Group one member Submitted : Mr.

Hawultu

1. Ayine Ayale
2. Elias Biramo
3. Kakusha PROCESS DEPRATMENT

Raw Water
2ND WEEK treatment 2.Addis
INTERNSHIP SyrupAbaba
preparation
Coca cola
REPORT3. Waste
plant inWater
lidetatreatment
2024
 1. Raw Water treatment; Raw water treatment is a critical process in coca cola factory
since water is the main ingredient for the production of soft drinks. Coca cola factory
Addis Ababa plant use raw water from underground. Still now 10 bore holes were used,
now there are eleventh bore hole is working , it works automatic and it contain 100,000
meter cube. From bore hole it is pumped by bore holes pump and it store in Raw Water
tank. That raw water must pass through series sequential treatment mechanism before
usage. The company uses ground water for:
a. To produce soft water
b. To produce treated water (RO)
c. To produce reject water
Rejected water is comes from Raw water tank and after treated water (RO) and it is used for:
1. Sanitation water
2. Crate washer
3. Floor cleaning
4. Irrigation
5. Fire line

A. Reverse Osmosis (RO) OR Treated water

There are number of steps to treat raw water into RO. The first steps is pre-treatment and
chemical are add in tank to settling the flocculent particles to gate the required turbidity and
to increase the PH by decreasing the alkalinity of water, to agglomerate/stick together the
particles and also to kill micro-organisms the company uses different chemicals. Those
chemicals are:
Lime or calcium hydroxide to increase PH of raw water. Since the concentrate beverage is
acid.
Ferrous sulfate to agglomerate/make particles size large by sticking together through
collision.
Calcium hypochlorite granular or chlorine is used as a disinfectant/to kill Pathogens,
Bacteria in the water.
First 16Kg lime mix with water for 30 min then 0.65KgFeSO4 and 0.8KgCa (OCl)2 added to
it then mix for 10 min in the chemical mixing tank, finally enter in to batch settling tank
which contains 100m3 of water and circulate with water up to 50 min for homogenization
and to facilitate the formation of flocculent , Finally allowed to settle 10-12 hrs. After this
some amount of water is rejected and the other is going to next steps or dosage of chlorine
and pass to sand filter or multimedia filter. Water pumped in to sand filter on the top and the
treated one removed at the bottom of the vessel. Inside sand filter vessel filled by sands based
on size increasing order from top to bottom. This arrangement is suitable for back wash
process. Suspended particles, most limes, sands, mud filtered in the sand filter and the treated
water store in the semi treated tank. This type of filtration is physical separation. The water
that stores in the semi treated water tank also uses for the Back wash of Activated carbon and
sand filter.
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER
Under this vessel there is activated carbons has a capacity to adsorb chlorine, odors or
coloured substances. After some time the ability to trap the unwanted things becomes
decrease. This removal ability knows by measuring the chlorine amount after Activated
carbon. Then the activated carbons washed /back wash/, when back wash applies the dirt/the
unwanted things removed from activated carbon. Steam (80°c-100°c) is used to regenerate
the activated carbon in every 3 month.
There are two main activation methods:
Steam activation: steam activation is carried out using steam at temperatures of between 80
and 100 degree celsius. At this temperature an instant water- gas reaction occurs, gasifying
the carbonized material. Air then introduced to burn out the gasses, without burning the
carbon. This process produces graded, screened and de- dusted form of activated carbon.
Carbon activated by steam generally has a fine pore structure.
Chemical activation: With chemical activation the carbon is first filled with a power full
dehydrating agent, typically a paste form of phosphoric acid (P2O5) or zinc chloride
(zncl2).The paste is heated to temperatures between 50 and 80 degree Celsius to activate the
carbon. Chemical activation produces activated carbon with a very open pore structure,
making it more suitable for adsorbing large molecules.
POLISH FILTER OR RO TREATMENT
It is a final treatment step. This filter filters very fine suspended particles and carbon.first the
water comes from the Activated carbon and pass through micro special filter membranes
which having 20 micrometer in diameter, which filters the carbon that come from the
Activated carbon and store in break tank .After this it dosage of chemical is called anti
scalant to the line and it pass to R0#3 and it filter the left particle. And it store in the
tank .Those treated water sent to:
Syrup preparation room/simple and final
Blending
Filler
CIP
RGB production line 1, 3, 5
Factors which affect the ability to do work of polish filter፡
 Water turbidity
 Water flow rate
 Available filtering areas
 The amount of carbon
B. WATER SOFTNER
The raw water from the reservior is pumped in to the softener tank. In softener tank an ion
exchange process takes place. Water softener means that a process of removing minerals that
makes water hard. Thus are Mg, Ca ions .In the factory we have three stage softeners, we use
interchangeably, when one reaches maximum it is going to regenerate by non-iodized salt.
250 kg Salt by 1200 L is mix and solution is formed and the others do. Inside softeners tank
there is 95Kg of resins/zeolite. Because of this resin the mineral that makes water hard from
the water being attached /adsorbed on the surface of resins.

During the reactions since alkali metals are more active than alkaline earth metals; Mg and
Ca are displaced from their carbonate compound by Na to form Na2CO3. Na2CO3 does not
have an effect on the hardness of water. This reaction takes place when raw water passes
through an adsorbent raised. Those Na2CO3 produced due to reaction as you see has no
effect on the hardness of water. The reduction of hardness of water as time increase decrease.
We stop the reaction when the resin reaches maximum then regenerate the resin for the next
process.

The softened water stored on a temporary break tank. Finally the softener water transferred in
to different rooms:
Washer room
Boiler room
Chiller room
Cooling room

2.SYRUP PREPARATION
Syrup is a nearly saturated aqueous solution of sugar such as sucrose in water, with or
without medicinal or flavouring ingredients.
When the syrup contains some added medicinal substances, it is called medicated syrup.
Flavoured syrup is one which is not medicated but contains flavoured substances, and it
is used as flavoured vehicle.
It is important that the concentration of sucrose approach but not quite reach the
saturated point.
In dilute solution, sucrose provides an excellent nutrient for many microorganisms.
Its concentrated solution on the other hand, retards their growth. However, a saturated
solution may lead to crystallization of a part of the sucrose under conditions of changing
temperature
Syrup is thick, viscous liquid consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water
containing large amount of dissolved sugar. Syrup preparation starts from simple sugar
dissolving tank and ends in final syrup tank. There are two types of syrups.
 Simple syrup: it is the solution of treated water and granular sugar. The solution
prepared in the simple syrup room.
 Final syrup: it is the solution of simple syrup and beverage concentrate bases. The
solution prepared in the final syrup room.
SUGARS USED IN PREPARING SYRUPS:
Sucrose:
It is a disaccharide which undergoes hydrolysis to give the monosaccharides dextrose
(glucose) and levulose (fructose).
 Simple syrup preparation process describes as bellow:
1. Water stored in simple sugar dissolving tank (4040L) circulates through shell and
tube heat exchanger to attain 82 degree Celsius using steam to dissolve the sugar. In
order to prevent evaporation of the solution the temperature is not greater than
82.This temperature is also used to kill microorganisms in the solution.
2. For one unit preparation 7000kg of granular sugar manually add on the feed Hooper.
The sugar from the Hooper immersed into flowing hot water through venture tube.
When the mixture of sugar and hot water passes through venture tube, the sugar start
to dissolve because of the pressure difference created by venture tube which results
turbulence of the flowing fluid. And send to sugar dissolving thank.

3. Sugar and hot water mixture from sugar dissolving tank circulates again through
heater using pump. This compromise the temperature drops due to the addition of sugar
and to prevent the settling of sugar in the solution. After finishing the addition of sugar
the solution recirculate through shell and tube heat exchanger at least 10 minutes for
properly dissolve the sugar.

4. Balancing tank adjust pressure developed from dissolving tank before the solution
was sent to the bag filter. The pressure of the solution must be adjusted in order to filter
the solution properly.

5. The solution was sent to the bag filter in order to remove the impurities. After
removing the impurities the filtrate passing through the plate and frame heat exchanger
to lower the temperature of dissolved sugar. First using water from cooling tower it
reduces from 82 degree celsius to 40 degree celsius, and the water from the chiller
reduce from 40 degree celsius to 25 degree celsius . Then temporary stored in simple
syrup storage tank. The brix value is checked and it must be 61 – 62.

Final syrup preparation process describes as bellow:

 1. The beverage concentrate base of each type is added part by part to avoid foam
formation with their proportion in to concentrate dumping tank. Then the concentrate
passes through a sieve to the final syrup tank. The sieve uses to remove impurities
create during adding concentrates into the dumping tank. The beverage concentrate
bases for each type of soft drink added separately in the concentrate dumping tank
based on the instruction of mixing .Each concentrate base has different parts that
contribute different color, flavor rand tests to the beverage.
2. The concentrate and simple syrup pumps to the final syrup tank then mix them by
using circulating pump. By check brix value of the final syrup and add water to the
final syrup up to its brix becomes example for coca cola 54.85 after this we send to
mixer/blender section. The final syrup can be stored for 7 days in the final syrup
storage tank, but after 7 day the sucrose may invert to monosaccharide glucose and
fructose.

3.Waste water treatment

Waste water treatment includes;

1, physical treatment is separation of large particle from water for example; filter,
screening

2, chemical treatment is use chemical to adjust PH, to adjust Alkality. For example
chemical use in most Addis Ababa antifoam, H2SO4, FeClO2

3, biological treatment is make environment suitable for micro organisms, which treat left
waste for example: Micro

Waste water sources: 1. Syrup

2. Bottle Washer

3. Boiler

4. Line 1,3,5

5. Rinsing water

There is a hole that have sieve (screening hole) that remove large particle then flow through
channel called grid channel.

This channel is used to: settle particle

decrease water speed

Oil Skammer is used to remove small particle(scum).

There are 3 small tanks:

 Sulfuric acid tank is use to purification, reduce PH and coagulation.

 Ferric chloride tank is use to precipitation
 Nutrient tank use as food for micro-organism
Before enters into PP (pumpyton hole) the PH is between 8 – 14(base).

The sulfuric acid is added into PP hole until the PH is less than 8.1 this is checked by PH sensor.

There are two pumps (A & B) transfer water from PP hole to equalizer tank have capacity of
1404m3.

Even if the PH is not less than 8.1, there is also PH sensor in equalization tanker.

In Equalization tanker blower mix the waste water for 4 hours, settle for 1 hour and transfer for 1
hour. Then it spilt into sludge and water.

Blowers are used to mix and transfer into tanker for micros.

Blower works by HP oil and have 3 categories:

--- Maximum

--- Optimum

--- Minimum

There are 4 blowers:

1, Equalization blower
2, SBR1 blower

3, SBR2 blower

4, Reserviour blower

Sludge tank

Store coagulate from 3 tanks

Belt Press

It is used to solidify the coagulate from sludge tank and recycle the water.

Polymer is added to increase dryness of sludge

Laboratory tests

1, SV (sludge volume)

2, SVI (sludge volume index)

3, DS (dry substance)

We take sample as blow for 30 minutes

SV (active) > 250ml

SV (passive) < 250ml

Equalization tanker 100 – 150ml

If it is greater than 150 transfer to sludge tanker.

If it is less than 100 add from tanks

Both SBR1 and SBR2 tanker 400 – 500ml

SVI = SV/DS = 100

If it is not100 we increase operation, more than 4 hours.

DS = ((mT – mF) * kf ) / Sv

mT = total mass after dry sludge in dry oven

mF = filter mass