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Question 1

State the order of each matrix below:

4 2 3
(a) (3 6 6) number of rows × number of columns
1 6 3
3×3

3
(b) (2) number of rows × number of columns
5
3×1

(c) (234) number of rows × number of columns

1×3

3
2
(d) ( ) number of rows × number of columns
3
6
4×1

(4 marks)

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Question 2

State the order of the following matrices:

2 5
2 6
(a) 3 9 number of rows × number of columns
1 2
(3 2)
5 ×2

4 5
(b) ( ) number of rows × number of columns
4 5
2 ×2

(c) ( 2 3 4 6) number of rows × number of columns

1 ×4

3
2
(d) 3 number of rows × number of columns
6
( 7 )
5 ×1

(4 marks)

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Question 3

Consider the following matrices:

4 5 1 3 6 2
A= ( ) B= ( ) C= ( )
4 5 4 9 1 3
Determine the following:

(a) A + B =

4 5 1 3 4+1 5+3 𝟓 𝟖
( )+ ( ) = ( )=( )
4 5 4 9 4+4 5+9 𝟖 𝟏𝟒

(b) A + 2B =
4 5
A=( )
4 5
1 3
B=( )
4 9
2×1 2×3 2 6
2B = ( )= ( )
2×4 2×9 8 18
4+2 5+ 6 𝟔 𝟏𝟏
A + 2B = ( )=( )
4+8 5 + 18 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟑

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(c) 3B + A =
1 3
B=( )
4 9
3×1 3×3 3 9
3B = ( ) =( )
3 ×4 3 ×9 12 27
4 5
A=( )
4 5
3+4 9+5 𝟕 𝟏𝟒
3B + A = ( ) = ( )
12 + 4 27 + 5 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐

(d) 2A + 2B =
4 5 2×4 2×5 8 10
A=( ) 2A = ( )=( )
4 5 2×4 2 ×5 8 10
1 3 2×1 2×3 2 6
B=( ) 2B= ( )=( )
4 9 2×4 2 ×9 8 18

8+2 10 + 6 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟔
2A + 2B = ( )=( )
8+8 10 + 18 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟖

(e) 2B + A - C =

2 6 4 5 6 2
2B = ( ) A=( ) C=( )
8 18 4 5 1 3

2 6 4 5 6 2
2B + A - C = ( )+( )- ( )
8 18 4 5 1 3
2+4−6 6+5−2
2B + A - C = ( )
8+4−1 18 + 5 − 3
𝟎 𝟗
2B + A – C = ( )
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟎

(10 marks)

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Question 4

Determine the values of P, Q, R and S.

5 𝑃 3−5 𝑄 10
(a) ( )+( )=( )
20 5 𝑅 6 18 𝑆
P + -5 = 10 20 + R = 18

P = 10 + 5 = 15 R = 18 - 20

P =15 R = -2

5+3=Q 5+6=S

Q=8 S = 11

Determine the values of A, B, C and D.

(b) (3 𝐴) + ( 2 1 ) = ( 𝐵 3 )
4 9 3 5 𝐶 𝐷
3+2=B 4+3=C

B=5 C=7

A+1=3 9+5=D

A=3-1 D = 14

A=2

(4 marks)

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Question 5

Consider the following matrices:

1 2 9 10 11 12
P= ( ) Q=( ) R=( )
2 6 8 7 1 2

(a) Q + R = (9 10) + (11 12) = (9 + 11 10 + 12)

8 7 1 2 8+1 7+2

Q + R = (𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟐)
𝟗 𝟗

(b) P + 2Q + R =
1 2 18 20 11 12
P= ( ) 2Q = ( ) R=( )
2 6 16 14 1 2

1 + 18 + 11 2 + 20 + 12 30 34
P + 2Q + R = ( )=( )
2 + 16 + 1 6 + 14 + 2 19 22

𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟒
P + 2Q + R = ( )
𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟐

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(c) R - P =

11 12 1 2
R=( ) P= ( )
1 2 2 6

11 − 1 12 − 2
R-P=( )
1−2 2−6

𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
R-P=( )
−𝟏 −𝟒

(d) 2Q - R =
2×9 2 × 10 18 20
2Q = ( )= ( )
2×8 2×7 16 14
18 20
2Q = ( )
16 14
18 20 11 12
2Q = ( ) R=( )
16 14 1 2
18 − 11 20 − 12
2Q - R = ( )
16 − 1 14 − 2
𝟕 𝟖
2Q - R = ( )
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟐

(e) P + Q + R =

1 2 9 10 11 12
P= ( ) Q=( ) R=( )
2 6 8 7 1 2
1 + 9 + 11 2 + 10 + 12
P+Q+R=( )
2+8+1 6+7+2
𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟒
P+Q+R=( )
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟓

(10 marks)

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Question 6

Consider the following matrices:

1 5 9 1 11 12
A= ( ) B=( ) C=( )
2 6 8 1 1 1

(a) Find |𝐀|, |𝐁|, |𝐂|

A = ( 1 5) let A = (
𝑎 𝑏
) |𝐀| = (a) (d) – (b) (c)
2 6 𝑐 𝑑
|𝐀| = (1) (6) – (5) (2) |𝐀| = 6 -10

|𝐀| = -4

B = ( 9 1) let B = (
𝑎 𝑏
) |𝐁| = (a) (d) – (b) (c)
8 1 𝑐 𝑑
|𝐁| = (9) (1) – (1) (8)

|𝐁| = 1

C = (11 12) let C = (

𝑎 𝑏
)
1 1 𝑐 𝑑
|𝐂| = (11) (1) – (12) (1)

|𝐂| = 11-12

|𝐂|= -1

(6 marks)
(b) Find 𝐀 −𝟏

1 𝑑 −𝑏 1 𝑑 −𝑏
𝐀−𝟏 = |𝐀| ( ) = ( )
−𝑐 𝑎 (𝑎)(𝑑)−(𝑏)(𝑐) −𝑐 𝑎
1 6 −5 −𝟏. 𝟓 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
A-1 = − 4 ( ) A-1 = ( )
−2 1 𝟎. 𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟐𝟓

(3 marks)

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(c) Find 𝐁 −𝟏
9 1 𝑎 𝑏
B=( ) let B = ( )
8 1 𝑐 𝑑
1 𝑑 −𝑏 1 𝑑 −𝑏
B −1 = |𝐁| ( ) = ( )
−𝑐 𝑎 (𝑎)(𝑑)−(𝑏)(𝑐) −𝑐 𝑎
1 1 −1
B-1 = − ( )
1 −8 9
𝟏 −𝟏
B- 1 = ( )
−𝟖 𝟗

(3 marks)
(d) Find 𝐂 −𝟏
11 12 𝑎 𝑏
C=( ) let C = ( )
1 1 𝑐 𝑑
1 𝑑 −𝑏 1 1 −12
𝐂 −𝟏 = |𝐂| ( ) = ( )
−𝑐 𝑎 −1 −1 11
−𝟏 𝟏𝟐
C-1 = ( )
𝟏 −𝟏𝟏

(3 marks)

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Question 7

Multiply the following matrices. If the matrices cannot be multiplied

state a reason why.
1 8 3 3 3 1×3 +8×4 1×3+ 8×4 1×3+ 8×4
(a) ( )×( )= ( )
2 6 4 4 4 2×3+6×4 2×3+6×4 2×3+6×4
2×2 2×3
1×3 +8×4 1×3+ 8×4 1×3+ 8×4 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
( )=( )
2×3+6×4 2×3+6×4 2×3+6×4 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎

(2 marks)

(b) (
9 10
8 9
) × (
11 12
1 1
) =(
9 × 11 + 10 × 1
8 × 11 + 9 × 1
9 × 12 + 10 × 1
8 × 12 + 9 × 1
)

2×2 2×2 = (99 + 10 108 + 10) = (𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝟏𝟏𝟖)

88 + 9 96 + 9 𝟗𝟕 𝟏𝟎𝟓

(2 marks)

c) (
3 3 3
4 4 4
) × (
1
2
8
6
) =

2×3 2×2

These matrices cannot be multiplied since the number of columns in the first matrix is
not equal to number of rows in the second matrix.

(2 marks)

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Question 8

1 3 9 16 11 11
P=( ) Q =( ) R =( )
1 6 1 2 0 1

(a) Find PQ
1 3 9 16 1×9+3×1 1 × 16 + 3 × 2
PQ = ( )× ( ) =( )
1 6 1 2 1×9+6×1 1 × 16 + 6 × 2

9+3 16 + 6 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟐
PQ = ( ) PQ = ( )
9+6 16 + 12 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟖

(2 marks)

(b) Find QR
9 16 11 11 9 × 11 + 16 × 0 9 × 11 + 16 × 1
QR = ( )×( )=( )
1 2 0 1 1 × 11 + 2 × 0 1 × 11 + 2 × 1
99 + 0 99 + 16 𝟗𝟗 𝟏𝟏𝟓
QR = ( ) QR = ( )
11 + 0 11 + 2 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟑

(2 marks)

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(c) Find RQ
11 11 9 16 11 × 9 + 11 × 1 11 × 16 + 11 × 2
RQ = ( )× ( )=( )
0 1 1 2 0×9+1×1 0 × 16 + 1 × 2
99 + 11 176 + 22
RQ = ( )
0+1 0+2
𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟗𝟖
RQ = ( )
𝟏 𝟐

(2 marks)

(d) Find PQR

PQR = PQ × R
𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Recall from (a) PQ = ( )
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟖

12 22 11 11
PQR = ( )× ( )
15 28 0 1

PQR = (12 × 11 + 22 × 0 12 × 11 + 22 × 1)
15 × 11 + 28 × 0 15 × 11 + 28 × 1

132 + 0 132 + 22
PQR = ( )
165 + 0 165 + 28

𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟓𝟒
PQR = ( )
𝟏𝟔𝟓 𝟏𝟗𝟑

(2 marks)

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Question 9

(a) Express the equations

2x - 6y = 0

3x + 2y = 44

in the form AX = B, where A, X and B are matrices.

2 −6 𝑥 0
( ) (𝑦) = ( )
3 2 44

𝟐 −𝟔 𝒙 𝟎
A=( ) X = (𝒚) B = ( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟒𝟒

(2 marks)

(b) Express the equations

4x - 3y = 5

5x - 2y = 8

in the form AX = B, where A,X and B are matrices.

4 −3 𝑥 5
( ) (𝑦) = ( )
5 −2 8

𝟒 −𝟑 𝒙 𝟓
A=( ) X = (𝒚) B=( )
𝟓 −𝟐 𝟖

(2 marks)

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Question 10

Solve the simultaneous equations using matrices:

x + y = 14

2x + 3y = 33
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟒
( ) ( )=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝒚 𝟑𝟑
A X B
X = A-1 B
𝒙 1 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏𝟒
(𝒚) = |𝐀| ( ) ( )
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟑𝟑
𝑎 𝑏
let A = ( )
𝑐 𝑑
|𝐀| = (a) (d) – (b) (c) |𝐀| = (1) (3)-(1) (2) |𝐀| = 3-2 |𝐀| =1
𝑥 1 3 −1 14 𝑥 3 −1 14
(𝑦) = 1 ( ) ( ) (𝑦) = ( ) ( )
−2 1 33 2 1 33
2×2 2×1

𝑥 3 −1 14
(𝑦) = ( ) ( )
−2 1 33
𝑥 3 × 14 + −1 × 33
(𝑦) = ( )
−2 × 14 + 1 × 33
𝑥 42 − 33
(𝑦) = ( )
− 28 + 33
𝒙 𝟗
(𝒚) = ( )
𝟓

x=9

y=5

(6 marks)

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Question 11

Solve the simultaneous equations using matrices.

a + b = 10

3a + 2b = 28

𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝟏𝟎
( ) ( )=( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝒃 𝟐𝟖
A X B

X= A-1 B
𝒂 1 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝑎 𝑏
( ) = |𝐀| ( ) ( ) let A = ( )
𝒃 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟐𝟖 𝑐 𝑑
|𝐀| = (a) (d) – (b) (c) |𝐀| = (1) (2) - (1) (3) |𝐀| = 2-3 |𝐀| = -1
𝑎 1 2 −1 10 𝑎 −2 1 10
( ) = −1 ( ) ( ) ( )=( ) ( )
𝑏 −3 1 28 𝑏 3 −1 28
2×2 2×1

𝑎 −2 1 10
( ) =( ) ( )
𝑏 3 −1 28
𝑎 −2 × 10 + 1 × 28
( )=( )
𝑏 3 × 10 + −1 × 28
𝑎 −20 + 28
( ) = ( )
𝑏 30 − 28
𝑎 8
( ) = ( )
𝑏 2

a=8

b=2

(6 marks)

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Question 12

Solve the simultaneous equations using matrices.

p – q = 10

2p + q = 26

𝟏 −𝟏 𝒑 𝟏𝟎
( ) (𝒒 ) = ( )
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝟔
A X B

X= A-1 B
𝒑 1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝑎 𝑏
(𝒒) = |𝐀| ( ) ( ) let A = ( )
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝟔 𝑐 𝑑
|𝐀| = (a) (d) – (b) (c) |𝐀| = (1) (1) - (-1) (2) |𝐀| = 1 + 2 |𝐀| = 3
1 1
𝑝 1 1 1 10 𝑎 3 3 10
(𝑞 ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) = (−2 ) ( )
3 −2 1 26 𝑏 1 28
3 3

2×2 2×1
1 1
𝑝 × 10 + × 26
(𝑞 ) = (−23 3
1 )
× 10 +
3 3
× 26

10 26
𝑝 3
+ 3
(𝑞 ) = (−20 26 )
3
+ 3

36
𝑝
(𝑞 ) = ( 36 )
3

𝑝 12
(𝑞 ) = ( )
2
p = 12

q=2

(6 marks)

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Question 13

(a) The Matrix A is defined as:

5 2
A=( )
𝑏 4
Determine the value of b for which the matrix A does not have an
inverse.
𝑤 𝑥
Let A = ( 𝑦 𝑧 ) |𝐀| = (w) (z) – (x) (y)
The matrix A does not have an inverse when |A| = 0

0 = (5) (4) – (2) (b)

20 -2b =0
-2b = -20
20
b= 2
b= 10 (The matrix A does not have an inverse when b=10)

(2 marks)

(b) The Matrix C is defined as:

6 𝑑
C= ( )
2 4
Determine the value of d for which the matrix C does not have an
inverse.
𝑤 𝑥
Let C = ( 𝑦 𝑧 ) |𝐀| = (w) (z) – (x) (y)

The matrix C does not have an inverse when |C| = 0

0= (6) (4) – (d) (2)
24 -2d = 0

-2d = -24
−24
d= −2
d = 12 (The matrix C does not have an inverse when d =12)

(2 marks)

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Question 14

(a) The Matrix Y is defined as:

−5 2
Y=( )
𝑝 4
Determine the value of p for which the matrix Y does not have an
inverse.
𝑎 𝑏
Let Y = ( ) |𝐘| = (a) (d) – (b) (c)
𝑐 𝑑
The matrix A does not have an inverse when |Y| = 0
0= (-5) (4) – (2) (p)

-20 -2p = 0

-2p = -20
20
p= p = -10 (The matrix A does not have an inverse when p= -10)
2

(2 marks)

(b) The Matrix Z is defined as:

10 ℎ
Z=( )
9 18
Determine the value of h for which the matrix Z does not have an
inverse.
𝑎 𝑏 |𝐙|
Let Z = ( ) = (a) (d) – (b) (c)
𝑐 𝑑
The matrix A does not have an inverse when |Z| = 0
0 = (10) (18) – (h) (9)

180 -9h = 0

-9h = -180
−180
h= −9
h = 20 (The matrix A does not have an inverse when h = 20)

(2 marks)

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Question 15

(a) State the 2 × 2 transformation matrix which represents a

reflection in the line y = x.

𝟎 𝟏
( )
𝟏 𝟎

(b) State the 2 × 2 transformation matrix which represents a

reflection in the line y = -x.

𝟎 −𝟏
( )
−𝟏 𝟎

(c) State the 2 × 2 transformation matrix which represents a

reflection in the x axis.

𝟏 𝟎
( )
𝟎 −𝟏

(d) State the 2 × 2 transformation matrix which represents a

reflection in the y axis.

−𝟏 𝟎
( )
𝟎 𝟏

(e) State the 2 × 2 transformation matrix which represents a

90ᵒ clockwise rotation about the origin.

𝟎 𝟏
( )
−𝟏 𝟎

(10 marks)

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