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ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU

I. GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG

Động từ nguyên mẫu có hai dạng:
• Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO (To Infinitive Verb)
To V: to make
To be V-ing: to be making
To have Vpp: to have made
To have been V-ing: to have been making
To be Vpp: to be made
To have been Vpp: to have been made
• Động từ nguyên mẫu không có TO (Base/Bare Verb)
Chỉ có động từ, không có TO.
Có thể gọi là Base verb – Bare verb
V: watch
have Vpp: have watched
be Vpp: be watched
II. CHỨC NĂNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ “TO”
1. Làm chủ ngữ
• To become a teacher is my dream.
S
• To cook my dinner is what I have to do now.
S
• To me, to have made the same mistake twice is unforgivable.
S

2. Làm vị ngữ
• My dream is to become a teacher.
V
• What I have to do now is to cook my dinner.
V
3. Theo sau tân ngữ
• He told me to give this to you.
• The doctor advised John to take a rest every two hours.

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• The teacher encouraged her students to try their best in the final exam.
Một số động từ tương tự: V somebody to V
Assume (cho rằng) Instruct (hướng dẫn)
Beg (cầu xin) Invite (mời)
Believe (tin) Order (yêu cầu)
Cause (gây, khiến cho) Permit (cho phép)
Challenge (thách thức) Persuade (thuyết phục)
Command (yêu cầu) Remind (nhắc nhở)
Compel (bắt buộc) Request (yêu cầu)
Enable (cho phép) Teach (dạy)
Expect (hi vọng) Tell (bảo, yêu cầu)
Forbid (cấm) Urge (giục)
Force (bắt) Want (muốn)
Help (giúp đỡ) Warn (cảnh báo)
Wish (ước muốn)
4. Theo sau một số động từ nhất định
• We decided to have a baby.
• They plan to go abroad next year.
• I would like to travel alone to Japan.
Một số động từ tương tự: V to V
Afford (có đủ khả năng) Offer (đề nghị)
Agree (đồng ý) Plan (dự định)
Aim (hướng đến) Prepare (chuẩn bị)
Arrange (sắp xếp) Pretend (giả vờ)
Appear (có vẻ) Promise (hứa)
Ask (yêu cầu) Propose (đề nghị)
Attempt (cố gắng) Refuse (từ chối)
Care (quan tâm) Seem (hình như)
Choose (lựa chọn) Swear (thề)
Claim (thừa nhận) Tend (có xu hướng)
Decide (quyết định) Threaten (đe dọa)
Deserve (xứng đáng) Volunteer (tình nguyện)
Fail (thất bại) Vow (thề)
Happen (tình cờ) Want (muốn)
Hesitate (lưỡng lự) Wish (ước muốn)
Hope (hi vọng) Would hate (ghét)

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Intend (dự định) Would like (muốn)

Learn (học) Would love (muốn)
Manage (xoay sở) Would prefer (muốn hơn)
Need (cần) Yearn (khát khao)
Neglect (thờ ơ) Urge (thúc giục)

III. CHỨC NĂNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG “TO”
1. Theo sau trợ động từ
➢ Trợ động từ thường
• He did love her, but not anymore.
• She doesn’t live here.
• They don’t want to work late, but they are forced to.
➢ Trợ động từ khuyết thiếu
Can - Could
May - Might
Must - Shall
Ought to - Should
Will - Would
Need - Dare
Have to - Used to
• We have to go now.
• You shouldn’t make that mistake again.
• They can deal with this problem without you.
2. Theo sau tân ngữ
• Let (cho phép)
My mother lets me come home late at night.
• Have (nhờ ai, thuê ai)
I had the mechanic repair my car yesterday.
• Make (khiến)
He has been making me go crazy all these days.
• Help (giúp đỡ)
Nobody helps the girl collect her books.
Theo sau tân ngữ - Nhóm động từ tri giác
• See (nhìn thấy)
When I arrived at the restaurant, I saw her get off John’s car with a bunch of flowers
in hands.
• Hear (nghe)

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Jenny heard me talk with my boyfriend on phone.

• Feel (cảm thấy)
We felt the ground give way under our feet.
• Watch (xem)
They watched the bus disappear into the distance.
• Notice (để ý)
I noticed them come in.

NOTE
• Tuy nhiên khi ở thể bị động, ta chuyển sang dùng TO VERB.
She was seen to get off the bus.
We were made to work so hard by the boss.
• Sau HELP có thể dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có TO hoặc không có TO đều được.
He helped me do my assignment.
He helped me to do my assignment.

PRACTICE

1. I am planning __________ Da Lat next week.

A. visit B. to be visited C. have visited D. to visit

2. I must go now. I promised _______ late.

A. not be B. not to eb C. not have been D. won’t be

3. I expect he will _________ by this time tomorrow.

A. have arrived B. arrive C. to be arriving D. to arrive

4. It was late, so we decided _______ a taxi home.

A. to take B. to have taken C. be taking D. take

5. How old were you when you learnt ________?

A. how to drive B. how drive C. how driving D. how have drive

6. She always encourages her son ________ harder.

A. to study B. have studied

C. to have studied D. be having been studying

7. Don’t forget ________ the letter I gave you.

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A. to post B. to be posted C. post D. have posted

8. We want the handouts ___________.

A. print B. to print C. have printed D. to be printed

9. I tried _________ the bus, but I missed it.

A. catch B. be catching C. to catch D. caught

10. Remember ________ Lan a present because today is her birthday.

A. send B. to have been sending

C. to send D. be sent

11. We were allowed _________ photographs in this room.

A. sell B. to sell C. be selling D. to be sold

12. Would you like __________ to my birthday party?

A. be coming B. come C. came D. to come

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