1

Weekly-04 [B] (Solve Sheet)

wm‡jevm: gnvKl© I AwfKl© + †gŠ‡ji ch©vqe„Ë ag© I ivmvqwbK cwieZ©b + e„Ë
c~Y©gvb: 400 Set-01 mgq: 2 NÈv

1. x + 2y – 10 = 0 †iLvi Dci †K›`ªwewkó GKwU e„Ë (3, 5) I (6, 4) [The length of the tangent drawn from the point (h, k) to the
we›`y `yBwU w`‡q AwZµg K‡i| e„ËwUi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| circle x2 + y2 = 12 is twice the length of the tangent drawn to
2 2
[Determine the equation of a circle that has its center on the the circle x + y + 5x + 5y = 0. Determine the equation of
line x + 2y – 10 = 0 and passes through the points (3, 5) and the locus of the point (h, k).]
mgvavb: (h, k) we›`y †_‡K x2 + y2 = 12 A_©vr x2 + y2 – 12 = 0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z
(6, 4).]
mgvavb: Lwjdvi wbqgvbymv‡i awi, (3, 5) I (6, 4) we›`yMvgx e„‡Ëi ¯úk©‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ = h2 + k2 – 12 Ges (h, k) we›`y †_‡K x2 + y2 + 5x
mgxKiY, + 5y = 0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z ¯úk©‡Ki ˆ`‡N©¨i = h2 + k2 + 5h + 5k
cÖkœg‡Z,
(x – 3)(x – 6) + (y – 5)(y – 4) + k{(x – 3)(5 – 4) – (y – 5)
(3 – 6)} = 0 h2 + k2 – 12 = 2 h2 + k2 + 5h + 5k
 h2 + k2 – 12 = 4(h2 + k2 + 5h + 5k)
 x2 – 9x + 18 + y2 – 9y + 20 + k(x – 3 + 3y – 15) = 0
 3h2 + 3k2 + 20h + 20k + 12 = 0, hv wb‡Y©q mÂvic‡_i
 x2 + y2 + (– 9 + k)x + (– 9 + 3k)y + 38 – 18k = 0 ....(i) mgxKiY| [10 marks]
[3 marks]
9 – k  9 – 3k 4. g~jwe›`y †_‡K x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 9 = 0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z ¯úk©K `yBwUi
(i) e„ËwUi †K›`ª  , x + 2y – 10 = 0 †iLvi Dci
 2 2  AšÍf©y³ †KvY wbY©q Ki|
Aew¯’Z| [Determine the angle between the two tangents drawn from
9–k 9 – 3k the origin to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 9 = 0.]
2
+2.
2
= 10 mgvavb: x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 9 = 0 ................(i)
 9 – k + 18 – 6k = 20
e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (3, 2) Ges e¨vmva© = 9 + 4 – 9 = 2 [2 marks]
awi, g~jwe›`y (0, 0) w`‡q AwZµgKvix ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY y = mx
 – 7k = – 7
A_©vr mx – y = 0
k=1 [3 marks] e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (3, 2) †_‡K G ¯úk©‡Ki j¤^ `~iZ¡ e¨vmva© 2 Gi mgvb n‡e|
k Gi gvb (i) G ewm‡q cvB, |3m – 2|
x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 38 – 18 = 0 =2
2 2
m2 + 1
x + y – 8x – 6y + 20 = 0 (Ans.) [4 marks]  (3m – 2)2 = 4(m2 + 1)
 9m2 – 12m + 4 = 4m2 + 4
2. g~jwe›`yMvgx GKwU e„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki hv 3y + x = 20 †iLv‡K  5m2 – 12m = 0
¯úk© K‡i Ges hvi GKwU e¨v‡mi mgxKiY y = 3x|  m(5m – 12) = 0
12
[Find the equation of a circle that passes through the origin,  m = 0, [4 marks]
5
touches the line 3y + x = 20, and has one of its diameters
12
along the line y = 3x.] ¯úk©K `yBwUi mgxKiY y = 0 Ges y = 5 x [2 marks]
mgvavb: awi, e„‡Ëi mgxKiY 12
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ............(i) GLb y = 5 x †iLv y = 0 †iLv A_©vr x A‡ÿi mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ
(i) e„Ë g~jwe›`yMvgx| c = 0 Ki‡j, tan = m
(i) e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (– g, – f), y = 3x e¨v‡mi Dci Aew¯’Z| 12
 = tan–1 hv ¯úk©K `yBwUi AšÍf©y³ †KvY| [2 marks]
5
 – f = 3 (– g)  f = 3g ..............(ii) [3 marks]
Avevi, 3y + x = 20 A_©vr x + 3y – 20 = 0 †iLv (i) e„ˇK ¯úk© 5. GKwU e„‡Ëi mgxKiY Ges Zvi †K‡›`ªi ¯’vbv¼ I e¨vmva© wbY©q Ki hv
Ki‡j †K›`ª (– g, – f) †_‡K Gi `~iZ¡ e¨vmva© g2 + f2 – c Gi (0, 1), (1, 0) Ges (2, 1) we›`y w`‡q hvq|
mgvb n‡e| [Find the equation of a circle and its center and radius that
passes through the points (0, 1), (1, 0) and (2, 1).]
|– g – 3f – 20|
= g2 + f2 – c mgvavb: g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ëi mgxKiY,
1+9 x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 [1 marks]
 (g + 3f + 20)2 = 10(g2 + f2) [c = 0] †h‡nZz e„ËwU (0, 1), (1, 0) Ges (2, 1) we›`yÎq w`‡q AwZµg K‡i,
 (g + 9g + 20)2 = 10(g2 + 9g2) [⸪ f = 3g]  1 + 2f + c = 0 ...........(i)
 100(g + 2)2 = 100g2 1 + 2g + c = 0 ............(ii)
 g2 + 4g + 4 = g2 5 + 4g + 2f + c = 0 ............(iii) [3 marks]
(iii) bs n‡Z (i) bs we‡qvM K‡i cvB, g = – 1
g=–1 [3 marks]
(ii) bs G g Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, c = 1
(ii) n‡Z cvB, f = 3.(– 1) = – 3
(i) bs G c Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB, f = – 1
x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y = 0 (Ans.) [4 marks]
 e„‡Ëi mgxKiY,
x2 + y2 + 2(– 1)x + 2(– 1)y + 1 = 0
3. (h, k) we›`y †_‡K x2 + y2 = 12 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z ¯úk©‡Ki ˆ`N©¨ x2 + y2  x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 [4 marks]
+ 5x + 5y = 0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z ¯úk©‡Ki ˆ`‡N©¨i wظY| (h, k) we›`ywUi e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (– g, – f) A_v©r (1, 1)
mÂvic‡_i mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| Ges e¨vmva© = (– 1)2 + (– 1)2 – 1 = 1 (Ans.) [2 marks]
 2
6. y = 2x †iLvwU x2 + y2 = 10x e„‡Ëi GKwU R¨v| D³ R¨v‡K e¨vm x2 + y2 = 9 e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (0, 0) I e¨vmva© 3 GKK|
a‡i Aw¼Z e„‡Ëi (2, 4) we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|  (0, 0) n‡Z x –y + c = 0 Gi `~iZ¡ 3 GKK|
[The line y = 2x is a chord of the circle x2 + y2 = 10x.
  2 2 = 3
0+0+c
Considering the chord as diameter, determine the equation  1 +1 
of the tangent to the circle at (2,4) point.]
c=3 2 [7 marks]
mgvavb: y = 2x ............(i) n‡Z y Gi gvb cÖ`Ë mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
x2 + (2x)2 = 10x  ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY, x – y  3 2 = 0 [3 marks]
 x2 + 4x2 – 10x = 0
 5x2 – 10x = 0 9. x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + c = 0 e„ËwU x Aÿ‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j c Gi gvb
 5x(x – 2) = 0 Ges ¯úk©we›`yi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Ki|
 x = 0, 2 [Determine the value of c and the coordinates of the point of
[3 marks]
contact if the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + c = 0 touches the x-
(i) n‡Z cvB, y = 2  0 = 0 Ges y = 2  2 = 4
axis.]
cÖ`Ë e„‡Ëi (i) R¨v Gi cÖvšÍwe›`y `yBwU (0, 0) Ges (2, 4) [2 marks]
mgvavb: x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + c = 0 †K›`ª  (2, 3)
(0, 0) Ges (2, 4) we›`y `yBwUi ms‡hvM †iLvsk‡K e¨vm a‡i Aw¼Z
wb‡Y©q e„‡Ëi mgxKiY, x Aÿ‡K ¯úk© Kivq 2 g2 – C = 0
(x – 0)(x – 2) + (y – 0)(y – 4) = 0  g2 = c
x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0 [3 marks]  c = 22 = 4 (Ans.) [5 marks]
2 2
2 2
GLb x + y – 2x – 4y = 0 e„‡Ëi (2, 4) we›`y‡Z ¯úk©‡Ki x + y – 4x – 6y + 4 = 0
mgxKiY, x A‡ÿ y = 0  x2 – 4x + 4 = 0
 (x – 2) = 02
x=2
x  2 + y  4 – (x + 2) – 2(y + 4) = 0
 2x + 4y – x – 2 – 2y – 8 = 0  ¯úk© we›`y = (2, 0) (Ans.) [5 marks]
 x + 2y – 10 = 0 (Ans.) [2 marks]
10. x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 21 = 0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z ¯úk©K x A‡ÿi
mgvšÍivj| ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
2 2
7. (– 5, 4) we›`y †_‡K x + y – 2x – 4y + 1 = 0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z [The tangent drawn to the circle x + y – 6x + 8y + 21 = 0 is
2 2
parallel to the x-axis. Determine the equation of the
¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
tangent.]
[Determine the equation of the tangent drawn from the mgvavb: x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 21 = 0 e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (3, – 4) Ges e¨vmva©
2 2
point (– 5, 4) to the circle x + y – 2x – 4y + 1 = 0.]
mgvavb: x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 1 = 0 .........(1) = 32 + 42 – 21 = 2 [2 marks]
awi,
e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (1, 2) Ges e¨vmva© = 1 + 4 – 1 = 2
x A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY, y + k = 0 .............(i)
awi, ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY:
(i) †iLvwU cÖ`Ë e„ˇK ¯úk© Ki‡j †K›`ª (3, – 4) †_‡K Gi `~iZ¡
y – 4 = m (x + 5)
e¨vmv‡a©i mgvb n‡e|
 y – mx – 4 – 5m = 0
|– 4 + k|
 mx – y + 5m + 4 = 0 [3 marks] =2
awi, (– 5, 4) we›`yMvgx ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (1, 2) †_‡K G 1
¯úk©‡Ki j¤^`~iZ¡ e¨vmva© 2 Gi mgvb n‡e|  |– 4 + k| = 2
|m – 2 + 5m + 4| k–4=2
=2  k = 6, 2 [4 marks]
m2 + 1
wb‡Y©q ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY; y + 6 = 0, y + 2 = 0 [4 marks]
|6m + 2|
 =2
m2 + 1 11. (3, – 3) we›`y †_‡K x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y – 5 = 0 e„‡Ë Aw¼Z
 (3m + 1)2 = m2 + 1 ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY Ges ˆ`N©¨ wbY©q Ki|
 9m2 + 6m + 1 = m2 + 1 [Find the equation and the length of the tangent drawn from
 8m2 + 6m = 0 the point (3, – 3) to the circle x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y – 5 = 0.]
 m(8m + 6) = 0 mgvavb: (3, – 3) we›`y †_‡K x2 + y2 + 8x + 4y – 5 = 0 e„‡Ëi ¯úk©‡Ki
3
m = 0, – [5 marks] ˆ`N©¨ = 32 + (– 3)2 + 8  3 + 4(– 3) – 5 = 5 GKK [2 marks]
4
¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY y – 4 = 0 Ges g‡b Kwi,
3 ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY, y + 3 = m(x – 3) ...............(i)
y – 4 = – (x + 5)  mx – y – 3m – 3 = 0 ................(ii)
4
 4y – 16 = – 3x – 15 T
m
 3x + 4y – 1 = 0 [2 marks] 5 GKK
P
8. x2 + y2 = 9 e„‡Ëi ¯úk©K x A‡ÿi mv‡_ 45 †KvY Drcbœ Ki‡j, (3, – 3)
¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
[Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 9 that T
makes 45 angle with the x-axis.] (ii) bs e„‡Ëi †K›`ª (– 4, – 2) n‡Z
mgvavb: awi, ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiY, y = tan45  x + c ¯úk©‡Ki j¤^ `~iZ¡ = 5(e„‡Ëi e¨vmva©)
y=x+c |– 4m + 2 – 3m – 3|
 =5
x–y+c=0 m2 + 1
x2 + y2 = 9  |7m + 1| = 5 m2 + 1
 3
 49m2 + 14m + 1 = 25m2 + 25 Zvn‡j, (h, k)  (2, 1) n‡j (i) e„‡Ëi mgxKiY `vuovq,
 24m2 + 14m – 24 = 0 (x – 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 0
3 4
m= ,– [4 marks]  x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y + 4 = 0
4 3
Ges (h, k)  (1, 2) n‡j, (i) bs mgxKiY `vuovq,
 ¯úk©‡Ki mgxKiYØq h_vµ‡g,
3 4 (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 1
y + 3 = (x – 3) Ges y + 3 = – (x – 3) [4 marks]  x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 4 = 0 (Ans.) [4 marks]
4 3

3x 5y 14. †h e„ËwU (1, 1) we›`y Ges x2 + y2 + 13x – 3y = 0 I 2x2 + 2y2 +

12. + = 1 mij‡iLv n‡Z x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 167 e„‡Ëi Dci
53 212 4x – 7y – 25 = 0 Gi †Q`we›`y w`‡q hvq Zvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
Aew¯’Z wbKUZg we›`ywUi ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q Ki| [Determine the equation of the circle passing through (1, 1)
[Find the coordinates of the point on the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y and the points of intersection of x2 + y2 + 13x – 3y = 0 and
3x 5y
= 167 that is closest to the line + = 1.] 2x2 + 2y2 + 4x – 7y – 25 = 0.]
53 212
mgvavb: x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 167 = 0 e„‡Ëi †K›`ª C(1, 1) Ges e¨vmva©, mgvavb: awi, e„ËwUi mgxKiY,
r = 13 GKK| (x2 + y2 + 13x – 3y) + (2x2 + 2y2 + 4x – 7y – 25) = 0
 (1 + 2)x2 + (1 + 2)y2 + (13 + 4)x + (– 3 – 7)y – 25
=0 [4 marks]
C(1, 1) †h‡nZz GwU (1, 1) we›`yi ga¨ w`‡q hvq,
13  1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 13 + 4 – 3 – 7 – 25 = 0
15
B  – 24 + 12 = 0
A 2 GKK =
1
[3 marks]
12x + 5y – 212 = 0 2
C(1, 1) n‡Z 12x + 5y – 212 = 0 mij‡iLvi j¤^ `~iZ¡, 13y 25
 e„ËwUi mgxKiY, 2x2 + 2y2 + 15x – – =0
|12  1 + 5  1 – 212| 2 2
d= = 15 GKK > r (13 GKK) 2 2
A_ev, 4x + 4y + 30x – 13y – 25 = 0 [3 marks]
122 + 52
 12x + 5y – 212 = 0 ..............(i) [3 marks]
 CA †iLvi mgxKiY 5x – 12y = 5  1 – 12  1 15. GKwU i‡KU‡K Ggbfv‡e c„w_ex †_‡K Dr‡ÿcY Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z
 5x – 12y + 7 = 0 ...................(ii) [3 marks] GwU KL‡bv wd‡i bv Av‡m| hw` E i‡KU jÂvi Øviv mieivnK…Z b~¨bZg
(i) I (ii) Gi †Q`we›`y A  
193 88 kw³ nq, Z‡e GKB i‡KU‡K Puv‡`i c„ô †_‡K Dr‡ÿcY Ki‡Z n‡j
 13 13 jÂv‡ii b~~¨bZg kw³ KZ nIqv DwPZ? a‡i bvI, c„w_ex Ges Puv‡`i NbZ¡
ÿz`ªZg `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z B we›`ywU AC †K 2 : 13 Abycv‡Z AšÍwe©f³
mgvb Ges c„w_exi AvqZb Puv‡`i AvqZ‡bi 64 ¸Y|
K‡i|
[A rocket has to be launched from earth in such a way that
2  1 + 13  193 2  1 + 13  88 it never returns. If E is the minimum energy delivered by
B
 13  13
 2 + 13 2 + 13  = (13, 6) [4 marks] the rocket launcher, what should be the minimum energy
that the launcher should have, if the same rocket is to be
13. (1, 1) I (2, 2) we›`y w`‡q AwZµvšÍ e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 1 GKK n‡j e„‡Ëi launched from the surface of the moon? Assume that the
mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| density of the earth and the moon are equal and that the
[Find the equation of the circle that passes through the earth's volume is 64 times than the volume of the moon.]
points (1, 1) and (2, 2) and has a radius of 1 unit.] mgvavb: cÖkœg‡Z,
mgvavb: g‡b Kwi, e„‡Ëi mgxKiY, (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = 1 .........(i) Ve = 64 Vm
(i) bs e„ËwU (1, 1) we›`yMvgx n‡j, (1 – h)2 + (1 – k)2 = 1 4 3 4 3
 Re = 64  Rm
 h2 + k2 – 2h – 2k + 1 = 0 ............(ii) 3 3
(ii) bs e„ËwU (2, 2) we›`yMvgx n‡j, (2 – h)2 + (2 –k)2 = 1 Re 3
 h2 + k2 – 4h – 4k + 7 = 0 ..............(iii)  = 64
Rm
(ii) – (iii) Re
2h + 2k = 6  = 4 ........ (i) [3 marks]
Rm
h+k=3
Avevi,
 k = 3 – h ...........(iv)
(ii)  2 – (iii)  e = m
2
h +k =5 2 me mm
 =
 h + (3 – h) = 5
2 2 Ve Vm
 h2 + h2 – 6h + 9 – 5 = 0 
me Ve
=
 2h2 – 6h + 4 = 0 mm Vm
 h2 – 3h + 2 = 0 
me
= 64 ........ (ii) [3 marks]
 (h – 2)(h – 1) = 0 m m

 h = 2, 1 [3 marks] awi, i‡KU‡K Ggb Dr‡ÿcY Ki‡Z i‡KU jÂvi KZ…©K b~b¨Zg kw³
 (iv)  k = 1, 2 [3 marks] Em|
 4
Avgiv Rvwb, S.H.M Gi Rb¨, a = –2x ........ (ii)
Gfv‡e Dr‡ÿc‡Yi Rb¨ b~¨bZg kw³, (i) I (ii) bs Zzjbv K‡i cvB,

mve = m
1 1 2GM2 2GMmm +GMearth m
Ek =
2
= 2 = x
2  R 
3
2 2R Re
GMm +GMearth
Ek =
R = 3
Re
M
myZivs, Ek  R g  g = GM2 e
=
Mm c„w_ex †_‡K Dr‡ÿcY Ki‡Z
Re  Re 
Em Rm Mm Re b~¨bZg kw³, Re
GLb, E = M = M  R  T = 2
e e e m Ee = E g
Re 6.4  106
1 = 2
9.8
= 4
64 = 5077.58 s (Ans.) [4 marks]
Em 1 g
 = a = – 2x = – x
E 16 Re
E 9.8
 Em = (Ans.) [4 marks] =–  5  105 m/s2
16 6.4  106
= – 0.77 m/s2 (Ans.) [2 marks]
16. `ywU bÿ‡Îi cÖwZwU fi 3  1031 †KwR Ges Zviv 2  1011 wgUvi
`~i‡Z¡ Zv‡`i fi‡K›`ª O Gi Pvicv‡k mgZ‡j N~Y©vqgvb| GKwU DévwcÐ 18. eya MÖ‡ni Abym~i (m~h© n‡Z wbKUZg we›`y) I Acm~i (m~h© n‡Z `~iZg
bÿ‡Îi N~Y©b A‡ÿi j¤^w`‡K O Gi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg K‡i hv‡”Q| GB we›`y) `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g 4.59  1010 m Ges 6.98  1010 m| Acm~i ¯’v‡b
ˆØZ bÿ‡Îi gnvKl©xq †ÿÎ †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨, Déwc‡Ði O †Z b~¨bZg eya MÖ‡ni `ªæwZ 3.88  104 ms–1 n‡j Abym~i ¯’v‡b `ªæwZ KZ?
†eM KZ nIqv DwPZ? [The perihelion (closest point to the Sun) and aphelion
–11
(a‡i bvI, gnvKl©xq aªæeK, G = 6.67  10 Nm /kg )2 2
(farthest point from the Sun) distance of Mercury are 4.59 
11 1010 m and 6.98  1010 m respectively. At the aphelion,
[Two stars of masses 3  10 kg each and distance 2  10
31

m rotate in a plane about their common center of mass O. A Mercury speed is 3.88  10 m/s. What is the speed at the
4

meteorite passes through O moving perpendicular to the perihelion?]

star's rotation plane. In order to escape from the gravitation mgvavb: †h‡nZz Kÿc‡_i cÖwZwU ¯’v‡b MÖ‡ni †gvU kw³ GKB|
field of this double star, the minimum speed that meteorite GMm 1 GMm 1
–
2 2
+ mv1 = – + mv2
should have at O is (Take, gravitational constant, G = 6.67  r1 2 r2 2
1011 Nm2kg–2)]
 v2 = GM  –  + v1
1 2 1 1 1 2
[4 marks]
1 2 2GMm 2 r2 r1 2
mgvavb: 2 mv – R = 0
2GM  –  + v1
1 1
 v2 =
2

v = 2 4GM
=
4  6.67  10 –11
 3  10 31
 r 2 r1
R 1011
= 2  6.7  10–11  2  1030  
1 1
4.59  1010 – 6.98  1010 + (3.88  10 )
42
 v = 2.8  10 m/s (Ans.)
5
[10 marks]
= 5.92  104 ms–1 (Ans.) [6 marks]
17. Kíbv K‡iv †h, c„w_exi e¨vm eivei GKwU myo½ Lbb Kiv nj|
GKwU e¯‘‡K myo‡½i GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K †Q‡o †`qv nj Ges e¯‘wU mij Qw›`Z 19. 10 kg fi I 0.5 m e¨vmva©wewkó wZbwU wb‡iU †MvjK‡K Ggbfv‡e
¯ú›`‡b ¯úw›`Z n‡Z jvM‡jv| c„w_ex‡K GKwU mylg †MvjK g‡b K‡i Ges ivLv n‡jv †hb †MvjK wZbwU ci¯úi‡K ¯úk© K‡i| †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU
evav`vbKvix mKj ej D‡cÿv K‡i c„w_exi †K›`ª †_‡K 5  105 m `~i‡Z¡ †Mvj‡Ki Dci wbU gnvKl©xq ej wbY©q K‡iv|
e¯‘wUi Z¡iY I †`vjbKvj ch©vqKvj wbY©q K‡iv| [Three solid spheres of 10 kg mass & 0.5 m radius is placed
(†`Iqv Av‡Q, c„w_exi e¨vmva© R = 6.4  106 m Ges g = 9.8 ms–2) in such a way that they touch each other. Find out the net
[Imagine that a tunnel is dug along the diameter of the gravitational force over one sphere.]
Earth. An object is released from one end of the tunnel and mgvavb:
the object starts oscillating in simple harmonic motion. a a
Considering the Earth as a uniform sphere and neglecting
all resistive forces, calculate the acceleration and the period F F
of oscillation of the object at a distance of 5  10 meters 5 60
from the center of the Earth. (Given, radius of earth R = 6.4
 106 m and g = 9.8 ms–2)] M
mgvavb: c„w_exi †K›`ª n‡Z x `~i‡Z¡ f‚c„‡ôi Mfx‡i †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z, m
f‡ii †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Dci Kvh©Ki gnvKl© ej, GM2 GM2
F= =
–GmMearth (2a)2 4a2
Fg = x [†K‡›`ª i w`‡K AvKl© Y ej e‡j (–) sign]
Fnet = 2 Fcos 
3
Re 60
[5 marks]
–GmMearth 2
 ma = 3 x 3 6.673  10–11  102
Re
 Fnet = 2 N
–GmMearth 2 4  (0.5)2
a= 3 x ........ (i) [4 marks] –8
 Fnet = 1.2  10 N (Ans.) [5 marks]
Re
 5
–1
20. 7.4  103 km e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU e„ËvKvi c‡_ 4000 kg f‡ii GKU 22. c„w_exc„‡ô †Kv‡bv e¯‘i gyw³‡eM 11.2 kms | GKwU e¯‘‡K
DcMÖn c„w_ex‡K cÖ`wÿY Ki‡Q| Nl©‡Yi `iæY GwU ax‡i ax‡i cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û gyw³‡e‡Mi wZb¸Y †e‡M Dr‡ÿcY Kiv n‡j, c„w_ex †_‡K Amxg `~‡i
17000 J kw³ nviv‡”Q| DcMÖnwU KZ mgq ci f‚wg‡Z cwZZ n‡e? e¯‘wUi `ªæwZ KZ n‡e?
–1
[Escape velocity of an object at earth surface is 11.2 kms . If
[A satellite of mass 4000 kg is orbiting the earth in a circular
an object is thrown at three times of its escape velocity, then
orbit of radius 7.4  103 km. It starts losing energy due to what will be the velocity of the object at infinity?]
friction at the rate of 17000 J. Then the time taken by mgvavb: kw³i msiÿYkxjZv Abymv‡i,
satellite to reach the earth is–] 1 2 GMm
GMm mve = .......... (i)
2 R
mgvavb: Ei = – 2r
1 2 1 2 GMm
GMm Ges 2 mvf = 2 mvi – R
Ef = –
2R 1 2 1 2
= mvi – mve
Eloss = Ei – Ef 2 2
2 2
GMm GMm  vf = vi – ve
=– +
2r 2R
= (3  11.2)2 – (11.2)2
GMm  1 1 = 31.67 kms–1 (Ans.) [10 marks]
= – [4 marks]
2 R r 
kZ©g‡Z, 23. GKwU e¯‘‡K f‚c„ô †_‡K 10 R D”PZvq wb‡q †h‡Z vi †e‡M f‚wg
Eloss = 17000  t †_‡K Djø¤^fv‡e wb‡ÿc Ki‡Z nq, †hLv‡b R = c„w_exi e¨vmva©| ve
 – 
GMm 1 1 (escape velocity) Ges vi Gi AbycvZ wbY©q K‡iv|
t= [4 marks]
2  17000 R r  [A body needs to be given a velocity of vi to lift to a height of
6.673  10–11  6  1024  4000  1 1 10 R from the Earth's surface, where R is the Earth's
t=  –
2  17000  10 6
 6.4 7.4 radius. Determine the ratio of ve (escape velocity) and vi.]
= 9.95  105 s mgvavb: hvwš¿K kw³i msiÿYkxjZv Abyhvqx,
 t = 11.5 days (Ans.) [2 marks]
f‚c„‡ô †gvU kw³ = 10 R D”PZvq †gvU kw³
 Ki + U i = K f + U f
1 Gmem Gmem
 mv i –
2
21. c„w_ex †_‡K 400 km E‡aŸ© GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn e„ËvKvi Kÿc‡_ = 0–
2 R (10 R + R)
c„w_ex‡K cwðg †_‡K c~e© w`‡K cÖ`wÿY Ki‡Q| wbiÿ‡iLvi wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b 1 10 Gmem
 mv i =
2
Aew¯’Z GKRb ch©‡eÿK DcMÖnwU‡K wbw`©ó mg‡q wVK gv_vi Ic‡i 2 11 R
†`L‡Z †c‡jb| KZ mgq ci Avevi wZwb GKB NUbv †`L‡Z cv‡eb? 2 20 Gme
 vi=
11 R
[A satellite is orbiting 400 km above the Earth in a circular
20 Gme
path from west to east. An observer is located at a certain  vi = ......... (i) [5 marks]
11 R
position on the equator sees the satellite directly overhead at
2 Gme
a specific time. After how much time will the observer see Avgiv Rvwb, gyw³‡eM, ve = R
this event again?]
2 Gme
gR2 R
mgvavb: DcMÖnwUi †eM, v = R+h
ve
GLb, v =
i 20 Gme
2 (R + h) 11 R
Ges AveZ©bKvj, T = v
ve 11
3
 = (Ans.) [5 marks]
2 (R + h) 2 vi 10
= [5 marks]
R g
3 24. 2 kg IR‡bi Amxg msL¨K e¯‘ +x Aÿ eivei g~jwe›`y †_‡K
2 (6.4  10 + 4  10 )
6 5 2
h_vµ‡g 1, 2, 4, 8,  `~i‡Z¡, –x Aÿ eivei _vK‡j g~jwe›`y †_‡K
=
6.4  106  g h_vµ‡g 1, 3, 9, 27,  `~i‡Z¡, +y Aÿ eivei h_vµ‡g 4, 16, 64, 
= 5560.96 s `~i‡Z¡ Ges –y Aÿ eivei h_vµ‡g 5, 10, 20, 40,  `~iZ¡ _vK‡j,
awi, t mgq ci ch©‡eÿK Avevi GKB NUbv †`L‡Z cv‡eb| G mg‡q g~jwe›`y‡Z gnvKl©xq wefe wbY©q K‡iv|
c„w_ex Ges DcMÖn h_vµ‡g 1 I 2 †Kv‡Y AveZ©b Ki‡j, [If an infinite number of 2 kg objects are located along the
+x-axis at distances of 1, 2, 4, 8, ∞ from the origin, along the
2 – 1 = 2
-x-axis at distances of 1, 3, 9, 27, ∞, along the +y-axis at
2 1 2 distances of 4, 16, 64, ∞ and along the -y-axis at distances of
 – =
t t t 5, 10, 20, 40, ∞ from the origin, determine the gravitational
2
 2 – 1 = [3 marks] potential at the origin.]
t
mgvavb: +x Aÿ eivei wefe, v+x = –GM 1 + 2 + 4 + ......
1 1 1
1 1 1
 = –
t 5560.96 86400 = – Gm (1 + 1)
 t = 5943.5 s = 1.65 hr (Ans.) [2 marks] = – 2Gm [2 marks]
 6
27. aiv hvK, Avgv‡`i Qvqvc‡_ 2.5  1011 wU bÿÎ i‡q‡Q, cÖwZwU m~‡h©i
–x Aÿ eivei wefe, v–x = –GM  + + + ......
1 1 1
1 3 9  f‡ii mgvb| Qvqvc‡_i †K›`ª †_‡K 50,000 Av‡jvKel© `~i‡Z¡ _vKv GB
= –GM  
1
ZvivwU GKwU cwiµgY m¤úbœ Ki‡Z KZ mgq wb‡e? a‡i bvI, wgwé I‡qi
1 – 1
 3 e¨vmva© 105 Av‡jvKel©, G = 6.67  10–11 Nm2kg–2|
–3GM (1 Av‡jvKel© = 9.46  1015 m)|
= [2 marks]
2
[Let us consider that our galaxy consist of 2.5  1011 stars
+y Aÿ eivei wefe, v+g = –GM  + + ......
1 1 1
+
 4 16 64  each of one solar mass. How long will this star at a distance
GM of 50,000 light years from the galactic centre take to
= [2 marks] complete one revolution? Take the galactic centre of the
3
Milky way to be 105 light year. G = 6.67  10–11 Nm2kg–2 (1
–y Aÿ eivei wefe, v–g = –GM  + 
1 1 1
5 10 + 20 + ...... ly = 9.46  1015 m)]
 
1
mgvavb: GLv‡b,
–2GM

5
= –GM
1
= 5
[2 marks] M = 2.5  1011  Zvivi fi = 2.5  1011  (2  1030) kg
1– 2  = 5.0  1041 kg
 g~jwe›`y‡Z †gvU wefe, r = 50,000 Av‡jvKel© = 50,000  9.46  1015 g = 4.73  1020 m
3GM GM 2GM Avgiv Rvwb,
Vtotal = – 2GM – – –
2 3 5
–127 42r3
M=
=
30
GM (Ans.) [2 marks] GT2
1

T=
4 r 2
2 3

25. f‚c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv 303 K n‡j O2 M¨v‡mi AYy m‡e©v”P KZ D”PZv  GM 

DV‡Z cvi‡e? 2 1
 4  22  (4.73  1020)3 2
[If the temperature on Earth's surface is 303 K, what is the 7
= 
maximum height an oxygen gas can reach?] (6.67  10–11)  (5.0  1041)
mgvavb: awi, O2 M¨vm m‡e©v”P h D”PZvq DV‡e|
= 1.12  1016 †m‡KÛ (Ans.) [10 marks]
kw³i msiÿYkxjZv Abymv‡i,
f‚c„‡ô †gvUkw³ = h D”PZvq †gvU kw³
GMm 1 – GMm 28. AYyi AvK…wZ, eÜb‡KvY I B‡jKUªb †Rv‡oi Ae¯’vb †`LvI-
– + mv2 =
R 2 R+h SO2, BeCl2 NH3, PCl5, BrF5
 mv2 = GMem  –
1 1 1  [Show the bond angles , shape and position of electron pairs
2 R R + h of SO2, BeCl2 NH3, PCl5, BrF5]
= GMe  –
1 3RT 1 1  mgvavb:
 
2 M Re R + h
AYyi AvK…wZ
= gRe  –
3RT 2 1 1  D`vniY eÜb‡KvY AYyi AvK…wZ
 [∵ gR2 = GMe] [5 marks]
2M  e
R R + h MVb
3  8.314  303 Linear
 = 9.8  (6.4  106)2
2  32  10–3 BeCl2 180
mij‰iwLK
 1 6– 1  Bent or V ..
6.4  10 6.4  106 + h
SO2 119 Shaped
 h = 12.07 km (Ans.) [5 marks]
V –AvK…wZ
26. GKwU wbDUªb wbR A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ 1 revs–1 †e‡M Nyi‡Q| GB bÿ‡Îi Trigonal
e¨vmva© 20 km n‡j Gi c„‡ô †Kv‡bv e¯‘ w¯’i _vK‡Z PvB‡j bÿÎwUi fi Pyramidal ..
NH3 107
b~¨bZg KZ n‡Z n‡e? w·KvYxq
[A neutron star is rotating at a speed of 1 rev/s about its wcivwgW
axis. If the radius of this star is 20 km, what should be the
Trigonal
minimum mass of the star for an object to remain stationary 120 in Plane
on its surface?] Bipyramidal
90 w·KvYxq
mgvavb: GLv‡b, PCl2
Perpendicular
†K›`ªgyLx ej = gnvKl© ej wØwcivwgW
to Plane
GMm
 m2r =
r2 Square
2r3
M= Pramidal
G BrF5 84.8
eM©vKvi
(2)2  (20  103)3 ..
M= wcivwgWxq
6.673  10–11
 M = 4.73  1024 kg (Ans.) [10 marks] we: `ª: cÖwZwU Dˇii Rb¨ 2 mark|
 7
29. wb‡Pi †hŠM¸‡jv‡K nvBweªWvB‡Rkb Ges AvKv‡ii wfwˇZ MÖæ‡c 31. (a) MÖæc-2 Gi avZe Kve©‡bUmg~‡ni ¯’vwqZ¡ µg e¨vL¨v Ki|
mvRvI| (b) Zij Ges ev®úxq Ae¯’vq B_vbwqK Gwm‡Wi AvšÍtAvYweK eÜb A¼b
BeCl2, HgCl2, C2H2, HCN, COCl2, [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Ag(CN)2]–, Ki|
2– – –
BCl3, BF3, C2H4, SO3, CO3 , NO3, HNO3, ClO3, PCl5, SbCl5,
[(a) Explain the order of stability of group 2 metal carbonates
SO2, NaOCl, SnCl2, PbCl2, NO2, ClF3
(b) Draw the intermolecular bonding of ethanoic acid in
[Arrange the compounds into groups based on their
hybridisation and shape; liquid and vapour form]
BeCl2, HgCl2, C2H2, HCN, COCl2, [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Ag(CN)2]–, mgvavb: (a) avZe Kve©‡b‡Ui avZe K¨vUvqbwUi †cvjvivqb ÿgZv hZ
2– – –
BCl3, BF3, C2H4, SO3, CO3 , NO3, HNO3, ClO3, PCl5, SbCl5, †ewk n‡e, wbKUeZ©x Aw·‡R‡bi B‡jKUªb †gN‡K ZZ †ewk
SO2, NaOCl, SnCl2, PbCl2, NO2, ClF3] †cvjvivwqZ Ki‡e| d‡j Kve©‡bUwUi avZe A·vBW I CO2 wn‡m‡e
mgvavb: we‡qvwRZ nIqvi cÖeYZv ZZ †e‡o hv‡e| MCO3 ms‡KZwewkó
Molecular GKwU Kve©‡bU †hŠ‡Mi MVb wb¤œiƒc:
Compound Hybridization
Geometry
BeCl2, HgCl2, C2H2, ..– ..–
:O
.. : :O
.. :
[Ag(CN)2]–, COCl2, sp
Linear
–
..– O .. ..–
mij‰iwLK M2+ :O
.. .. M2+ O
.. C M2+ :O: C
[Ag(NH3)2]+, HCN, ..
:O: O O
..
BCl3, BF3, C2H4,
2– – Trigonal Planar we‡qvRb cÖwµqvwU:
SO3, CO3 , NO3, sp2
– w·KvYvKvi mgZjxq ..
HNO3, ClO3 O O
..
– .. ..
Trigonal M2+ :O: C .. M2+ O .. + C .. MO + CO2
3 –
PCl5, SbCl5 sp d Bipyramidal :O: O
..
w·KvYxq wØwcivwgW
ch©vq mviwYi 2q MÖæ‡ci †gŠ‡ji Avqb M2+ ¸‡jvi †cvjvivq‡bi
SO2, NOCl, SnCl2, Bent/V-shaped
PbCl2, NO2
V-shaped
V – AvK…wZ µg: Be2+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Sr2+ > Ba2+ G‡`i Kve©‡b‡Ui
T-shaped we‡qvRb cÖeYZvi µg nj: BeCO3 > MgCO3 > CaCO3 >
ClF3 sp3d
T – AvK…wZ SrCO3 > BaCO3. [5 marks]
we: `ª: cÖwZwU Dˇii Rb¨ 2 mark| O H O
(b) CH3 C C CH3
O H O
30. (a) NH3 AYy‡Z eÜb †KvY 107.5, wKš‘ PH3 Gi eÜb †KvY 93
ev¯úxq Ae¯’vq B_v‡bvwqK Gwm‡Wi AvšÍtAvYweK nvB‡Wªv‡Rb eÜb
†Kb?
(WvBgvi MVb)
(b) MwjZ Ae¯’vq MgCl2 Gi Zwor cwievwnZv BeCl2 Gi Zzjbvq AwaK
†Kb? CH3 CH3 CH3
[(a) Why is bond angle of NH3 107.5, but bond angle of PH3 C C C
is 93? H O O H O O H O O H
(b) Why is current conductivity of melting MgCl2 greater Gfv‡e AvšÍtAvYweK nvB‡Wªv‡Rb eÜb MV‡bi gva¨‡g e„n`vKvi (CH3
than that of BeCl2?] – COO)n AYy MwVZ nq| [5 marks]
mgvavb: (a) †K›`ªxq cigvYy ÔPÕ A‡cÿv †QvU e‡j N (3.0) Gi
ZworFYvZ¥KZv P (2.1) A‡cÿv †ewk| ZvB NH3 AYy‡Z AwaK 32. A‡_©vbvB‡Uªv‡dbj I c¨vivbvB‡Uªv‡dbj Gi Mjbvs‡Ki wfbœZv-†Kb?
ZworFYvZ¥K ÔNÕ cigvYy N – H e܇bi B‡jKUªb †Rvo‡K PH3 Gi [Why is the boiling point of orthonitrophenol and
P – H e܇bi Zzjbvq wb‡Ri w`‡K †ewk †U‡b †bq| G‡Z PH3 Gi
paranitrophenol different?]
Zzjbvq NH3 AYyi †ÿ‡Î `ywU N – H e܇bi B‡jKUªb hyMj؇qi mgvavb: A‡_©vbvB‡Uªv‡dbj I c¨vivbvB‡Uªv‡dbj ci¯úi `y‡Uv mgvYy|
g‡a¨ weKl©Y †ewk nq| ZvB `ywU P – H eÜb A‡cÿv `ywU N – H
OH OH
eÜb ci¯úi †_‡K †ewk `~‡i m‡i hvIqvq NH3 AYyi H – N – H
NO2
eÜb †Kv‡Yi gvb (107.5) PH3 Gi
H – P – H eÜb †KvY (93) A‡cÿv eo| [5 marks]
.. o-bvB‡Uªv‡dbj NO2
N
..
P p-bvB‡Uªv‡dbj
107.5 o-bvB‡Uªv‡db‡ji Mjbv¼ A‡bK wb¤œ †hgb 45C, A_P p-
93
H H H H bvB‡Uªv‡db‡ji †ek D”P 114C| Gi Kvi‡Y p-bvB‡Uªv‡db‡ji P‡µ
– NO2 Ges – OH MÖæcØq ci¯úi wecixZ Ae¯’v‡b A‡bKUv `~i‡Z¡
(b) K¨vUvq‡bi AvKvi hZ eo n‡Z _v‡K A¨vbvqb‡K †cvjvivwqZ
Kivi ÿgZv ZZ Kg‡Z _v‡K| d‡j †hŠ‡Mi AvqwbK ag© †e‡o hvq| Ae¯’vb Kivq evavnxbfv‡e AYymg~n H-e܇bi gZ AvšÍtAvYweK
Gi d‡j MwjZ Ae¯’vq †hŠ‡Mi Zwor cwievwnZv †e‡o hvq| †hgb AvKl©Y ej Øviv hy³ n‡q eo AvYweK ¸”Q ˆZwi K‡i| d‡j AvYweK
MwjZ Ae¯’vq MgCl2 Gi Zwor cwievwnZv BeCl2 Gi Zzjbvq ¸‡”Qi `„p KvVv‡gv fv½‡Z D”P Zvckw³ jv‡M e‡j Mjbv¼ e„w× cvq
AwaK| [5 marks] (114C)
 8
O H
O O H O
N N O
O H H
H-eÜb H H
H O O
O
N H H
H O O O duvKv ¯’vb
O O
p-bvB‡Uªv‡dbj AvšÍtAvYweK o-bvB‡Uªv‡dbj AšÍtAvYweK H H H
H
H-eÜb H-eÜb O
(Intermolecular H-bond) (Intramolecular H-bond) H-eÜb
H
wKš‘ o-bvB‡Uªv‡db‡j – NO2 Ges – OH MÖæcØq cvkvcvwk Ae¯’v‡b wPÎ: ei‡di KvVv‡gv‡Z lof~Rxq duvKv
_vKvq Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ H-eÜb MwVZ n‡q `ywU MÖæc hy³ nq| G‡Z ¯’v‡b 3 H-eÜb Øviv AvovAvwo ms‡hvM
(b)
AYymg~‡ni g‡a¨ AvšÍtAvYweK ms‡hv‡Mi c_ eÜb n‡q hvq| d‡j o-
bvB‡Uªv‡db‡ji AYy¸‡jv wew”Qbœ _v‡K| ZvB Gi Mjbv¼ wb¤œ (45C)| H H
[10 marks] H O O H H O O–
2+
Cu O S
33. wb‡Pi AYy¸‡jvi eÜb †Rvo B‡jKUªb, gy³‡Rvo B‡jKUª‡bi msL¨v H O O H H O O–

Ges AvK…wZ †jL| H H

+ – – – – [ 5 marks]
XeF3, ICl2, AsF6, SF5, ICl4
3 3 2 3 3
[Write down the number of bond pair electrons, lone pair 35. sp d, sp d , sp d msKi‡Y MwVZ AYymg~‡ni m¤¢ve¨ mKj AvKvi
+ – – – A¼b Ges †mLv‡b wbtm½‡Rvo B‡jKUª‡bi Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki|
electrons and shape of the compounds XeF 3, ICl2, AsF6, SF5,
[Draw all possible shapes of molecules formed by sp 3d,
–
ICl4 ] sp3d2,sp3d3 hybridization and locate the lone pair electrons.]
mgvavb:
mgvavb:
 axial position
†hŠM eÜb‡Rvo gy³‡Rvo AvK…wZ
+  equilibrium
XeF 3 3 2 T-shaped position
+
ICl2 2 3 Linear Trigonal bipyramidal see saw
AsF6
–
6 0 Octahedral w·KvYxq wØwcivwgW †XuwKKj
sp3d
– Square
SF5 5 1
pyramidal
–
ICl4 4 2 Square planar
we: `ª: cÖwZwU Dˇii Rb¨ 2 mark| T-shape Linear
T–AvK…wZ mij‰iwLK

34. (a) ei‡di wb‡Pi ¯Í‡i cvwb bv Rgvi mv‡_ nvB‡Wªv‡Rb eÛ Kxfv‡e
m¤úwK©Z? eid AYyi lof~RvKvi MVb A¼b Ki|
(b) eøy wfwUªIj Gi AYyi MVb A¼b K‡iv|
[(a)How is hydrogen bonding related to lower layers of ice Octahedron Square pyramidal
not being frozen?Draw the hexagonal structure of ice.
eM©vKvi wØwcivwgWxq
sp3d2
(b) Draw the structure of blue vitriol]
mgvavb: (a) mg‡hvRx eÜb A‡cÿv `xN©Zi H-eÜb Øviv ei‡di lof~Rxq
KvVv‡gv MwVZ nq e‡j G KvVv‡gv‡Z GK ai‡bi lof~Rxq duvKv¯’vb
m„wó nq| G‡Z GKB f‡ii cvwb †_‡K Drcbœ ei‡di AvqZb †e‡o Square planar T-Shaped
hvq| myZivs cvwb A‡cÿv ei‡di NbZ¡ K‡g hvq e‡j †giæ A‡j eM©vKvi mgZjxq T-AvK…wZi
kxZKv‡j Rjvk‡q eid Rg‡jB Zv nvjKv n‡q Dc‡i †f‡m D‡V|
myZivs mgy‡`ªi Dcwifv‡M Zvc †ivax cyiæ ei‡di ¯Íi MwVZ nq e‡j
Gi wb‡P Aew¯’Z cvwb Avi Zvc nvwi‡q VvÛv n‡Z cv‡i bv Avi ZvB sp3d3
Pentagonal Bipyramidal
ei‡di ¯Í‡ii wb‡P cvwb Avi R‡g bv| d‡j RjR Dw™¢` I cÖvYx †eu‡P Pentagonal pyramidal
_v‡K| myZivs RjR Dw™¢` I cÖvYx †eu‡P _vKvq †cQ‡bi KviYB n‡jv cÂf~Rxq wØwcivwgW cÂf~Rxq wcivwgW
H-eÜb| [ 5 marks] we: `ª: cÖwZwU Dˇii Rb¨ 2 mark|
 9
36. (a) HgCl2 eY©nxb n‡jI HgI2 jvj eY©hy³ †Kb? AgF, AgCl [(a) The molecular shape and structure of H2O and H2S is
eY©nxb n‡jI AgBr, AgI eY©hy³ †Kb? same, but their bond angle is different. Why?
(b) Classify the intermolecular force of attraction present in
(b) cvB‡ivmvjwdDwiK GwmW, cvB‡ivdmdwiK GwmW, †gUv dmdwiK
the following compounds-
GwmW MV‡bi wewµqv †`LvI|
(i) HCl (ii) CH3CH3 (iii) CH3NH2 (iv) Kr
[(a) Why is HgCl2 colorless while HgI2 is red in color? AgF, (v) bromine solution]
AgCl is colorless but why AgBr, AgI is colored? mgvavb: (a) H2O Ges H2S AYyi †K›`ªxq cigvYy h_vµ‡g ÔOÕ Ges ÔSÕ
(b) Show reactions to form pyrosulphuric acid, Gi ewnt¯Í‡ii AiweUv‡ji msKiY AbyiƒcÑ sp3| ZvB AYy؇qi
pyrophosphoric acid and meta phosphoric acid.] AvK…wZ PZz¯ÍjKxq nIqvq K_v|
mgvavb: Br– Ges I– AvKv‡i Cl– Ges F– Gi †P‡q A‡bK eo| d‡j, Br– 1 1 1
– – –
O 1s2 2s2 2px 2py 2pz
Ges I Gi †cvjvivqb Cl Ges F A‡cÿv A‡bK †ewk nq| d‡j,
HgCl2, AgF, AgCl eY©nxb n‡jI HgI2, AgBr Ges AgI eY©hy³ sp3 msKivqb
nq| [ 5 marks] 2 1 1
16S 3s2 3px 3py 3pz
(b)
– H2O sp3 msKivqb
(H2SO4) × 2 = H4S2O8  H2S2O7
(cvB‡iv mvjwdDwiK GwmW) ..

– H2O
(H3PO4) × 2 = H6P2O8  H4P2`O7
H2O : H o ..
(cvB‡iv dmdwiK GwmW)
– H2O
H3PO4  HPO3
(dmdwiK GwmW) (†gUv dmdwiK GwmW)
H
[ 5 marks]
..
37. bvgKiY Ki-
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Zn(NH3)4]SO4,
H2S : H s ..
[Ag(NH3)4]Cl, Na2[CrOF4], K[BF4], Co[(NH3)5CO3]Cl
K4[Ni(CN)4], [Al(OH) (H2O)5]2+, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
[Name them:
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Zn(NH3)4]SO4, H
[Ag(NH3)4]Cl, Na2[CrOF4], K[BF4], Co[(NH3)5CO3]Cl wKš‘ Dfq AYyi †K›`ªxq cigvYy ÔOÕ Ges ÔSÕ G 2 †Rvov K‡i gy³
K4[Ni(CN)4], [Al(OH) (H2O)5]2+, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3] B‡jKUªb _vKvq AvK…wZ cwiewZ©Z n‡q V-AvK…wZi nq Ges GKB
mgvavb: m‡½ gy³‡Rvo-eÜb‡Rvo (lp – bp) B‡jKUª‡bi weKl©‡Yi Kvi‡Y AYy
RwUj †hŠM RwUj †hŠ‡Mi bvg `ywU‡Z H – O – H Ges H – S – H eÜb †KvY 109.5 A‡cÿv n«vm
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4 †UUªvA¨vw¤§b Kcvi (II) mvj‡dU cvq| Z‡e `yB AYy‡Z eÜb †KvY n«v‡mi gvÎv wfbœ| KviY g~jZ `ywU
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 †n·vA¨vw¤§b †Kvevë (III) †K¬vivBW AYyi †K›`ªxq cigvYy wfbœ (O, S)| GKB MÖæ‡ci †gŠj n‡jI Zv‡`i
[Zn(NH3)4]SO4 †UUªvA¨vw¤§b wR¼ (II) mvj‡dU cigvYyi AvKvi wfbœ e‡j Zwor FYvZ¥KZv wfbœ| ÿz`ªvK…wZ ÔOÕ Gi
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl WvBA¨vw¤§b wmjfvi (I) †K¬vivBW Zwor FYvZ¥KZv (3.5) gvb e„n`vKvi ÔSÕ A‡cÿv †ewk (2.5)| ZvB
Na2[CrOF4] †mvwWqvg †UUªv‡d¬v‡ivA‡·v‡µv‡gU (IV) H2O AYy‡Z AwaK Zwor FYvZ¥K Aw·‡Rb cigvYyi AvKl©‡Y O – H

K[BF4] cUvwmqvg †UUªv‡d¬v‡iv‡eªv‡gU (III) e܇bi eÜbx B‡jKUªb †Rvo H2S AYyi H – S eÜbx B‡jKUªb †Rvo
A‡cÿv †K›`ªxq cigvYyi w`‡K AwaKZi ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| d‡j H2S
Co[(NH3)5CO3]Cl †c›UvA¨vw¤§bKv‡e©v‡b‡Uv‡Kvevë (III) †K¬vivBW
Gi Zzjbvq H2O AYyi †ÿ‡Î `ywU O – H e܇bi B‡jKUªb hyMj؇qi
K4[Ni(CN)4] cUvwmqvg †UUªvmvqv‡bvwb‡K‡Ub (O)
2+
g‡a¨ weKl©Y †ewk nq| ZvB `ywU H – S eÜb A‡cÿv H2O AYy‡Z
[Al(OH) (H2O)5] †c›UvA¨vKzqv nvBWª‡·v A¨vjywgwbqvg (III) Avqb
`ywU O – H eÜb ci¯úi †_‡K †ewk `~‡i m‡i hvq| GKvi‡Y H2O
Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 Avqib (III) †n·vmvqv‡bv‡d‡iU (II) AYyi H – O – H eÜb †KvY (104.5), H2S AYyi H – S – H eÜb
we: `ª: cÖwZwU Dˇii Rb¨ 1 mark| †KvY (92) A‡cÿv eo|
38. H2O Ges H2S Gi AvYweK MVb Ges AvK…wZ Abyiƒc nIqv m‡Ë¡I
eÜb †KvY wfbœ †Kb? :O:
(b) wb‡¤œv³ c`v‡_© Dcw¯’Z AvšÍtAvYweK AvKl©Y ej‡K †kÖwYMZfv‡e :S:
kbv³ Ki| 104.5
92
(i) HCl (ii) CH3CH3 (iii) CH3NH2 (iv) Kr H H H H
[5 mark]
(v) bromine solution
 10
(b) (i) HCl n‡jv †cvjvi AYy: wKš‘ H-eÜb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GwUi (ii) Dc‡iv³ 2q cÖKv‡ii dsp2 msKivq‡bi d‡j me©ewnt¯’ 4pz
AYy‡Z WvB‡cvj-WvB‡cvj AvKl©Y ej Ges we¯ÍviY ej _v‡K| AiweUv‡j GKwU we‡Rvo B‡jKUªb G‡m covq Cu2+ Avq‡bi mn‡R
(ii) CH3CH3 n‡jv A‡cvjvi: Gi AYy‡Z †Kej we¯ÍviY ej _v‡K| RvwiZ n‡q Cu3+ Avq‡b cwiYZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e
(iii) CH3NH2 n‡jv †cvjvi AYy; Gi AYy‡Z H-eÜb, WvB‡cvj- Cu2+ Avqb w¯’wZkxj Ges Cu3+ Avq‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB| ZvB
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ Avqb dsp2 msKwiZ bv n‡q sp2d msKwiZ nq, d‡j
WvB‡cvj AvKl©Y ej I we¯ÍviY ej _v‡K|
3d AiweUv‡ji we‡Rvo B‡jKUªbwU RviY gy³ Ae¯’vq _v‡K Ges
(iv) Kr n‡jv A‡cvjvi; G‡Z †Kej we¯ÍviY ej _v‡K|
AvqbwU c¨vivg¨vM‡bwUK ag© jvf K‡i| [7 mark]
(v) ¯’vqx WvB‡cvj-Avweó WvB‡cvj, †h‡nZz †eªvwgb A‡cvjvi|
[5 mark] (b)

39. (a) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 †hŠ‡M Cu Gi mwVK msKivqb hyw³mn eY©bv (i) NH3 Cl– NH3 (ii) NH3 Cl– NH3
Ki|
(b) (i) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, H3 N Co3+ NH3 Co3+ Cl–
(ii) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl I
(iii) [Co(NH3)3]Cl3] AYyi MVb AuvKvI- Cl– NH3 Cl– NH3 Cl– NH3
[(a) State the correct hybridisation of Cu in [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 Gi MVb [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl Gi MVb
proper reasoning.
(b) Draw the structure of –
(ii) Cl– NH3 Cl–
(i) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2,
(ii) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl I
Co3+
(iii) [Co(NH3)3]Cl3]

NH3
Cl – NH3
mgvavb: (a) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 †hŠ‡M Cu Gi mwVK msKiY n‡”Q sp2d|
2
G‡ÿ‡Î, dsp msKivqb A‡hŠw³K Ges Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| [Co(NH3)3Cl3] Gi MVb
2+ 2+
[Cu(NH3)4] AvqbwU c¨vivg¨vM‡bwUK A_©vr Cu Avq‡b we‡Rvo [3 mark]

B‡jKUªb Av‡Q Ges iÄbiwk¥ cixÿv g‡Z mgZjxq eM©vKvi| ZvB

40. (a) s – s, s – p, p – p GB wZb ai‡bi wmMgv e܇bi g‡a¨ †KvbwU
G‡Z wb‡¤œv³ B‡jKUªb web¨vm mn‡hv‡M PviwU wjM¨vÛ (:NH3) cÖ`Ë
me‡P‡q `ye©j Ges †KvbwU me‡P‡q kw³kvjx Ges †Kb?
PviwU B‡jKUªb hyM‡j sp2d msKivqb N‡U| †hgb, (b) BF3 AYyi mvgwMÖK WvB‡cvj †gv‡g‡›Ui gvb k~b¨ nq †Kb?
H3 N: :NH3 [(a) Among s – s, s – p, p – p bonds which one is the
strongest and weakest and why?
Cu2+ (b) Why is the dipole moment of BF3 is zero?]
mgvavb: (a) p – p  e܇bi †ÿ‡Î mshy³ AiweUvj `ywUi Aÿ eivei
H3 N: :NH3
Awaµg‡Yi d‡j A‡bKUv ¯’vb Ry‡o AwaµgY nq, A_©vr Awaµg‡Yi
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ †ÿ‡Îi (area of overlapping) we¯Ívi †ewk nq| ZvB Drcbœ
&Gi mgZjxq eM©vKvi MVb p – p  eÜb me‡P‡q `„p I ¯’vqx nq| s – p  e܇bi †ÿ‡Î,
mgZjxq eM©vKvi MV‡bi Rb¨ dsp2 msKiY A_ev sp2d Dfq cÖKvi s-AiweUv‡ji AwfgyL bv _vKvi Rb¨ p-AiweUv‡ji †ÿ‡Î AwfgyLB s
msKiY m¤¢e| ev¯Íe [Cu(NH3)4]2+ Avq‡bi †ejvq sp2d msKiY – p e܇bi AwfgyL nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Awaµg‡Yi †ÿ‡Î (area of
overlapping) we¯Ívi gvSvgvwS| ZvB s – p  e܇bi ¯’vwqZ¡ I
h_v_©fv‡e N‡U, wØZxq cÖKvi A_©vr dsp2 msKivqb Aev¯Íe| Gi hyw³
`„pZv gvSvgvwS nq| s – s  e܇bi †ÿ‡Î, s-AiweUv‡ji †Kv‡bv
wb¤œiƒc:
AwfgyL bv _vKvi Rb¨ AwaµgY †ÿ‡Îi we¯Ívi me‡P‡q Kg nq| ZvB
(i) †m‡ÿ‡Î Cu2+ Avq‡bi 3d AiweUv‡ji we‡Rvo B‡jKUªbwU‡K
s – s  eÜb me‡P‡q `ye©j| [5 marks]
D”Pkw³i Lvwj 4p AiweUv‡j D‡ËvwjZ Ki‡Z nq| ZLb wb‡¤œv³
(b) BF3 AYyi †K›`ªxq B cigvYy‡Z sp2 msKivqb N‡U| †K›`ªxq B
B‡jKUªb web¨vm mn‡hv‡M PviwU wjM¨vÛ (:NH3) cÖ`Ë PviwU B‡jKUªb cigvYyi sp2 msKwiZ AiweUv‡ji mv‡_ wZbwU F cigvYyi 2pz
hyM‡j dsp2 msKiY NU‡Z cv‡i| AiweUv‡ji B‡jKUª‡bi Awaµg‡Yi d‡j BF3 w·KvYvKvi mgZjxq
3d 4s 4p ev wÎfzRxq MVb KvVv‡gv m„wó K‡i| wÎfz‡Ri wZbwU kxl©we›`y‡Z wZbwU
Cu  [Ar] ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿
2+
F cigvYy Ae¯’vb K‡i| cÖwZwU F – B – F eÜb †Kv‡Yi gvb 120|
cÖwZwU B – F eÜb †cvjvi| †cvjvi eÜb wZbwUi w؇giæ åvg‡Ki
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂ : : : : ↿
gvb GKB nIqvq †h †Kv‡bv `ywU eÜb åvg‡Ki jwä Z…Zxq åvgKwUi
NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3
mgvb Ges wecixZgyLx nq| Gi d‡j BF3 AYyi mvgwMÖK WvB‡cvj
dsp2 msKivqY †gv‡g‡›Ui gvb k~b¨ nq| [5 mark]