CBSE

ALLEN
MODEL PAPER-1 (SOLUTIONS) 2020-21
(PHYSICS)
SECTION – A
1. The field lines start (or diverge) from the positive charge and terminate (or converge) on negative
charge. If electric field lines form closed loops, then these lines must originate and terminate on the
same charge which is not possible So, electric field lines can't form closed loop .
[Also accept, if students write, electric field is conservative nature.] [1]

2. Microwave is used in RADAR with frequency range b/w 3 × 1010 Hz – 1012 Hz [1]
OR
An accelerated charge produces an oscillating electric field in space which produces an oscillating
magnetic field, which is again a source of oscillating electric field and so on. As a result electro
magnetic wave is produced.
ur r ur
3.
4.
F = q(v ´ B)

across R.

Q=
EN
The quality factor (Q) factor of series LCR resonant circuit is defined as the ratio of the voltage
developed across the inductor or capacitor at resonance to the applied voltage, which is the voltage

IX L w0 L
IR
=
R
[1]
[1]

It is dimensionless hence, it has no units.

LL
OR

Quality factor represents sharpness of resonance and is given as Q = wr

w2 - w1
it is unitless.
5. Moving coil galvanometer works on the principle that when a current carrying coil placed in a magnetic
field, it experiences a torque so, it get deflected and by measuring deflection we can measure current.[1]
A

6. rn µ n2 Þ r2 / r1= 4/1 [1]

7. The radius of a nucleus of mass number A is related as if R = R0A1/3, where R0 is a constant. [1]
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

OR

11
Na23, 10Ne23.

8. (i) As (Pentavalent impurity) (ii) Al (Trivalent impurity) [1]

OR

GaAs are preferred material because –

(a) Band gap (~ 1.0 to 1.8 eV) (b) High optical absorption (~ 104 cm–1)
(c) Electrical conductivity (d) Availability of raw material
(e) Low cost.
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"Concave"
objective
mirror
"Convex"
secondary
mirror
9. eyepiece [1]

(Reflecting telescope)
10. Two sources are perfectly coherent if their frequency is same and their phase difference is constant.
[1]
11. (b) [1]
12. (a) [1]
13. (a) [1]
14. (c) [1]

15.

16.

17.
(i) d,

(i) b,
EN
(ii) c,

(ii) a,
(iii) c,

(iii) c,
SECTION – B

(iv) b,

(iv) d, (v) d
SECTION–C
(v) a

r
[4 × 1 = 4]

[4 × 1 = 4]

Consider a charge 'q' moving with velocity vr in the presence of both electric field ( E ) & magnetic
r
field ( B) experiences a force given as- [2]
LL
r r r r r r
(
F = q E + v ´ B = FE + FB )
r r
Assume, E & B are ^ to each other & also ^ to the velocity of the particle.
y

FE E
v
A

x
B

FB
z
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

r r
Directions of electric force ( FE ) & magnetic force ( FB ) are just opposite.
r
\ F = q ( E - vB ) ˆj
if magnitudes of electric and magnetic force are equal then, net force on the particle is zero & it will
move undeflected in the fields.
qE =qvB or v = E / B
The above condition is used to select charged particles of a particular velocity.

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18. (1) In Young's experiment, all the bright fringes formed are of same intensity, whereas in single slit
diffraction experiment, the bright fringes are of varying intensity. [2]
(2) In Young's experiment, fringes of minimum intensity are perfectly dark, whereas in single slit
diffraction experiment, fringes of minimum intensity are not perfectly dark.
OR
According to Huygens's principle
(1) Each source of light spreads waves in all directions.
(2) Each point on the wavefront give rise to new disturbance which produces secondary wavelets
which travels with the speed of light.
(3) Only forward envelope which encloses the tangent gives the new position of wave front.
(4) Rays are always perpendicular is the wavefront.
19. (i) Charge is quantized : Charge on any body always exists in integral multiples of a fundamental
unit of electric charge. This unit is equal to the magnitude of charge on electron (1e = 1.6 × 10–19
coulomb). So charge on anybody is Q = ± ne, where n is an integer and e is the charge of the

20.
EN
electron. Millikan's oil drop experiment proved the quantization of charge or atomicity of charge
(ii) Charge is conserved : In an isolated system, total charge (sum of positive and negative) remains
constant whatever change takes place in that system.

Change in current dI= 0 – (5) = –5A

[2]

[2]
Change in time dt = 0.1 s
LL
average emf e = 200 V

dI
Þ e = -L
dt

æ 5 ö 20
200 = L ç ÷Þ L= = 4H
è 0.1 ø 5
A

21. (i) Induced emf in arm PQ [2]

e = –Blv
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

e = – 0.1 × 10 × 10–2 × 20
e = – 0.2 V
(ii) Current induced in loop

e 0.2
I= = = 0.1A
R 2

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1 é1 1 ù
22. From f = ( µ 21 - 1) ê R - R ú [2]
ë 1 2û

1 é 1 æ 1 öù
= (1.55 - 1) ê - ç - ÷ ú Q R1 = R 2 = R
f ë R è R øû
1 é 2 ù 1.1
= (.55) ê ú =
f ëRû R
1 1.1
= Þ R = 1.1´ 20 = 22cm
20 R

23. It is clear that, N-type semiconductor has an excess of free electrons and P-type has an excess of holes
therefore when both are placed together to form a junction, electrons move towards the
P-side and holes move towards N-side due to concentration gradient. Departure of an electron from the N-
side to the P-side leaves a positive donor ion on N-side and likewise hole leaves a negative acceptor ion on

EN
the P-side resulting in the formation of depletion layer having width ; 10–7m.
P-TYPE

h
h
h
h
e
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
e
h
h
h
h
h
e
h
h
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
N-TYPE

e
e
e
e
h
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
h
e
h
e
[2]

h h h h
LL
Depletion layer
®
Ei
Depletion layer : It is the layer near the junction in which electrons are absent on n side and holes are
absent on p side.
Potential barrier : Due to the accumulation of immobile ions near the junction an electric potential
difference (Vb) developes b/w n side & p side which acts as a barrier for further diffusion of electrons
A

and holes.
Vb = Ei × d (volt)
24. Earth's magnetic components :- [2]
(1) Declination Angle (2) Dip Angle or Angle of inclination
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

(3) Horizontal Component of earth's magnentic field

(1) Angle of declination (f) :- It is the acute angle between magnetic meridian and geographical meridian
at a given place.

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(2) Dip Angle(q) :- It is direction horizontal resultant magnetic field of earth in magnetic meridian. Dip
angle at magnetic pole of earth is 90° and at magnetic equator it is 0°.

B Þ resultant magnetic field of earth's magnetism

BH Þ Horizontal component
BV Þ Vertical component
OR
Given BH =0.26 G
BH
cos60° =

25.
B=
BH
B

= EN
0.26
cos60° (1 / 2)
= 0.52G

(i) The electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerated charge particles and do not require any
material medium for their propagation. [2]
(ii) The oscillation of the fields E and B are in same phase and their direction are perpendicular to
each other.
LL
An electromagnetic wave transport linear momentum as it travels through space.
If an electromagnetic wave transfer a total energy U to a surface in time t, then total linear momentum
delivered to the surface is P = U/c
If the wave is totally reflected, then the momentum delivered will be 2U/c because the momentum of
the wave will change from P to –P
A

SECTION -D
26. (a) N [3]
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

I I

L
Here, we consider a current-carrying solenoid having total no of turns N.
N
\ no of turns per unit length, n =
L

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On applying ACL for the cross-sectional view of this solenoid.
S R Amperian loop

B
P l Q
× × × ×

ur uur Q ur uur R ur uur S ur uur P ur uur

Ñò ò ò ò
B.dl = B.dl + B.dl + B.dl + B.dl
P Q R
ò
S

Q R S P Q

ò Bdl cos0° + ò Bdl cos90° + ò (0) + ò Bdl cos90° = ò Bdl

P Q R S P
From ACL,

Ñò

27.
\
EN
B dl = µ0(SI)
Bl = µ0 (nlI)
B = m 0 nI
(b) A solenoid has N-S poles whereas toroid doesn't have separate poles.
Current in the following circuit :
E
[3]

I= Rw = Resistance of potentiometer wire AB

R + Rw
LL
2
I= = 0.08A
15 + 10
So potential difference across wire
AB = current × Resistance of wire = 0.08 × 10 = 0.8V

So potential gradient along AB = Potential difference along AB = 0.8 = 0.8 V/m

length of AB 1
A

Terminal potential of test cell (secondary ckt)

é 1.5 ù
V = E – I’ × r ê I ' = 1.2 + 0.3 = 1A ú
ë û
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

V = 1.5 – 1 × 1.2 = 0.3 V

Since drop on balancing length of potentiometer wire balance the terminal potential difference of the
test cell.
0.3 3
So length of AO = VAO Potenial gradient along = = m
0.8 8

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OR
A high resistance voltmeter means that no current flow through the voltmeter (practically very less
current). When two batteries are connected in parallel, then
1.5V
E1 r2 + E 2 r1
E eq =
r1 + r2 1.5V
Here r1 = r2 = r
V
E1 = E2 = 1.5V (given)
7W
1.5 ´ r + 1.5 ´ r 7W
E eq =
2r
Eeq = 1.5 V
Now R1 = 7W ù
ú given
R2 = 7W û
1 æ1 1ö
= + W
So R eq çè 7 7 ÷ø

Q I=
R eq = EN7
2
= 3.5 W

terminal voltage
equivalent resistance
V = terminal voltage = 1.4 (given) = voltmeter reading
LL
1.4
So I= = 0.4 A
3.5
Now V = Eeq – I × req
1.4 = 1.5 – 0.4 × req
0.4 × req = 0.1
req = 0.25 W
æ 1 1 1ö
A

As req = r/2 ççQ = + ÷÷

è req r r ø
So r of each cell = 0.5W
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

1 2E
28. (a) E = mv 2 Þ v= [3]
2 m

h h 2E
But v= \ =
ml ml m

h
Þ l=
2mE

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h h
(b) l = =
2mE k æ3 ö
2m ç kT ÷
è2 ø

h
Þ l=
3mkT

1
l µ
T

OR
1 2
K.Emax = mv max = hn - f0
2
(i) Number of photoelectrons emitted per second from a metal surface depends on the number of
photons incident on that surface in one second. If intensity of the incident radiations in
increased therefore the number of photoelectrons emitted increases.

29.
EN
Therefore KEmax is independent of the incident lights intensity.
(ii) If n < n0 , KEmax is negative which is impossible.

The number of atoms in 1kg of 94Pu239

=
6.023 ´ 10 23 ´ 1000
[3]

239
LL
Energy released per fission = 180 MeV

Energy released by 1kg of 94Pu239

6.023 ´ 10 23 ´ 1000
= ´ 180MeV
239
A

= 4.53 × 1026 MeV

30. Ha is a specific deep-red visible spectral line in the Balmer series with a wavelength of 656.28 nm, it
occurs when a hydrogen electron transits from its 3rd to 2nd lowest energy level. This transition produces
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

H-alpha photon & the 1st line of Balmer series. [3]

1 é1 1ù é1 1ù
=Rê 2 - 2ú =Rê 2 - 2 ú
l ë nf ni û ë2 3 û

1 é5ù
= 1.097 ´ 10 7 ê ú
l ë 36 û
c 3 ´ 108 ´ 1.097 ´ 10 7 ´ 5
n= =
l 36
u = 4.57 ´ 1014 Hz

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SECTION – E
A
31. n n [5]
dEsinq
dE
E, n E, n
q 2dEcosq
q ds

dEsinq dE
r
As shown in figure, considering a cylindrical gaussian surface of cross section A
(i) Flux through curved surface :
ur uur
f = E ·dS = EdS cos 90o = 0
ur uur
At the points on the curved surface, the field vector E and area vector dS make an angle 90o
with each other. Therefore, curved surface does not contribute to the flux.

EN
Flux through end caps :
ur uur
f = Ñò E.dS = Ñò EdScos0° = EA

Hence, the total flux through the closed surface is :

f = Flux through both end caps + flux through curved surface
or f = EA + EA + 0 = 2EA (1)
Now according to Gauss’ law for electrostatics
LL
f = q/e0 (2)
Comparing equations (1) and (2), we get
2EA = q/e0
E = q/2e0A (3)
The area of sheet enclosed in the Gaussian cylinder is also A. Therefore, the charge contained
in the cylinder, q = sA as s (surface charge density) = q/A
A

Substituiting this value of q in equation (3), we get

E = sA/2e0A
or E = s/2e0
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

This is the relation for electric field due to an infinite plane sheet of charge. The field is uniform
and does not depend on the distance from the plane sheet of charge. Direction of field for
positive charge density will be outwards from sheet and the same will be inward for negative
charge density.
(ii) Let C1 = x and C2 = 2x
equivalent capacitance in series combination
C1C 2 x ´ 2x 2x 2x
CS = = = \ CS =
C1 + C 2 x + 2x 3 3
equivalent capacitance in parallel combination
CP = C1 + C2 = x + 2x = 3x

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Now given that energy stored in series combination = Energy stored in parallel combination
1 1
Cs V12 = C P V22
2 2
1 æ 2x ö 2 1
´ ç ÷ V1 = ´ 3x ´ V22
2 è 3 ø 2

V1 3
Þ =
V2 2
OR
(a) Let consider a dipole system,

A p B EA Eaxis EB
–q
O +q x
a a
r
Here, AO = OB = a

EN
OX = r
BX = r – a
AX = r + a
r
Elec. field ( E B ) , due to charge at point 'B' is towards p
r
Elec. field ( E A ) , due to charge at point 'A' is opposite to p
r

Now, according to the superposition principle,

r r r
LL
E axial = E A + E B

-Kq Kq
E axial = +
(r + a) (r - a) 2
2

é 1 1 ù
= Kq ê - ú
êë ( r - a ) ( r + a ) úû
2 2
A

é ( r + a + r - a )( r + a - r + a ) ù
= Kq ê ú
(r - a) (r + a)
2 2
ëê ûú
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

Kq(2r)(2a)
=
(r )
2
2
- a2

r 2rk ( 2a )( q ) r
Eaxial = rˆ Q P = 2a ´ q
( )
2
r 2 - a2
r
2K Pr
= if 2a << r
r4
r
r 2KP
then E axial = 3 ˆr
r
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r
Direction lies in the direction of electrin dipole moment, P

(b) E for (r >> a)

O
r

(c)
(i) Stable equilibrium -

–q +q (q = 0°)

EN
Torque(t) = PE sinq
= PE × sin0°
=0
(ii) Unstable equilibrium
E0

(Q sin0° = 0)

+q –q (q = 180°)
LL
E0

Torque (t) = PE sinq

= PE sin180°
= PE × 0 = 0 (Q sin180° = 0)
A

32. (i) Source frequency, when current is maximum is given by [5]

1 1
f= = {L = 8H and C = 2µF
2p LC 2p 8 ´ 2 ´ 10 -6
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

1
f=
2p´ 4 ´ 10 -3
f = 39.80 Hz
The frequency at which current maximum, is called resonant frequency.
(ii) given E0 = 200V, R = 100W
E 0 200
Imax = = = 2A
R 100

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(iii)
R2
I
R1

w0 w

OR
Suppose OA, OB, OC represents the magnitude of phasor VR, VL and VC respectively. In case of
VL > VC, the resultant of (VR) and (VL–VC), represented by OE. Thus from DOAE
OE = OA 2 + AE 2
VL
VR2 + ( VL - VC )
2
V=
B E
V
Substituting the value of VR, VL and VC we have
VL – VC
f
( IR ) + ( IX L - IX C )

or
V=

EN
I=
2

V
( R) + ( X L - XC )
2 2
2
O

VC C
A
VR I

The effective opposition offered by L, C, R to a.c. supply is called impedance of LCR circuit and
represented by Z.
V
I=
LL
Z
2
æ 1 ö
Z = R 2 + ç wL - ÷
è wC ø
Also from DOAE
AE VL - VC
tanf = =
OA VR
A

or tanf = ( X L - X C ) R

f = tan -1
( XL - XC )
or
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

R
Power dissipation in LCR circuit :
The instantaneous power supplied by the source is
P = VI
V i
P = (Vmsinwt) × imsin(wt + f) = m m [cos f - cos(2wt + f)]
2
[2sinAsinB = cos(A–B) – cos(A+B)]
For average power the second term becomes zero in the complete cycle.
V i
So Pav = m m cos f
2

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Vm i m
Pav = cos f = V i cosf
2 2 rms rms

Pav = Vrms i rms cos f

At resonance condition cosf = 1 (because f = 0), so R becomes effective impedance of a circuit.
So power dissipated is maximum at resonance condition.
33. The phenomenon of bending of light around the sharp corners and spreading into the regions of the
geometrical shadow is called diffraction. [5]
Diffraction from a slit. A narrow slit of width a is placed at a distance D from the screen. When
the slit is illuminated with a monochromatic light of wavelength l, then alternate bright and dark
bands of light are formed on both the sides of the central maximum.

If
EN
Path difference between the secondary waves reaches at point P
BN = AB sinq = a sinq
BN = l and q = q1
l = a sinq1
l
sinq1 = , q1 is the angle up to which the central maxima can extends.
a
LL
Such angular position on the screen will represent the first secondary minimum. We assume the silt
to be divided into two equal halves, the wavelets from the corresponding points of the two halves
l
of the silt will have a path difference of , i.e., they reach point P in opposite phase. Hence for second
2
secondary minimum,
2 l = a sinq2
2l nl
sinq2 = and sinqn = for nth secondary minima
A

a a
If yn is the distance of nthsec. minimum from the screen, then
OP y n
tanqn = =
CO D
For small n,
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

sinqn = tanqn
y n nl
=
D a
nlD
yn =
a
lD
therefore b = yn – yn-1 =
a
For first sec. maxima

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3l
sinq1' = {Since the wavelets from each half will reach point P such that out of three equal parts
2a
two will cancel out leaving one parts of wavelet to produce the bright fringes.
5l
Similarly, sin q2' =
2a
(2n + 1)l
sin q¢n = force nth sec. maxima
2a
lD
Therefore b' = y'n – y'n-1 = Both sec. maxima and minima are of same width.
a
2Dl
Width of a central maximum : b0 =
a
OR
(a) Wavefront : It is defined as the locus of all the points vibrating with zero or constant phase difference.
S'
N

EN X
S

i
A
r
i

D
B

r
C
Rarer

Denser

T'
X

T
LL
Proof of law of refraction (Snell's Law)
Consider a plane wavefront (AB) incident on the surface XY, separating two media. Let the secondary
wavelets from point (B) reach upto point (C) in time (t). So draw an arc of length (v2t) from point
A to locate the position of refracted wave front. Now we draw a tangent (CD) on this arc where CD
represents refracted wave front.
Clearly incident ray, refracted ray & the normal are respectively ^ to incident wave front, refracted
A

wavefront and surface XY.

BC v1t
Also, sin i = = ....(i)
AC AC
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\Board Material\Physics\Model Paper CBSE\Model Quesion Paper-1(Solution).p65

AD v 2 t
& sin r = = ....(ii)
AC AC

From (1) & (2),

v1 sin i
=
v2 sin r

m2 sin i
or = Snell's Law
m1 sin r

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