These networks can learn from examples and apply them when a similar event arises,

making them able to work through real-time events.

Even if a neuron is not responding or a piece of information is missing, the network
can detect the fault and still produce the output.
They can perform multiple tasks in parallel without affecting the system performance

13.
AI PROJECT CYCLE
What is the purpose of getting AI Ready?
The world is changing with each day and we have huge data coming our way. The
purpose of getting AI ready means taking steps to collect data around relevant
systems, equipment, and procedures; and storing and curating that data in a way that
makes it easily accessible to others for use in future AI applications.
OR
The purpose of getting AI ready specifies the responsible and optimum use of huge
amount of data around us to create and implement into such systems and applications
which should make life of future generations more organized and sustainable. This
process may lead to better lives for mankind.

14. What are the different types of sources of data from where we can collect
reliable and authentic datasets? Explain in brief.
Data can be a piece of information or facts and statistics collected together for
reference or analysis. Whenever we want an AI project to be able to predict an output,
we need to train it first using data There could be many ways and sources from where
we can collect reliable and authentic datasets namely Surveys, Web scrapping,
Sensors, Cameras, Observations, Research, Investigation, API etc.
Sometimes Internet is also used to acquire data but the most important point to keep
in mind is that the data should be taken from reliable and authentic websites only.
Some reliable data sources are UN, Google scholar, Finance, CIA, Data.gov etc.

Four (04) Mark Questions

1. Explain the AI Project Cycle in detail.

The steps involved in AI project cycle are as given:
The first step is Scope the Problem by which, you set the goal for your AI project by
stating the problem which you wish to solve with it. Under problem scoping, we look
at various parameters which affect the problem we wish to solve so that the picture
becomes clearer
Next step is to acquire data which will become the base of your project as it will help
you in understanding what the parameters that are related to problem scoping.
Next, you go for data acquisition by collecting data from various reliable and authentic
sources. Since the data you collect would be in large quantities, you can try to give it a
visual image of different types of representations like graphs, databases, flow charts,
maps, etc. This makes it easier for you to interpret the patterns in which your acquired
data follows.
After exploring the patterns, you can decide upon the type of model you would build to
achieve the goal. For this, you can research online and select various models which
give a suitable output.
You can test the selected models and figure out which is the most efficient one.
The most efficient model is now the base of your AI project and you can develop your
algorithm around it.
Once the modelling is complete, you now need to test your model on some newly
CBSE Question Bank AI Class 10 Chapter 3 AI Project Cycle 5
 fetched data. The results will help you in evaluating your model and hence improving
it.
Finally, after evaluation, the project cycle is now complete and what you get is your AI
project.

2. Explain the relation between data size and model performance of an Artificial
Neural Network.
The basis for any kind of AI development is BIG DATASET. The performance of any AI
based application depends on the data supplied
ANN models are also known as Learning models and are used for prediction purposes.
These are mostly developed without paying much cognizance to the size of datasets
that can produce models of high accuracy and better generalization. Although, the
general belief is that, large dataset is needed to construct a predictive learning model.
To describe a data set as large in size, perhaps, is circumstance dependent, thus, what
constitutes a dataset to be considered as being big or small is somehow vague.
In fact, the quantity of data partitioned for the purpose of training must be of good
representation of the entire sets and sufficient enough to span through the input
space. It must be authentic and relevant to give better model performance.

3. Draw the 4Ws problem canvas and explain each one of them briefly.
The 4Ws problem canvas is the basic template while scoping a problem and using this
canvas, the picture becomes clearer while we are working to solve it.
a) Who:
indirectly due to it?
and what you know about them. Stakeholders are the people who face this problem
and would be benefitted with the solution.
b) What: e on hand. At this
stage, you need to determine the nature of the problem. What is the problem and how
do you know that it is a problem?
c) Where: In this block, you need to focus on the context/situation/location of the
problem. It will help you look into the situation in which the problem arises, the
context of it, and the locations where it is prominent.
d) Why:
from the solution and how would it benefit them as well as the society.

4. Differentiate between rule-based and learning-based AI modelling approaches.

Rule Based Approach: It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns
in data are defined by the developer. The machine follows the rules or instructions
mentioned by the developer, and performs its task accordingly.
For example, suppose you have a dataset comprising of 100 images of apples and 100
images of bananas. To train your machine, you feed this data into the machine and
label each image as either apple or banana. Now if you test the machine with the image
of an apple, it will compare the image with the trained data and according to the labels
of trained images, it will identify the test image as an apple. This is known as Rule
based approach. The rules given to the machine in this example are the labels given to
the machine for each image in the training dataset.
Learning Based Approach: In this approach, the machine learns by itself. It refers to
the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are not defined by the
developer. In this approach, random data is fed to the machine and it is left on the
CBSE Question Bank AI Class 10 Chapter 3 AI Project Cycle 6
 machine to figure out patterns and trends out of it. Generally, this approach is followed
when the data is un labelled and too random for a human to make sense out of it.
For example, suppose you have a dataset of 1000 images of random stray dogs of your
area. You would put this into a learning approach-based AI machine and the machine
would come up with various patterns it has observed in the features of these 1000
images which you might not have even thought of!

5. What is an Artificial Neural Network? Explain the layers in an artificial neural

network.
Artificial Neural Network: Modeled in accordance with the human brain, a Neural
Network was built to mimic the functionality of a human brain. The human brain is a
neural network made up of multiple neurons, similarly, an Artificial Neural Network
(ANN) is made up of multiple perceptrons.
A neural network consists of three important layers:
Input Layer: As the name suggests, this layer accepts all the inputs provided by the
programmer.
Hidden Layer: Between the input and the output layer is a set of layers known as
Hidden layers. In this layer, computations are performed which result in the output.
There can be any number of hidden layers
Output Layer: The inputs go through a series of transformations via the hidden layer
which finally results in the output that is delivered via this layer.

6. What is the need of an AI Project Cycle? Explain.

Project cycle is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and finally
developing a project effectively throughout its phases, from planning through
execution then completion and review to achieve pre-defined objectives.
Our mind makes up plans for every task which we have to accomplish which is why
things become clearer in our mind. Similarly, if we have to develop an AI project, the AI
Project Cycle provides us with an appropriate framework which can lead us towards
the goal.
The major role of AI Project Cycle is to distribute the development of AI project in
various stages so that the development becomes easier, clearly understandable and
the steps / stages should become more specific to efficiently get the best possible
output. It mainly has 5 ordered stages which distribute the entire development in
specific and clear steps: These are Problem Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data
Exploration, Modelling and Evaluation.

7. Explain the following:

a. Supervised Learning b. Unsupervised Learning
Supervised learning is an approach to creating artificial intelligence (AI), where the
program is given labelled input data and the expected output results.
OR
Supervised learning is a learning in which we teach or train the machine using data
which is well labelled that means some data is already tagged with the correct answer.
After that, the machine is provided with a new set of examples (data) so that
supervised learning algorithm analyses the training data (set of training examples)
and produces a correct outcome from labelled data.

CBSE Question Bank AI Class 10 Chapter 3 AI Project Cycle 7

 OR
In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is labelled. It
means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. In other words, we can
say that the dataset is known to the person who is training the machine only then
he/she is able to label the data.
Unsupervised Learning: An unsupervised learning model works on unlabeled
dataset. This means that the data which is fed to the machine is random and there is a
possibility that the person who is training the model does not have any information
regarding it. The unsupervised learning models are used to identify relationships,
patterns and trends out of the data which is fed into it. It helps the user in
understanding what the data is about and what are the major features identified by the
machine in it.
OR
Unsupervised learning is the training of a machine using information that is neither
classified nor labelled and allowing the algorithm to act on that information without
guidance. Here the task of the machine is to group unsorted information according to
similarities, patterns and differences without any prior training of data.

8. Differentiate between classification and clustering algorithms with the help of

suitable examples.
Classification is a process of finding a function which helps in dividing the dataset into
classes based on different parameters. In Classification, a computer program is trained
on the training dataset and based on that training; it categorizes the data into different
classes. The task of the classification algorithm is to find the mapping function to map
the input(x) to the discrete output(y).
Example: The best example to understand the Classification problem is Email Spam
Detection. The model is trained on the basis of millions of emails on different
parameters, and whenever it receives a new email, it identifies whether the email is
spam or not. If the email is spam, then it is moved to the Spam folder.
Regression is a process of finding the correlations between dependent and
independent variables. It helps in predicting the continuous variables such as
prediction of Market Trends, prediction of House prices, etc. The task of the
Regression algorithm is to find the mapping function to map the input variable(x) to
the continuous output variable(y).
Example: Suppose we want to do weather forecasting, so for this, we will use the
Regression algorithm. In weather prediction, the model is trained on the past data, and
once the training is completed, it can easily predict the weather for future days.
OR
Classification is the process of finding or discovering a model (function) which helps in
separating the data into multiple categorical classes. In classification, the group
membership of the problem is identified, which means the data is categorized under
different labels according to some parameters and then the labels are predicted for the
data.
Regression is the process of finding a model or function for distinguishing the data into
continuous real values instead of using classes. Mathematically, with a regression
problem, one is trying to find the function approximation with the minimum error
deviation. In regression, the data numeric dependency is predicted to distinguish it.
The Regression analysis is the statistical model which is used to predict the numeric
data instead of labels. It can also identify the distribution movement depending on the
available data or historic data.
CBSE Question Bank AI Class 10 Chapter 3 AI Project Cycle 8
 OR
Key Differences between Classification and Regression
The Classification process models a function through which the data is predicted in
discrete class labels. On the other hand, regression is the process of creating a model
which predicts continuous quantity.
The classification algorithms involve decision tree, logistic regression, etc. In contrast,
regression tree (e.g. Random forest) and linear regression are the examples of
regression algorithms.
Classification predicts unordered data while regression predicts ordered data.
Regression can be evaluated using root mean square error. On the contrary,
classification is evaluated by measuring accuracy.

9. Five sustainable Development Goals are mentioned below. Write 2 problems under
each goal that you think should be addressed for achieving the goal.
a. Quality Education
b. Reduced Inequalities
c. Life on Land
d. No Poverty
e. Clean Water and Sanitation

a. Quality Education:
i. Providing education remotely, leveraging hi-tech, low-tech and no-tech approaches;
ii. Ensure coordinated responses and avoid overlapping efforts;
iii. Ensuring return of students to school when they reopen to avoid an upsurge in
dropout rates.

b. Reduced inequalities:
i. Reduction of relative economic inequalities inequality in some countries having
poorest and most vulnerable communities.
ii. Improving the situations in countries with weaker health systems.

c. Life on Land:
i. Prevention of Deforestation caused by humans and restoration of land
ii. Preventions and cure of diseases that are transmissible between animals and humans

d. No Poverty
i. Creation of Strong social protection systems to prevent people from falling into
poverty
ii. Reduction of social exclusion, and high vulnerability of certain populations to disasters
and diseases.
iii. Responsible distribution of resources.
CBSE Question Bank AI Class 10 Chapter 3 AI Project Cycle 9
 e. Clean Water and Sanitation
i. To increase access to clean drinking water and sanitation mostly in rural areas
ii. Managing our water sustainably to manage our production of food and energy.

10. Do ethics in AI hamper data acquisition stage? Justify your answer.

Data acquisition is the most important factor or stage as the entire project
development is based on the acquired data. There are several ethical issues which
must always be considered when planning any type of data collection.
We need to understand that the data which is collected is ethical only if the provider
agrees to provide. For example, in case of smartphone users, data is collected by
clicking on allow when it asks for permission and by agreeing to all the terms and
conditions. But at the same time if one does not want to share his/her data with
anyone then this ethical issue hampers the acquisition process and lowers the
accuracy or amount of data required for development.
Hence Regardless of the type of data collection, it is absolutely necessary to gain the
approval of the community from which the data will collected otherwise.

CBSE Question Bank AI Class 10 Chapter 3 AI Project Cycle 10