Syllabus for the post of TGT - Mathematics

Subject specific syllabus includes the concepts of NCERT/CBSE syllabus and Text Books (Classes
VI to X), however, the questions will be testing the depth of understanding and application of
these concepts at the level of Graduation.

REAL NUMBERS

• Review of representation of natural numbers, integers, and rational numbers on the

number line. Rational numbers as recurring/ terminating decimals. Operations on real
numbers.
• Examples of non-recurring/non-terminating decimals. Existence of non-rational numbers
(irrational numbers) such as √2, √3 , and their representation on the number line.
Explaining that every real number is represented by a unique point on the number line
and conversely, viz. every point on the number line represents a unique real number.
• Definition of nth root of a real number.
• Rationalization of real numbers of the type and their combinations where x
and y are natural number and a and b are integers.
• Laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational exponents with positive real bases
• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic statements after reviewing work done earlier and
after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of

POLYNOMIALS

• Definition of a polynomial in one variable, with examples and counter examples.

• Coefficients of a polynomial, terms of a polynomial and zero polynomial.
• Degree of a polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials. Monomials,
binomials, trinomials. Factors and multiples.
• Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic
polynomials.
• Remainder Theorem with examples, Factor Theorem.
• Factorization of ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 where a, b and c are real numbers, and of cubic
polynomials using the Factor Theorem.
• The algebraic expressions and identities. Verification of identities:
+

and their use in

factorization of polynomials.

LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Linear equations in one variable.Introduction to the equation in two variables. Focus on

linear equations of the type ax + by + c=0.Explain that a linear equation in two variables
has infinitely many solutions and justify their being written as ordered pairs of real
numbers, plotting them and showing that they lie on a line.

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PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution,
consistency/inconsistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair
of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination.Simple
situational problems.

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic

equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship
between discriminant and nature of roots.

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
Arithmetic Progression, nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application
in solving daily life problems.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY

The Cartesian plane, coordinates of a point, names and terms associated with the
coordinate plane, notations. Graphs of linear equations. Distance formula. Section formula
(internal division)

INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY

History - Geometry in India and Euclid's geometry. Euclid's method of formalizing

observed phenomenon into rigorous Mathematics with definitions, common/obvious
notions, axioms/postulates and theorems. The five postulates of Euclid. Showing the
relationship between axiom and theorem, for example: (Axiom) 1. Given two distinct
points, there exists one and only one line through them. (Theorem) 2. (Prove) Two distinct
lines cannot have more than one point in common.

LINES AND ANGLES

• If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so formed is 180
degrees and the converse.
• If two lines intersect, vertically opposite angles are equal.
• Lines which are parallel to a given line are parallel.

TRIANGLES

• Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle is
equal to any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS Congruence).
• Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle is
equal to any two angles and the included side of the other triangle (ASA
Congruence).
• Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides
of the other triangle (SSS Congruence).
• Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are
equal (respectively) to the hypotenuse and a side of the other triangle. (RHS
Congruence)
• The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.

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 • The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
• If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
• If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third
side.
• If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are
proportional and the triangles are similar.
• If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding
angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.
• If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides
including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

QUADRILATERALS

• The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.

• In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal, and conversely.
• In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal, and conversely.
• A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of its opposite sides is parallel and equal.
• In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and conversely.
• In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides is parallel to the
third side and in half of it and (motivate) its converse.

CIRCLES

• Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and (motivate) its converse.
• The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and
conversely, the line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is
perpendicular to the chord.
• Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center (or
their respective centers) and conversely.
• The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any
point on the remaining part of the circle.
• Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
• If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other points lying on
the same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle.
• The sum of either of the pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°
and its converse.
• Tangent to a circle at, point of contact
• The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.
• The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

AREAS

Area of a triangle using Heron's formula, Area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems
based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating
area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120°.

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SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

Surface areas and volumes of spheres (including hemispheres) and right circular cones.
Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids,
spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones

STATISTICS
Bar graphs, histograms (with varying base lengths), and frequency polygons.Mean, median
and mode of grouped data

PROBABILITY
Classical definition of probability.Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.

TRIGONOMETRY
Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well
defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 00 and 900. Values of the trigonometric
ratios of 300, 450 and 600.Relationships between the ratios.

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.

HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES:

Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems
should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be
only 30°, 45°, and 60°

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