with detailed imaging of the heart and vasculature using CT, MRI, CTA and MRA •
Introduction to echocardiography Imaging of the abdomen – liver, spleen, gallbladder and biliary system,
pancreas, intestine and urinary system Imaging of the pelvis, upper and lower extremity

TextBooks:1. Denise L. Lazo, Fundamentals of Sectional Anatomy, An Imaging Approach, Cengage Learning,
2015 2. Lorrie L. Kelley and Connie M. Peterse, Sectional Anatomy for Imaging Professional, Elsevier, 2018

ReferenceBooks:3. Jean Francios, J. Jorge, D.S. Lopes, Digital Anatomy, Springer, 2021 4. Spratt, J.D.,
Salkowski, l.R., Loukas, m. Turmezi, T., Weir, J. Abrahms, P.H., Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy, Elsevier,
2021

Prereqisites:

CourseNo:MD2003

CourseName:Fluid Mechanics for Physiology

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:To introduce the concepts of fluid mechanics as it is applied to physiology

CourseContent:Fluid as a continuum, state of stress and fluid motion in physiology –Conservation laws –
Navier – Stokes equation, Bernoulli equation, first and second law of thermodynamics, introduction to heat
transfer in physiology Anatomy of blood vessels, arterial wall mechanics, blood cells and plasma, blood
rheology, blood flow in arteries and veins, wave propagation in arterial system, flow separation, turbulent
flows in physiological systems, pulsatile flow - Wormersley flow Physiology of microcirculation – arterioles and
local control, capillaries and mass exchange, heat transfer in microcirculation, lymphatic system – lymph
physiology and lymphatic flow Measurement of pressure and flow in physiological system Pressure
measurement - indirect measurement, direct – intravascular and cathetertransducer measuring system Flow
measurement – indicator dilution method – Fick technique, dye dilution, thermodilution, electromagnetic flow
meters, doppler flow meter Vascular Pathologies

TextBooks:1. David A. Rubenstein et al., Biofluid Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Academic Press, 2022 2. L. White,
Biofluid Mechanics in Cardiovascular System, McGraw Hill, 2006

ReferenceBooks:C. Vlaschoppulos, Micheal O’Rourke and W. W. Nichols, McDonald’s Blood Flow in

Arteries, 6th edition, CRC Press, 2012

Prereqisites:
 Indian Institue of Technology 4
CourseNo:MD2004

CourseName:Electrical Circuits and Bioelectricity

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:1 To introduce to the electrical circuits, and analysis of the circuits, and software tools for the
same 2. To understand the sources of bioelectric and magnetic signals and their biomedical applications

CourseContent:Basic concepts – electric current, voltage etc. Ohms law, Kirchhoff laws, Delta – Wye
conversion Analysis methods – Nodal analysis, mesh analysis, source transformation, Thevenin – Norton
equivalent circuit Operational Amplifier based circuits Volume source and volume conductor – homogeneous
volume conductor – inhomogeneous volume conductor – modelling of volume source and volume conductor
Introduction to source field models and their applications to physiology Lead vector – definition – examples –
and applications to ECG Magnetic fields and Bio magnetic measurements Introduction to electromyogram –
electrical activity of muscle – surface EMG and its spectral analysis – modelling intramuscular EMG
Laboratory will have electrical and electronics experiments reiterating the theoretical understanding.

TextBooks:1. Boylestad, R, Introductory Network Analysis, 12th Edition, Pearson, 2013 2. Keskin, A.U.,
Electrical Circuits in biomedical Engineering, Springer, 2017 3. Plonsey R., Barr R.C., Bioelectricity A.
Quantitative Approach. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. 4. L. Sornmo and P. Laguna, Biomedical Signal
processing in cardiac and neurological applications, Elsevier, 2005 5.J. Malmivuo, and R. Plonsey,
Bioelectromagnetism, OUP, 1995

ReferenceBooks:

Prereqisites:
 Indian Institue of Technology 5
CourseNo:MD1004

CourseName:Medical Biochemistry

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:1. To understand the biochemistry of human body fluids 2. To learn the disorders of carbohydrate,
protein and lipid metabolism 3. To appreciate enzymology and disease associated with it 4. To acquire knowledge
on organ specific biochemical tests 5. To understand the significance of nutritional biochemistry in human health

CourseContent:Introduction to medical biochemistry, Scope of clinical biochemistry Biochemistry of body fluids

– Blood, Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva, sweat,
tears and urine Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism – Diabetes Mellitus, Galactosemia, Glycogen storage
diseases, hereditary fructose intolerance, Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, mucopolysaccharidoses. Disorders
of protein metabolism – Phenylketonuria, Maple syrup urine disease, Homocystinuria, Tyrosinemia, Alkaptonuria,
Lysomal storage disorders. Protein folding disorders - Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's
disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's disease, Spinal muscular dystrophy, Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis, Transthyretin amyloidosis. Disorders of lipid metabolism - Hyperlipidemia,
Hypercholesterolemia, Familial hypercholesterolemia and Familial combined hyperlipidemia, lipoprotein lipase
deficiency, Tangier disease, abetalipoproteinemia. Purine metabolism disorders – Lesch- Nyhan syndrome,
adenosine deaminase deficiency, X – linked agammaglobulinemia, Hyperuricemia and gout. Pyrimidine
metabolism disorders – Orotic aciduria, Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, 5- fluorouracil toxicity,
Tyrosinemia type 1. Enzyme classification and nomenclature, enzyme kinetics and mechanism of enzyme action.
Clinical significance of the following enzymes - transaminases (ALT & AST), creatine kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, aldolase, amylase, lactase, lipases, Glucose -6-
phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, choline esterase. Overview of organ specific tests. Cardiac
function – Troponin, creatinine kinase (CK), myoglobin, natriuretic peptides (BNP, NT – proBNP). Kidney
function - creatinine, urea, electrolyte balance, filtration rate, glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Liver function –
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin. Bone health – ALP, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25,
hydroxyvitamin D. Pancreas – Glucagon, insulin, c-peptide, blood glucose Gastrointestinal function – Fecal occult
blood, stool tests for fat, stool tests for reducing substances, stool tests for parasites Inflammatory markers – C –
reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Interleukin – 6, Interleukin – 1 beta, Tumor
necrosis factor alpha, white blood cell count (WBC) Lung Health – Spriometry, Diffusion capacity of the lungs for
carbon monoxide (DCLO), Arterial blood gases (ABG), Bronchodilator response test, serum surfactant protein D
(SP-D). Brain Health – Neurofilament light chain (NfL); Amyloid-beta (Aβ); Tau protein, Homocysteine, S100B,
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Complete blood profile Nutritional Biochemistry: Fat soluble vitamins
– general characteristics, classification, vitamin storage in the human body, daily requirements, avitaminoses,
coenzyme Q, stigmasterol. Water soluble vitamins – Vitamin B complex, Vitamin C, Choline, Inositol, Para-
aminobenzoic acid, Alpha – lipoic acid, Carnitine, Bioflavanoids, Vitamers (Isotels). Essential trace elements –
Iron, Zinc, iodine etc., and their functions in the body; dietary sources of trace elements; factors affecting
absorption and utilization of trace elements trace elements deficiency and diseases. Recommendations for daily
intake of fat and water soluble vitamins and trace elements. Vitamin and essential minerals deficiency disorders.
Enzyme assays – ALT, AST, Creatinine kinase Blood glucose levels, HbA1c measurement, complete lipid profile,
Electrolyte analysis – sodium, potassium and chloride levels in blood. RFT and LFT, Thyroid function tests,
vitamin analysis – vitamin B12 and folate. Calcium and phosphate measurement in blood. Blood haemoglobin,
transferrin and ferritin

TextBooks:Title – Medical Biochemistry. Authors: John W. Baynes and Marek H. Dominiczak. 7th Edition, 2020.
ISBN: Hardcover: 978-0-7020-7317-1; eBook ISBN: 978-0-7020-7318-8 Title: Biochemistry for Medical
Professionals. Author: Michael W. King. 2nd Edition, 2017; Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN:
Hardcover: 978-1284104993, eBook ISBN: 978-1284104993 Title: Clinical Biochemistry: An Illustrated Colour
Text. Authors: Allan Gaw, Michael J. Murphy, and Rajeev Srivastava. 7th Edition, 2020; Publisher: Churchill
Livingstone. ISBN: Hardcover: 978-0702073663, eBook ISBN: 978-0702077456

ReferenceBooks:Title: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. Authors: Robert K. Murray, Dale A. Granner, Peter A.
Mayes, and Victor W. Rodwell. 31st Edition, 2020; Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education; ISBN: Hardcover:
978-1260543270; eBook ISBN: 978-1260543362 Title: Principles of Biochemistry; Authors: Albert L. Lehninger,
David L. Nelson, and Michael M. Cox. 7th Edition, 2020; Publisher: W. H. Freeman. Hardcover: 978-1464187974;
eBook ISBN: 978-1464187981

Prereqisites:
 Indian Institue of Technology 6
CourseNo:MD1005

CourseName:Mathematical Modelling in Physiology and Medicine

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:1. To teach a framework for physiological system modelling 2. To expose the students to solve
mathematical models using scientific software 3. To introduce fundamental concepts of dynamical systems

CourseContent:Physiological complexities and need for models Mathematical models in physiology,

Examples of physiological models Static Analysis , time domain analysis , frequency domain analysis Stability
analysis of systems, e.g. biosystem stability and biocontrol systems State Space representation Compartment
models in physiology, distributed models Structural identifiability – Parameter estimation, modelling and
identifiability Sensitivity Analysis fundamentals – Global sensitivity, Sobel etc Case studies and examples from
physiology

TextBooks:1. Jospeh Distefano III, Dynamic Systems Biology Modelling and Simulation, Academic Press,
2013 2. C. Cobelli, E. Carson, Introduction to modeling in physiology and medicine, 2nd Edition, Academic
Press, 2019 3. Physiological control systems: Analysis, simulation, estimation, second edition, Wiely, 2018

ReferenceBooks:1. Jerry J. Batzel et al. , Mathematical Modeling and validation in Physiology, Springer 2012

Prereqisites:
 Indian Institue of Technology 7
CourseNo:MD2005

CourseName:Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:1. To introduce basic principles of medical microbiology, clinical –immunology and –pathology. 2. To
appreciate the principles and application of microscopy in microbiology and pathology. 3. To teach basic biology of
bacteria, virus, fungi and other parasitic pathogens related with human diseases. 4. To understand the role of the immune
system in the development of immune-mediated diseases, including allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency
disorders. 5. To provide an understanding about the pathogenesis of human diseases caused by various pathogens.

CourseContent:Microbiology and pathology i) History of microbiology, General Pathology – history and principles of
pathology, Microscopic pathology Bacterial and Viral Pathology – i) General structure of bacteria and virus ii) Mechanism of
bacterial and viral pathogenesis – an overview iii) Bacterial pathogens and the diseases – Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,
Neisseria, Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Salmonella and Shigella). Campylobacter,
Helicobacter. Vibro cholera, Clostridia (spore-forming anaerobic bacteria), Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria. Brucella,
Hemophilus species, Treponema, Leptospira, Legionella, Chlamydia and mycoplasmas iv) Basic Pathogenesis of specific
virus families’ relevance to human diseases – Coronaviridae, Adenoviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Herpesviridae, Reoviridae,
Retorviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picornaviridae & Togaviridae Fungal Pathology – i)
classification, structure, and function of fungi, fungal pathogenesis, and the host response to fungal infections, including
aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis. Parasitic Pathology - i) classification, parasitic pathogenesis, and the host
response to parasitic infections. Major medically important protozoa and associate diseases – Leishmania, Plasmodium
malaria, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trypanosomes, Entamobea histolytica. ii) Emerging Infectious
Diseases: recent advances in the understanding of newly emerging infectious diseases, including SARS, MERS, and
COVID-19. Immunology/Immuno-pathology i) Introduction to Immunology, structure and function of Immune system ii)
Innate Immunity: Toll-like receptors, complement system, phagocytosis. iii) Acquired Immunity: T and B cell immunity,
humoral and cell-mediated immunity, antibody structure and function. Passive Immunity and immune evasion strategies. B.
S. in Medical Sciences and Engineering Curriculum, IIT Madras Page 16 iv) Antigens and Antigen Presentation: antigen
processing and presentation, Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, T cell receptor (TCR) structure and
function. General structure of antibodies, antigen- antibody reactions. v) Immune Tolerance: central and peripheral
tolerance, self-tolerance mechanisms, regulatory T cells. vi) Immunological Disorders: autoimmune diseases, immune-
deficiencies and allergies – including mechanisms of allergy, type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, atopic diseases and food
allergies. vii) Vaccines: Types of vaccines, vaccine development and production, vaccine efficacy and safety. viii)
Immunotherapy – cancer and infectious diseases. Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or
targeted therapy. ix) Transplantation Immunology: mechanisms of transplant rejection, tolerance induction, and
immunosuppression. Introduction to - i) Hematology: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, anemias, leukemias,
coagulation disorders. ii) Clinical Cytology: Pap smears, fine-needle aspiration, bronchial and urinary cytology, flow
cytometry. iii) Transfusion Medicine: blood typing, cross-matching, compatibility testing, transfusion reactions, and
transfusion transmitted infections. iv) Introduction to histology, Immunohistochemistry, bacterial, viral, fungal and cancer
cell culture, tissue culture, biopsy, autopsy, flow cytometry. Practical (pathology/microbiology labs in hospital) 3 credits i)
Sample collection from humans, transport of specimens, isolation of bacteria, virus and fungi from clinical specimens. ii)
Microscopy: light and electron microscopes to examine tissues and cells, and to identify the structures and features of cells
and tissues; including endocrine tissue morphology, normal and abnormal morphology of liver, heart and kidney. iii)
Histology: preparation of tissue specimens for microscopic examination, including embedding, sectioning, and staining
techniques; including tumor tissues. iv) Immunohistochemistry: Antibodies and molecular b

TextBooks:1. Title: Prescott's Microbiology. Authors: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood, Chris Woolverton. 10th edition,
2019. Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN: 9781260299180 2. Title: Text book of Microbiology. Authors: R
Ananthanarayan, CK Jayaram Paniker and Reba Kanungo. 11th edition, 2020. Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.. 3. Title:
Essential Clinical Immunology. Authors: Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney, Sir Graham Steven, and Trevor Lawley. 6th edition
2015, publisher - John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 9781118442708. 4. Title: Immunology. Editors: David Male, Victoria Male, and
Ray Stokes Peebles. 2020, Publisher: Elsevier. ISBN: 9780702078446 5. Title: Rapid Review Microbiology and Immunology.
Authors: Ken S. Rosenthal & Michael J Tan y. 3rd Edition, 2010. Publisher Mosby; ISBN Number – 9780323069380 6. Title:
Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (Robbins Pathology). Authors - Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster.
10th edition, 2020; Publisher: Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0323531139.

ReferenceBooks:Title: Medical Microbiology. Authors - Patrick R. Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, and Michael A. Pfaller. 9th
edition, 2020, Publisher – Elsevier. ISBN - 9780323673228. 2. Title: Medical Microbiology. Authors - David Greenwood,
Richard CD., Slack, John Forrest Peutherer. 16th edition,1992. ELBS with Churchill Livingstone. 3. Title: Clinical
Immunology: Principles and Practice. Authors - Robert R. Rich, Thomas A. Fleisher, William T. Shearer, Henry M.
Lederman, Michael F. Fanger, and Annette L. Baumeister. 3rd edition, 2018. Publisher – Elsevier. ISBN: 9780323552071.
4. Title: Kuby Immunology. Authors: Judy Owen, Jenni Punt, and Sharon Stranford. 8th edition, 2018; Publisher: W. H.
Freeman and Company. ISBN: 978-1319114701. 5. Title: Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. Author: Simon
Cross. Edition: 6th, 2017; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN: 9780702051348 6. Title: Rapid Review Pathology. Author:
Edward F. Goljan. 4th edition, 2019. Publisher: Elsevier. ISBN: 9780323528707

Prereqisites:
 Indian Institue of Technology 8
CourseNo:MD5005

CourseName:Cardiovascular & Respiratory Mechanics & Hemodynamics

Credit Distribution: C: L: T: P: E: O: TH:

Course Type:

Description:1. To introduce cardiac and respiratory mechanics 2. To familiarise the students with the
diseases of the heart and lungs 3. To impart knowledge of devices and therapies

CourseContent:Anatomy and physiology of the heart – Cardiovascular system, electrical activity of the heart,
ECG and its interpretation Cardiac muscle mechanics, function & cycle, Neurohumoral control of the heart.
Wave travel and reflection, heart as a pump, Ventriculo-Arterial coupling, arterial and pulmonary
hemodynamics. Mathematical Modelling of the circulatory system Respiratory physiology and mechanics of
respiration, alveolar – capillary exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, control of respiration.
Mathematical models in respiratory mechanics Diseases of the heart and lungs. Diagnostic measurement tools
Familiarising with Devices and therapies – pharmacotherapy, cardiac ablation and arrhythmias, cardiac
pacemakers, surgical interventions, LVADS and ECMO The student will spend half a day per week in the
hospital

TextBooks:1. Nocolas Westerhof et al., Snapshots of hemodynamics, Springer, 2019 2. Richard E. Klabunde,
Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts, Lippincot, Willims & Wilkins, 2005

ReferenceBooks:1. Paul A. Iaizzo, Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology and Devices, Springer, 2009

Prereqisites: