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33 views4 pages

JoyetaSenapati 27500122035 SE

Uploaded by

ghoshpuspaksha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Om Dayal Group of Institutions

Department of Computer Science & Engineering


Continuous Assessment 2 (September 2024 )

Name: Joyeta Senapati


University Roll No: 27500122035
Paper Name: Software Engineering
Paper Code: ESC 501
Year: 3rd

Semester: 5th
Introduction
E-R Diagram:- Entity-Relationship model is used to represent a
logical design of a database to be created. From a given problem
statement we identify the possible entity sets, their attributes,
and relationships among different entity sets. Once we have these
information, we represent them pictorially, called an entity
relationship (ER) diagram.
Entity:- An entity set is a collection of all similar entities. E.g,
"Student" is an entity set that abstracts all students. Ram, Sam
are specificentities belonging to this set.

Attribute:- Attributes are the characteristics describing any


entity belonging to an entity set. Any entity in a set can be
described by zero or more attributes. E.g, Any student has got a
name, age, an address, roll number, and a grade in school. These
data are the attributes of the entity set Student.
Primary key:- A database might have more than one candidate
key. Any candidate key chosen for a particular implementation of
the database is called a primary key. The table with the primary
key is called the parent or referenced table. Super key:- One or
more attributes, which when taken together, helps to uniquely
identify an entity in an entity set. E.g, a school can have any
number of students. However, if we know grade and roll number,
then we can uniquely identify a student in that school.
Candidate key:- It is a minimal subset of super key. In other
words, a super key might contain extraneousattributes, which do
not help in. identifying an object uniquely. When such attributes
are removed, the key formed so is called a candidate key.

Foreign key:- It isacolumn or set of columns in a table that refers


to the unique values in another table's primary key. The table with
the foreign key is called the child table.
Cardinality ratio:- It is a way to describe the number of times an
entity instance can relate to another entity instance in a binary
relationship. There are three types of cardinality ratios- 1:1, 1:N,
N:M etc.

Relationship:- It is a logical connection between model


elements that defines their structure and behaviour.
Relationships are a key part of designing and implementing
effective software systems. There are Different types of
relationships:- Dependency, Association and link, Aggregation and
Composition, Inheritance.
Spiral mnodel is called Meta model:
The spiral model is called a meta model in software engineering
because it incorporates other SDLC models:
Iterative waterfall model: A single loop spiral represents the
iterative waterfall model.
Prototyping model: The spiral model uses the prototyping
model by creating a prototype at the start of each phase to
manage risks. Evolutionary model: The iterations in the spiral
can be seen as levels of evolution for the entire system.
Aggregation, composition, dependency, inheritance in

class diagram (with Example).


• Aggregation:- Arelationship where one class has a part-of
relationship with another class. In this relationship, the child
class can exist independently of the parent class. E.g, a car
has a wheel.
Composition:- A relationship where one class is part-of
another class, and the child class cannot exist independently
of the parent class. E.g, a house has rooms.
Dependency:- A relationship where two elements depend
on each other, but in a less strong relationship than a basic
association. E.g, a supplier and a client.
• Inheritance:- A relationship where a child or sub-class
takes on the functionality of a parent or superclass.
Eg, an apple is a type of fruit. Fruit is the super-class.
Apple is the sub-class.

Reference
Reference Book - Fundamentals of Software Engineering (4th
-
edition) Rajib Mall
- ,
Reference link gleek.io http://vlabs.itkgp.ernet.in

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