TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAM

BY

OGELEKA OGORCHUKWU GEORGE

ENG/EEE/220124

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

BENSON IDAHOSA UNIVERSITY, BENIN CITY

AUGUST 6, 2024.

I
 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to my beloved parents Engr. and (Dr.) Mrs. M. O. Ogeleka for their

love and unconditional support in my life.

II
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to register my profound gratitude to God for the guidance and grace towards my life.

I’m grateful to the entire staff of Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State for

making Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) training interesting, educative

and worthwhile.

My special gratitude goes to my Dean, Prof. D. Ikhu-Omoregbe and to my Head of

Department (H.O.D), Dr. Joy N. Ayidu for her efforts to see that this work saw the light of

day. I appreciate all my amazing lecturers in my department, my wonderful supervisor, Engr.

F.E. Okhaise as well as Mr. Okundamiya P.T, Engr. Omola, Engr. Favour for their seasoned

lectures, to them all, I say thank you very much and God bless you all, Amen.

My regards to my amazing parents Engr. and Dr. (Mrs.) M. O. Ogeleka who have

continuously supported my educational pursuit emotionally and financially, I say, thank you

very much and God bless both of you. To my engineering course mates, whom we have all

studied and worked hard together, I sincerely appreciate you all. And lastly, to my beloved

siblings, Pharm. Nwakaego Ebong, Engr. Nkechi Umukoro, Mrs Ishioma Ikechukwu. I love

you all, you are the best.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Dedication

Acknowledgments

Table of Contents

Abstracts

CHAPTER ONE: ABOUT STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

SCHEME

1. About SIWES

2. Scope of SIWES

3. Aims and Objectives of SIWES

4. Background and history of Benson Idahosa University

5. Organizational Chart of Benson Idahosa University

CHAPTER TWO: THE LABORATORY

1. Introduction to the laboratory

2. Safety rules of the laboratory

3. Emergency in the laboratory

4. Hazardous materials

5. Hazardous equipment

6. Laboratory equipment and their uses

IV
CHAPTER THREE: THE DEPARTMENTS, LABORATORY SECTIONS AND

VARIOUS PROJECTS CARRIED OUT

1. The Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department

2. Electronic and Telecommunications Laboratory

3. Electrical Installation Laboratory

4. Power and Machines Laboratory

5. Civil and Environmental Engineering Department

6. Survey Laboratory

7. Structural and Concrete Laboratory

8. Water and Environmental Laboratory

CHAPTER FOUR: SUMMARY, CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED,

RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

1. Summary of activities

2. Challenges encountered

3. Recommendations

4. Conclusions

V
 ABSTRACT

The student Industrial Work Experience Scheme established by the Federal Government of
Nigeria was aimed at exposing students of higher institutions to acquire industrial skill and
practical experiences in their approved courses of study and also to prepare the students for
the industrial work situation which they are likely to meet after graduation. The technical
report is based on the experiences gained during my six months of industrial training at
Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Edo State. The primary aim of this industrial training
was to bridge the gap between the theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom and
practical applications in the field of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. During the course
of the training program, I was actively involved in various technical tasks, including
construction of a half-wave rectifier, construction of an ethernet cable, electrical wiring and
fitting of a room, construction of a transformer, construction and wiring of a 15amp extension
plug and was exposed to real-world engineering challenges such as abiding by safety rules
and regulations, equipment malfunction, system design flaws. The training also enhanced my
skills in such as circuit design, engineering measurement, electrical instrumentation,
telecommunication as well as power and machines. I learnt soft skills like teamwork,
communication, and problem-solving. Overall, the experience contributed significantly to my
professional development, offering invaluable insight into the practical aspects of electrical
and electronic engineering, as well as an appreciation for industry standards and workplace
safety protocols.

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 CHAPTER ONE

ABOUT SIWES

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skills training program

designed to expose students of Nigerian tertiary institutions to the industrial work

environment in their field of study. It is a mandatory program coordinated by the Industrial

Training Fund (ITF) to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical

experience.

For students of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department at Benson Idahosa

University, SIWES provides an opportunity to apply classroom theories to real-world

situations, while gaining firsthand experience in industry practices. The program is essential

for the development of students' technical, problem-solving and professional skills, preparing

them for future careers in the engineering field.

The SIWES program lasts for a period of six weeks and involves students being placed in

various industries and organizations that specialize in electrical and electronics engineering.

During the industrial attachment, students are expected to work under the supervision of both

industry professionals and their university supervisors.

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 SCOPE OF SIWES

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) for students in the Electrical and

Electronics Engineering Department at Benson Idahosa University is designed to provide

hands-on experience in various areas of the electrical and electronics industry. The scope of

the program covers a wide range of activities that align with the students’ academic training

and professional aspirations in engineering.

Practical Application of Theoretical Knowledge

The primary focus of SIWES is to enable students to apply the theoretical concepts acquired

during their studies to real-world problems in the field of electrical and electronic

engineering. This includes the practical implementation of:

 Electrical circuit design

 Installation and maintenance of electrical systems

 Troubleshooting of electrical and electronic devices

 Power generation, transmission, and distribution systems

Students will gain exposure to current technologies and tools used in the electrical and

electronic sector. These include:

 Programmable logic controllers (PLCs)

 Microprocessors and embedded systems

 Telecommunications equipment

 Renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power systems

 Instrumentation and control systems

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Safety and Compliance Training

A critical part of the SIWES experience involves training on industry safety standards and

regulatory compliance. Students will be introduced to:

 Workplace safety protocols and procedures

 Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

 Electrical safety practices

 Relevant industry codes and regulations

Technical Skills Development

SIWES offers students the opportunity to develop essential technical skills in:

 Electrical installation and wiring techniques

 Soldering, testing, and repairing electronic circuits

 Calibration of instruments and meters

 Maintenance and operation of electrical machines such as transformers, motors, and

generators

Professional and Soft Skills Enhancement

In addition to technical skills, students are exposed to a professional work environment,

helping them to build critical soft skills, such as:

 Communication and interpersonal skills

 Teamwork and collaboration in an industrial setting

 Time management and organizational skills

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  Problem-solving and critical thinking in real-time scenarios

Report Writing and Documentation

As part of the program, students are required to document their experiences, maintain a

logbook of daily activities, and submit a comprehensive report at the end of the internship.

This enhances their ability to communicate technical concepts effectively, which is vital for

career progression.

Conclusion

The scope of SIWES at Benson Idahosa University is broad, practical, technical, and

professional development. By the end of the program, students will have gained valuable

industry experience, improved their technical competence, and built a foundation for a

successful engineering career.

X
 Aim of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)

The aim of SIWES is to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical

application for students in tertiary institutions by providing them with hands-on experience in

their field of study. This helps to prepare them for the challenges of the workplace and

enhances their employability after graduation.

Objectives of SIWES

1. To expose students to real-life industrial and workplace environments related to their

course of study.

2. To help students apply theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom to practical

situations.

3. To develop students' technical and professional skills.

4. To improve students' problem-solving abilities through practical engagement.

5. To create opportunities for students to familiarize themselves with modern equipment,

tools, and technology.

6. To promote industry-academia collaboration and foster partnerships between educational

institutions and industries.

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 Brief history and background of Benson Idahosa University (B.I.U)

Benson Idahosa University (BIU) is a private Christian university located in Benin City, Edo

State, Nigeria. It was founded in 2002 by the Church of God Mission International, under the

leadership of late Archbishop Benson Andrew Idahosa, a renowned Pentecostal preacher and

founder of the church.

The university was established with a vision to provide quality education that integrates

academic excellence with Christian values. BIU offers undergraduate and postgraduate

programs across various disciplines, including sciences, engineering, law, business, and the

arts.

Ownership

BIU is owned and operated by the Church of God Mission International, led by the chancellor

of the university, Archbishop Margaret Benson Idahosa.

Registration and Accreditation

Benson Idahosa University is fully registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC)

of Nigeria and is accredited by the National Universities Commission (NUC), the regulatory

body for universities in Nigeria. This ensures that its academic programs meet national

standards for higher education in the country.

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ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF BENSON IDAHOSA UNIVERSITY (B.I.U)

XIII
 CHAPTER TWO

INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY

During my SIWES placement, I was exposed to various laboratory activities relevant to

Electrical and Electronic Engineering. The laboratory serves as a critical environment for

testing, experimentation, and analysis of theoretical concepts learned in the classroom. It is

equipped with modern tools and instruments essential for conducting experiments,

troubleshooting electrical systems, and validating engineering designs. My experience in the

laboratory involved practical applications such as circuit design, testing of electrical

components, and data analysis, which enhanced my hands-on skills and understanding of core

engineering principles.

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 SAFETY RULES IN THE LABORATORY

Here are safety rules that was applied in the engineering laboratory;

Working in the laboratory during my (SIWES) placement required strict adherence to safety

protocols to ensure a safe and productive environment. The following safety rules were given

and emphasized:

1. Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Lab coats, safety goggles,

and gloves must be worn at all times to protect against chemical, electrical, and

physical hazards.

2. Follow instructions and safety Rules: All procedures should be followed precisely,

and safety signs must be adhered to in order to prevent accidents.

3. Handle equipment with care: Always switch off electrical devices when not in use,

and avoid touching live circuits with bare hands to prevent electric shocks.

4. Maintain a clean and Organized Workspace: Ensure that the workspace is free from

clutter and that equipment is properly stored after use to avoid tripping hazards and

accidental damage.

5. Know the location of safety equipment: Familiarize yourself with the locations of fire

extinguishers, first aid kits, and emergency exits in case of an emergency.

6. No eating or drinking in the laboratory: To prevent contamination and accidental

ingestion of harmful substances, eating and drinking are strictly prohibited in the lab.

7. Report Accidents immediately: Any injuries, spills, or equipment malfunctions must

be reported to the supervisor or lab technician immediately to ensure prompt action.

8. Handle hazardous materials with care: Chemicals and other hazardous substances

must be handled according to specified guidelines, including proper disposal methods.

XV
9. Use electrical equipment safely: Always double-check connections before powering

on devices, and use insulated tools for electrical work to minimize risks.

10. Keep a safe distance from moving machinery: When working with rotating or moving

equipment, maintain a safe distance to avoid injury.

These safety rules ensured that all laboratory activities were conducted in a safe and

controlled manner, minimizing risks during my industrial training.

XVI
 EMERGENCY IN THE LABORATORY

What is an emergency in the laboratory?

An emergency in a laboratory refers to an unexpected situation that poses an immediate

risk to health, safety, or equipment. This could involve chemical spills, fires, electrical

hazards, gas leaks, equipment malfunctions, or injuries. Such emergencies require swift,

organized responses to prevent harm and minimize damage.

Procedures during an emergency in the laboratory during (SIWES)

1. Inform the lab supervisor or technician of the emergency immediately.

2. If the emergency involves hazardous materials (e.g., chemical spill, fire, electrical

hazard), evacuate all students and staff from the lab to a safe distance.

3. Turn off all electrical equipment and power supplies, especially if there's a risk of

short circuits, sparks, or fire.

4. Use appropriate neutralizing agents (e.g., sodium bicarbonate for acids) to contain

and neutralize the spill. Ensure the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

such as gloves, goggles, and aprons.

5. Use the appropriate fire extinguisher (e.g., CO2 or foam extinguisher) if there's a

small fire. For larger fires, pull the fire alarm and wait for emergency responders.

6. If smoke or toxic fumes are present, ensure proper ventilation by opening

windows or using the lab's exhaust system.

7. Administer first aid to any injured individuals. For chemical burns, rinse the

affected area with water for at least 15 minutes. Call for medical assistance if

necessary.

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8. Record the details of the emergency, including the cause, response actions, and

any injuries. Submit the report to the lab supervisor and university safety officers

for review.

9. Conduct a thorough inspection of the lab after the emergency. Review safety

protocols and ensure all damaged equipment is repaired or replaced.

10. Reinforce safety training for all students and staff to prevent future incidents.

XVIII
 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Hazardous materials are substances that pose risks to health, safety, or the environment, such

as chemicals, gases, or biological agents. In an engineering laboratory, these materials can

cause injury, illness, or environmental damage if not handled properly. During the (SIWES)

program, hazardous materials can be handled safely by following these guidelines:

1. I wore personal protective equipment such as lab coats, gloves, goggles, and face shields to

protect against spills or exposure.

2. I ensured all containers are clearly labelled with their contents and associated hazards.

3. I used fume hoods when working with volatile or harmful chemicals to avoid inhaling

fumes.

4. I Stored hazardous materials in appropriate, secure containers and locations, away from

incompatible substances.

5. I had spill kits available and know how to use them in case of accidents.

6. I ensured I followed all laboratory safety protocols and underwent training on handling

hazardous materials.

By adhering to these measures, I minimized the risks and safely managed hazardous materials

during my (SIWES) experience.

XIX
 HAZARDOUS EQIPMENT

Hazardous equipment refers to tools or machines in the engineering laboratory that pose risks

of injury, such as electric shock, burns, cuts, or crushing if not used properly. These include

power tools, high-voltage equipment, machinery with moving parts, and devices generating

heat or radiation. Hazardous equipment can be safely handled by following these guidelines:

1. I ensured I received training on how to safely operate all equipment before use.

2. I wore appropriate safety gear, such as gloves, goggles, hard hats, or ear protection,

depending on the equipment.

3.I inspected all equipment for damage or defects before operating it.

4. I adhered to the manufacturer's guidelines and laboratory safety protocols when using

equipment.

5. I familiarized with the location of emergency stop buttons and power shut-off switches.

6. I worked under the supervision of experienced staff or mentors, especially when using

complex or dangerous equipment.

I followed these precautions and ensured that all hazardous equipment were safely managed

during my SIWES program.

XX
 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND THEIR USES

Laboratory equipment are specialized tools and devices used in labs to test, measure, analyse,

and construct electrical and electronic circuits. These instruments helped me as an

engineering student to understand electrical properties, troubleshoot circuits and design

electronic systems. They are essential for research, development, and experimentation in the

field of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

1. Oscilloscope: It was used to measure and visualize electrical signals,

displaying voltage variations over time.

2. Digital Multi-meter: It was used to measure electrical properties such as

voltage, current, and resistance in circuits.

3. Soldering Iron: It was used to melt solder for creating strong, conductive joints

between electronic components.

4. Power Supply Unit: It was used to supply a stable voltage and current to

electrical circuits for testing purposes.

5. Breadboard: It was used to build and test prototype circuits without soldering

by providing a platform for component connections.

6. Tester: A kind of screw driver which was used to check the presence and flow

of current in a wire or circuit.

7. 15A Sockets and Plugs: The socket was used for medium-power appliances

and equipment such as televisions, computers, or fans while the plugs

connected the appliances to the socket, allowing the transfer of electricity up

to 15 amps safely.

8. Crimping tool or RJ-45 crimping tool: The tool was used to clip or cut and

attach connectors to an Ethernet cable.

XXI
9. Pliers: Are hand tools which were used for gripping, twisting, bending, or

cutting materials such as wires.

XXII
 CHAPTER THREE

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT

The Electrical and Electronic Department at Benson Idahosa University

provided a comprehensive education in the principles and applications of

electrical and electronic systems. The department focused on equipping me

with both theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for the industry.

Sub Laboratories in the department

1. Power and Machines: This laboratory facilitated hands-on experiments

related to electrical power generation, transmission, and machinery.

Students conducted tests on transformers, generators, and motors,

allowing them to apply theoretical concepts in real-world scenarios.

2. Electronic and Telecommunication: In this laboratory, students

explored the fundamentals of electronics and telecommunication

systems. They engaged in experiments involving circuit design, signal

processing, and communication systems, enhancing their

understanding of modern electronic devices and technologies.

3. Electrical and Installation: This laboratory focused on practical training

in electrical wiring and installation techniques. Students learned to

design and implement electrical systems for residential and

commercial buildings, gaining essential skills in safety standards and

best practices.

XXIII
Overall, the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department at Benson Idahosa University

played and continue to play a significant role in shaping the next generation of engineers by

combining academic rigor with practical experience through its specialized sub laboratories.

XXIV
 ELECTRONIC AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY

PROJECT: SOLDERING AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER

I was provided with a manual and I taught by my instructor that soldering is the

process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler

metal into the joint. The filler metal must have a relatively low melting point. Soldering is

used to form a permanent connection between two electronic components. The metal is to be

heated with a soldering iron and then solder is melted into the connection. I proceeded to

learning about soldering tools, soldering tools are tools used for carrying out soldering

process.

Some of the soldering tools are as follows;

1. Soldering Iron.

2. Soldering Station.

3. Soldering Iron Tip.

4. Brass or Conventional Sponge.

5. Soldering Stand.

6. Solder.

7. Helping Hand (The Third Hand).

I saw each of these tools mentioned above, their function and how each of them worked, then

our instructor proceeded to teach us how to prepare the soldering iron for soldering by

tinning.

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 PREPARING THE SOLDERING IRON FOR SOLDERING BY TINNING

I learnt that before you start soldering, I need to prepare soldering iron by tinning, this

process helps improve heat transfer from the iron to the item I’m soldering. Tinning also

helps to protect the tip and reduce wear. Below are the brief steps to follow while tinning the

tip of the soldering iron.

STEP 1: Make sure the tip is attached to the iron and screwed tightly in place.

STEP 2: Turn on your soldering iron and let it heat up to 400 degrees Celsius or 752 degrees

Celsius.

STEP 3: Clean the tip of your soldering iron with your sponge.

STEP 4: Hold the soldering iron in one hand with your solder in the other, touch the solders

to the tip of the iron and make sure the solder flows evenly around the tip.

INTRODUCTION TO RECTIFIER

A rectifier is a device which converts alternating current (A.C) to direct current (D.C).

Electronic devices such as computers, Radios, Handset, Television all use direct current,

hence the need for a rectifier. On the other hand, Electrical devices such as fridges, ceiling

fans, electrical motor all use A.C and need no rectifier.

I was introduced to the different types of rectifiers, although there are majorly 2 types of

rectifiers. The 2 types of rectifiers namely are;

1. Full-wave Rectifier.

2. Half-wave Rectifier.

The full-wave Rectifier is furtherly divided into 2 types, namely;

XXVI
 1. The full-wave bridge Rectifier.

2. The full-wave Centre-tapped Rectifier.

The full-wave rectifier is better and more efficient than the half-wave rectifier, the reason

why the full-wave rectifier is better and more efficient than the half-wave rectifier is that it

utilizes both halves of the A.C waveform, resulting in higher average output voltage and

lower ripple voltage. This leads to improved efficiency and more stable D.C output, better

transformer utilization, and reduced need for filtering, making it ideal for most applications

requiring D.C power.

COMPONENTS NEEDED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE HALF-WAVE

RECTIFIER

1. 12V, 1.0Amp Transformer (1).

2. IN4007 Diode (1).

3. 1 kilo OHMS Resistor (1).

4. Horizontal Strip Veroboard (1).

5. Connecting wire (1).

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER

A half-wave rectifier converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current) by

allowing only one half of the input AC waveform to pass through. It uses a single diode to

block the negative half-cycles of the AC signal, producing a pulsating DC output. The

resulting DC voltage has a lower average value and contains a significant ripple. This type of

rectifier is simple but less efficient compared to full-wave rectifiers.

XXVII
 SOLDERING OF THE COMPONENTS TO THE VEROBOARD AND

TESTING

I followed the steps below to accurately solder the components to the Veroboard and

thereafter tested for an open circuit and a short circuit as well as the D.C (Direct Current)

output voltage using a Digital Multi-metre.

1. I identified where to place the transformer, diode, resistor, and connecting wires on

the Veroboard.

2. I inserted the transformer, diode (with correct polarity), and resistor into the

appropriate holes on the Veroboard.

3. I bent the leads of the components underneath the board to hold them in place.

4. I heated the soldering iron and applied solder to the joints, securing each component

to the Veroboard tracks.

5. I trimmed off any excess lead lengths with wire cutters.

6. I soldered the input and output wires to the appropriate points on the board.

7. I inspected for any unintended solder bridges or shorts between tracks.

8. I applied power to check if the circuit was working as expected.

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

I was taught that a Power Supply Unit (PSU) is an electrical device that provides

power to an electronic system by converting A.C (Alternating current) to D.C (Direct

Current) into the correct voltage, current, and frequency required by the system. It ensures

that all components of the device receive stable and regulated power to operate

effectively.

A rectifier is a device that converts A.C to D.C, a power supply unit usually contains a

rectifier. Only electronic devices use D.C (direct current).

XXVIII
XXIX
XXX
 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION LABORATORY

CEILING FAN AND SWITCHES

I was taught that ceiling fan motors have split phase and single-phase A.C motors and they

have two windings which are the Starting winding or Auxiliary winding and Running

winding or main winding. Electrical parts of a ceiling fan include the start-up capacitor, rotor

and regulator. I also learnt about the traveller switch and gang switch.

ELECTRICAL MATERIALS, LIGHT SWITCH AND SAFETY

1. 2.5mm by 3 cord: it is a low voltage cable and can be used for deep freezers.

2. 1.5mm by 2: it can used for 13Amp sockets and wiring points of light.

3. Ceiling Rose

4. Angle Batton lamp holder.

5. Joint Box.

6. Switch (Tumbler and flush switch)

I also learnt that the light switch must be placed at the closing arc of the door and the

socket height must not exceed 2.5ft. I was also taught on safety in the electrical and

electronic engineering practice; we discussed the classification of accidents (Major and

Minor), Causes and Prevention.

COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD, SYSTEM EARTHING AND LOOPING IN A

CIRCUIT

Computer Motherboard: It is a printed circuit board (PCB) that distributes electricity

and facilitates communication between the central processing unit (CPU), random access

memory (RAM), and any other component of the computer’s hardware. It can be

considered the backbone of the computer. I was also shown what a motherboard looks

XXXI
like. I was also taught on system earthing, which refers to the practice of connecting

electrical installations or equipment to the earth to prevent electric shock, protect

equipment, and ensure safety. It provides a path for fault currents to flow safely into the

ground. Also, earth reticulation is the network of earthing conductors and connections

used to distribute and link multiple grounding points within an electrical system. It

ensures that all parts of the system are grounded effectively and consistently, providing a

safe discharge path for electrical faults. Looping refers to the practice of connecting

multiple electrical devices or outlets in a series, where the same wire or cable "loops"

from one point to another. This method is commonly used to distribute power to several

points (e.g., sockets or light fixtures) without running individual wires to each device

from the main power source. While efficient for wiring, looping must be done carefully to

avoid overloading the circuit or causing electrical faults. It simplifies installation but may

limit the amount of current each device can draw. We also constructed a 13Amp extension

box as a group.

ETHERNET CABLE

We were taught on ethernet cables and we carried out the project of creating an

ethernet cable. There are two kinds of cables, which are; Straight-through Cable and

Cross-Over Cable. A straight-through cable (non-similar devices) is used to connect

devices that operate at different layers of the network model, such as computer and a

router while Cross-over cables are utilised to link devices operating at network models

with same layer (similar devices) such as two computers, two switches or two routers.

When constructing an ethernet cable you must follow a specific colour code and all pins

and cables must touch for it to function properly.

Some components used to build an internet cable are;

XXXII
 1. CAT 6 cable (Category 6 cable)

2. RJ 47 (Registered Jack 47)

3. Crimping Tool.

4. Colour Codes.

I was taught how to wire a cubicle and extend power supply. Also the components or

apparatus needed to carry out the project are; 13A sockets, trunking pipe, Aluminium (A)

Ladder, 1.5mm^2 x 2 core cable, one way (gang) switch, drilling machine, screw nails,

fisher’s peg, bulbs, screw driver and hammer.

We also discussed Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) is a

document used in engineering and construction projects to outline the estimated costs of all

materials, labour, and resources required to complete a project. It serves as a comprehensive

cost breakdown and reference for budgeting, planning, and contract management. It helps

ensure cost control and proper resource allocation, and is typically prepared by engineers or

quantity surveyors. While a Bill of Quantities (B.O.Q) is a detailed document used in

construction and engineering projects to itemize the materials, labour, and services needed to

complete a project, along with their respective quantities and costs. It provides a structured

breakdown of the project components, helping to ensure accurate pricing, tendering, and

budgeting. In summary, BOQ is more general and construction-oriented, while BEME is

more detailed and technical, often used in engineering projects for cost estimation and

evaluation. We proceeded to discuss about the Main Distribution Board (MDB) is the central

electrical panel in a building or facility that receives power from an external supply and

distributes it to various circuits or sub-distribution boards. It is an essential part of an

electrical system, used to control and distribute power to different parts of the building,

ensuring proper electrical management and protection.

XXXIII
 Some of the component of the MDB are;

Incoming and Outgoing circuit breakers, Supply cut-outs, Neutral Links and Earth Links,

Meters and enclosures.

XXXIV
 POWER AND MACHINES LABORATORY

VOLTAGE STABILIZER

I was taught in the power and machines laboratory that a voltage stabilizer is an electrical

appliance which is designed to deliver a constant voltage to a load at its output terminals

regardless of the changes in the input or incoming supply voltage. It protects the equipment

or machine against overvoltage, undervoltage and other voltage surges. It can also called be

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). The regulation of the output voltage of a stabilizer

between 220V and 230V is called Buck and Boost Operations.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Using Buck and Boost Operations:

A voltage stabilizer ensures a steady output voltage to connected devices, despite fluctuations

in the input voltage. It operates using buck and boost modes to maintain a consistent output.

1. When the input voltage drops below the desired level, the stabilizer switches to boost

mode. In this mode, it increases (boosts) the input voltage to match the required

output voltage, ensuring the connected device gets a stable supply.

2. When the input voltage exceeds the required level, the stabilizer enters buck mode. It

reduces (bucks) the high input voltage down to the desired stable level, preventing

overvoltage damage to the device.

By automatically switching between buck and boost operations, the voltage stabilizer

maintains a stable output, protecting sensitive electrical equipment from voltage fluctuations.

We proceeded to construct a voltage stabilizer and took our readings accurately devoid of any

error.

XXXV
 CLAP SWITCH

I was taught that a clap switch is an electronic device that allows electrical appliances, like

lights or fans, to be turned on or off by detecting the sound of a clap. It operates using a

sound sensor (typically a microphone) to recognize the sound pattern of a clap and then

triggers a switch to control the connected appliance. The clap switch works when microphone

captures the clap sound and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then amplified and

filtered to distinguish it from background noise. This signal triggers a flip-flop circuit, which

toggles between on and off states. A relay or transistor then completes or interrupts the circuit

to the connected device, turning it on or off with each clap. Some components used are

Amplifiers, b

Light bulb, resistors, capacitors and power supply.

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 CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT

SURVEY LABORATORY

I attended the civil and environmental engineering department twice every week

during my SIWES program. On the first day, I was taught that surveying in civil engineering

is the process of measuring and mapping the physical features of the land, including its

dimensions, elevation, and contours. It involves determining the positions of points on the

Earth's surface and establishing reference points that are used to guide the design, planning,

and construction of infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, buildings, and other civil

works. The measurements are expressed on a paper through scale. The lecturer proceeded to

types;

Types of Surveying

1. Topographical Surveying: Captures the elevation and contours of land.

2. Land Surveying: Determines property boundaries.

3. Engineering Surveying: Focuses on guiding construction projects.

4. Hydrographic Surveying: Measures bodies of water for marine projects.

SURVEYING TOOLS AND SURVEYING TERMS

I was also educated on some surveying tools and terms;

1. Total Station: An electronic/optical instrument used for measuring angles and

distances.

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 2. Theodolite: A precision optical instrument used for measuring angles in the horizontal

and vertical planes. It is essential for setting out angles and for alignment in

construction projects.

3. Plumb Bob: A weighted device suspended from a string used to establish a vertical

reference line, typically for setting out points.

4. Leveling Staff/Rod: A graduated rod used with levels for measuring elevations or

heights.

5. Tripod: Supports the total station, theodolite, or level instrument to keep it stable and

at the correct height for measurements.

These tools and some others are essential for conducting accurate and efficient surveys,

ensuring that measurements are precise and consistent with project requirements.

We also talked about Mean Sea Level (MSL): is the average height of the ocean's

surface, used as a standard reference point for measuring elevation and depth on Earth. It is

calculated by averaging the sea level over a long period, accounting for tides, weather conditions,

and other short-term variations. MSL serves as a baseline for determining the height of land features

(elevation) and the depth of the ocean or lakes. In civil engineering and surveying, MSL is

crucial for defining altitudes and ensuring uniformity in mapping and construction projects

across different regions.

ROAD SIGNS THAT I NEED TO KNOW

On the second visit to the civil and environmental engineering laboratory, I was

lectured on the road traffic signs I needed to know ad their various meaning’s. Road signs are

essential parts of driving and play a vital role in ensuring the safety of drivers, passengers and

pedestrians.

There are 3 major road signs and their sub-signs, which are;

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 1. Mandatory Signs (Stop Sign, Yield Sign, No-entry Sign)

2. Warning Sign (Pedestrian Crossing Sign, Slippery Road Sign, School Crossing

Sign)

3. Direction Sign (One way Street Sign and Round about Sign)

Some signs I needed to know are;

1. Slow Down.

2. No U-turn.

3. No Parking.

4. Ahead Only.

5. U-turn Ahead.

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 STRUCTURAL AND CONCRETE LABORATORY

I was lectured on the various instrument, tools and tests carried out in the laboratory. The

instruments and tests in the laboratory are listed below;

1. Line (commonly called Rope): It helps to maintain straight lines when laying bricks,

blocks, or other materials.

2. Spirit Level: A tool used to check if a surface is horizontal (level) or vertical (plumb).

3. Tri-square: A tool used for marking and measuring right angles (90°).

4. Measuring Cylinder: it is used in laboratories to measure liquid volumes accurately,

especially in concrete mix designs for determining water content or chemical

additives.

5. Vicant Apparatus: It is used to determine the setting time of cement. It measures how

long it takes for a cement paste to harden under standardized conditions.

6. Workability test: It refers to various tests (e.g., slump test, compacting factor test) to

measure how easily concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished without

segregating.

7. Scoop: A small shovel used to handle materials like sand, aggregate, or cement,

particularly during material testing or mixing processes.

8. Rammer: A tool used to compact soil or concrete during testing, such as in the Proctor

test for soil compaction or when preparing concrete test samples.

9. Peg: Used to mark positions and levels on a construction site, typically for leveling

and alignment purposes during surveying or excavation.

10. Head pan: A shallow, wide container used to carry materials like concrete, sand, or

aggregates on construction sites.

11. Cube: It refers to concrete cubes used in the compressive strength test. Concrete is

poured into Molds, cured, and tested to measure the material’s strength.

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12. Slump cone: A tool used in the slump test, which measures the consistency or

workability of fresh concrete by assessing how much its "slumps" after being placed

in the cone and released.

13. Impact Aggregate Test: A test used to assess the toughness of aggregates by

determining how much the material breaks down when subjected to sudden impact,

often for assessing the durability of the aggregate used in road construction.

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 WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY

I was lectured on the various instruments and their components as well as some tests

carried out in the laboratory. The instruments and tests in the laboratory are listed below;

1. Colony Counter (contains magnifying glass, white panel, petri dish, digital pen): A

device used in microbiology to count colonies of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria or

fungi) growing on a petri dish. It typically includes a magnifying glass and digital

pen to aid in accurate counting.

2. pH meter: A scientific instrument used to measure the acidity or alkalinity (pH) of

a liquid solution. It provides a digital reading that reflects the hydrogen ion

concentration in the solution.

3. Buffer Solution: A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of

acids or bases are added. It is used to calibrate pH meters and maintain stable

conditions in chemical or biological experiments.

4. Spectrophotometer (contains 4 curvette): A device that measures the absorbance or

transmission of light through a liquid sample, typically using cuvettes (small,

rectangular test tubes). It is commonly used in laboratories to determine the

concentration of a substance in a solution.

5. Thermometer: A tool used to measure temperature, essential in various laboratory

experiments, especially where temperature control or monitoring is critical.

6. Flocculator Jar Apparatus: An instrument used to simulate the flocculation process

in water treatment. It involves stirring water with added chemicals to form flocs

(clumps of particles) that can be more easily removed during the purification

process.

7. Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D): A test used to measure the amount of oxygen

required to chemically oxidize organic and inorganic matter in water. It is an

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 important indicator of water quality, especially for determining pollution levels in

wastewater.

8. Bernoulli’s Apparatus Flow: A device used in fluid mechanics to demonstrate

Bernoulli’s principle, which explains the relationship between pressure, velocity,

and elevation in flowing fluids. It helps visualize the effects of fluid dynamics in

various flow conditions.

9. Impact Jet Machine: A machine used to study the force exerted by a jet of fluid

when it strikes a surface (like a flat plate or curved vane). It is commonly used in

fluid mechanics to analyse the momentum of fluid flow and its impact forces.

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 SUMMARY

During my SIWES (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme) program, I had the

opportunity to gain hands-on experience and deepen my understanding of several key

concepts and devices in the field of electrical and electronic engineering.

I worked with transformers, learning about their role in voltage regulation and power

distribution. I also gained practical skills in installing and maintaining ceiling fans and other

basic electrical installations. My experience extended to power supply units, where I

understood their importance in providing stable power and converting alternating current to

direct current in various electronic devices.

I delved into the principles of looping and the overall operation of electric power systems,

which included studying voltage stabilizers and their role in protecting electrical appliances. I

also learned about computer motherboards, focusing on their components and functions.

My training covered domestic installations, including the intricacies of 3-phase connections

and the use of Ethernet cables for networking.

This comprehensive experience has enriched my theoretical knowledge and provided me with

valuable practical skills, preparing me for a successful career in the electrical and electronics

engineering industry.

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

The Challenges I Encountered During my SIWES were:

1. Lack of Water to Bath.

2. Lack of Electricity to Charge my Devices

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 3. Understanding Complex Concepts: Some topics, like transformers and 3-phase

connections, can be quite intricate. Grasping these concepts fully may take time and

additional study.

4. Limited Resources: Sometimes, there might be a lack of adequate tools or materials

needed for installations or repairs, making it difficult to complete tasks efficiently.

RECOMMENDATION

During my industrial training at the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of

Benson Idahosa University, I gained valuable hands-on experience in practical applications of

engineering concepts. However, to enhance the program further, I recommend the following:

1. Increased Practical Sessions: More time should be allocated for practical lab

sessions and workshops to allow students to work on real-life projects that simulate

industry conditions.

2. Industry Partnerships: Strengthening the partnership between the university and

local industries would provide students with more exposure to modern equipment and

technology, better preparing them for the job market.

3. Access to Modern Tools: Upgrading the available tools and equipment in the

laboratories would ensure that students are familiar with the latest technology used in

the field of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

4. Soft Skills Development: Introducing training on communication, teamwork, and

problem-solving skills would be beneficial as these are crucial for success in

professional environments.

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Overall, the SIWES program at Benson Idahosa University offers excellent exposure, but

continuous improvement in practical training and industry collaboration will greatly benefit

future students.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, my SIWES experience has been immensely valuable in bridging the gap

between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Throughout the program, I gained

hands-on experience in various aspects of electrical engineering, including transformers,

ceiling fans, basic electrical installations, power supply units, and looping. I also delved into

the principles of operation of electric power systems, voltage stabilizers, and computer

motherboards. Additionally, I acquired practical skills in domestic installations, 3-phase

connections, and Ethernet cable setups. Understanding half-wave rectifiers further enhanced

my comprehension of modern electrical and electronic systems.

Despite facing challenges such as technical difficulties, safety concerns, and resource

limitations, these experiences have significantly enriched my learning. They have prepared

me to tackle real-world problems with confidence and have equipped me with the skills

necessary for a successful career in the electrical and electronics industry.

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