State Emblem: The official symbol of Andhra Pradesh i.e. the Royal Seal of the Andhra Pradesh State Government is circular in shape and has a Purnaghata (Akshayapatra) in the middle. There is a symbol of three lions under the purnaghata. At the bottom of the outer circle is Satyameva Jayate in Telugu. Inthe inter-crcles, Andhra Pradesh Government is written above in Telugu and Andhra Pradesh is written next to tin English script and Devanagari script, The official emblem of Andhra Pradesh was made based on the Purnaghatam of the Amaravati Buddhist Stupa. The Purnaghatam in the center ofthis symbol was originally used in 1956 end was exceptionally changed to Purnakumibha, August 16, 2018. Back to full se. Poornaghatam means Akshayapatra with lotus buds around it, Historians believe that it was carved by a tanner named Vidishaka. ‘Andhra Pradesh State Anthem Maa Telugu Taliki Malle. Pudanda (Maa Tenugu Tatliki Malle Pudanda) is written by Sakaran Badi Sundarachari. In this song, the author commemorates the famous rivers, culture, |= literature and famous people of history in Telugu drama. Sundarachari, wrote this song in 1942 and sung it melodiously in Tanguturi Suryakumari’s Abheri tga (eraga heard n South indian classical muse, itis an Indian dance from Andhra Pradesh, This dance originated in Kuchipudi vilage, Mowva mandal, Krishna district. t got its name from the practice of this classical dance by the Brahmins of the region in the 2nd century BC. Se rage The state language is Telugu. It belongs to the Dravidian language family and its speakers are mainly found in Andhra and Telangana. Telugu is one ofthe 6 languages recognized by the country's government as an ancient language of India in 2008, Teluguis the 4th most spoken mother tongue language in India, It ranks 15th in the list of mother tongue languages in the world, The birth anniversary (August 29) of Gidugu Rammurthy, the leader of Vayaharika Bhashodhyam, wil be Celebrated 3s Telugu Language Day... “Andra Rashtra was formed on October, 195, wth Kumool a its capital ater it was separated from Madras State, Andra State was formed on 1 November 1956 as the state of Andhra Pradesh by incorporating the Telugu speaking areas of Hyderabad State following the States Reparttion Act of 1956, After 1956 Le. eter 58 years of separate state movements, on 2nd June 2014, the united Andhra Pradesh with 28 cstricts was divided into the states of Tlangene and Andhra Pradesh under the Andhra Pradesh State Repartition Act. The newly formed (2014) state of Telangana (10 districts) has gone and continued as Navandhra Pradesh with 18 districts. Currently, Andhra Pradesh has been reorganized into 26 districts con April 4, 2022, Andhra Pradesh is spread in the shape of a key in the southeast direction of india,arabes 9° 07's -* a me 76° 60" 10 eo : es ve tongt . Thenansiandag me an ot ° caren the country. The pastel e910 i" es oa tan d a Tirupati district has he longest coastline (abou! ” (gujaratbeng refs) oe inva Pradesh stat tate IS of And are 48 c Sd ee es a ath position with 4.87 (i2districts) from Srikakulam 0 “ ‘nnda Pradests the econ state withthe largest © vonans cue tetreh ie ona ine in the country ‘point mec Pars North Chhattisgarh, Telan south unuth Tamil Nadu Karnataka on ae ay of 2 mesg Ee Jo the east is For! 1 i «district has the shortest coasting. 4, Srikakulam distr thas the longest coastline while West Godavari district has New Districts: 1966 year There were 20 districts in the stat exept citing ithe dE frakasom Dat on 20d + August 1978 Rengaredy District (Telangen) : Vizianagaram districts formed. * On une 2, 2014, Telangana region (10 districts) was separated from Andhra Pradesh (total B ditt) andi ein pr vi re Pash tic), . Out of 13 districts in the state before 2022, 11 districts were formed during the British period. Prakasam district emerged on February 2, 1970 as the center of Ongole with some areas from Guntur, Nellore ; ‘and Kurnoo! districts for administrative convenience after independence. Visakhapatnam with parts of Sitakiand district ‘Vizianagaram district wes formed as the last district on June 1, 1979 with Vizienagaram as the centre. * In 2014, some mandals of Telangana state were merged into Seemandhra and the name Navendhra or Navandhra Pradesh ere to the fore, Andhra Pradesh which had 13 districts was reorganized into 26 districts on April 4, 2022. = ee pre 1974 pe Secon) ofthe Government as undertaken the retibuton sae fesh can be ee divided into two geographical regions namely: * Presently Navandhra Pradesh — radesh (Seshandhra Pradesh) consists of 26 districts: 1 Coastal Andhra 18 districts » Districts formed after persons: |. Prakasam District (1972) Ths distri istrict was formed on Febru thse lary 2, 1970 unde it as Prakasam District in 1972, —_" state before the advert of united ‘Andhra Pradesh. 3 formed aftr that 2) Rayalaseema - 8 districtsSee eee 2, Potti Sriramulu Nellore District (2008) 3.V.S.R. Kadapa 4. NTR District (2022) thya Sai Baba District (2022] 2010) 5, Alluri Seetharamaraju District (2022) 7, Annamayya District (2022) BR. Ambedkar Konaseema District (2022) * District wise area wise Largest istrict: WJ Prakasam District (14,322 sq.km.) * her Visakhapatnam District (1,048 sq km) PRs Coastal Andhra region has 18 districts viz ‘Srikakulam 21,91,437 Veieogarm “122 19,30,811 _€> | iaeiinnmee TE 2.559 a: Ea 9,26,340 om Allr itaramaraju District 12,261 a ce Visakhapatnam =a 1,048 oa i > 6 esesy 4,292 Bm: Ln EE 3010 2 a ° 20,92,374 Or, BR. Ambedkar Konaseema District 2,083 7,19,093 au x 9. J) cast Godavari NN ( © 18,32,332 & West Godavari 178 19 9,935 oS nee 3,316 22,18, 501 2 Guntur 2,443 20,91, x 8. Ane a a = a 20,41,723 J 16. |) Badass 3,828 { 15,86,918 a. ipeciieimes 14. 2 i 22,88,026 J 18. Potti Sriramulu Nellore District 10,441 4,69,712 * Area of Kostanhra : 91,906 sq. km. WI Coastal Andhra region has fertile delta plains formed by Krishna, Godavari and Penna rivers. * Largest district in Kostanhra by area: Prakasam (14,322 sq.km.) ‘Smallest District: Visakhapatnam (1,048 sq km) cts with highest mandals: Prakasam, Potti Sriramulu Nellore (38 mandals) districts Dist District with Least Mandals Visakhapatnam (11 Mandals) * Currently in Kostanhra as per 2011 census Most populous district Potti Sriramulu Nellore (24,69,712)sree * District with highest coastline in the District with shortest * Visakhapatnam district is a fully urban district as state: Srikakulam (198 km) coastline : West Godavar (21 km) per 201 statistios ‘Complete Rural District: Alluri Sitaramaraju Rayalasoema There are 8 districts in Rayalaseema, Year Districts 3. Anantapur SYSR Fee | Chittoor 6,855 * Area of Rayalaseema region: 71,060 sq. km * Tirupati the only district of Rayalaseema with coastal area ER m * Largest cistrictin Rayalaseeme [lin terms of eres Vere Keclope (12288 Smallest citric Chittoor (6,855 sq. km) * District with highest number of mandals in District with Least Mandals Kurnool (26 Mandals) * According to the 2011 census, the most populous Rayalaseema: YSR Kadava (36 mandals) district in Rayalaseema | is: 489 (22,71,686). Least Populous District : La (16,97,308) * While Andhra Pradesh shares the longest border with Telangana, the state with the least border is Chhotisgan J 1) Telangana: Shares border with most districts. They are 7 districts: * Alluri Sitaramaraju NTR Distt * Eur i * Brightness * Nandyala * Kurnool : Shares border with 5 districts. They are: Shri Sathya Sai * Kurnool * Chittoor * Brother |) * Anantapur 3) Odisha : Shares border with 3 districts. They are: * Srikakulam * Parvathipuremanyam 4 Tamil Nadu: Shares border with 2 districts, They are: 5) Chhattisgarh ; Shares border with 1 district. They are: + Alluri Seetharamarajam * Chittoor + Tupati * Alluri SitaramarajLand Enclosed Districts: * There ar 3 landlocked cisrctsin the state namely. 1. YSR Kadava (shares border with 6 districts of the state) 2. East Godavari (shares border with 5 districts) 3. Guntur (shares border with 4 districts) * Kurnool was the capital when Andhra State was formed on October 1, 1953 from the Tamils, * Hyderabad was the state capital when Andhra Pradesh was formed on November 1, 1956, when the Telugu region clyde recurs * Part-2, Section 5 of Andhra Pradesh Repartition Act 2014 states that Hyderabad will continue as the capital of Andhra Pradesh for 10 years. "He said that construction of a new capital should be undertaken in Andhra Pradesh state in these 10 years. * On April 23, 2015, Amaravati was announced as the capital of the new state. * The funda stone ofthe captl J was id on October 22,2015 * Area of capital city 217.23 2.8.2 (83.87 5.) * Brand name of the state ~ The Sun Rice State ‘Amaravati (The People’s Capital) 77108 * Andhra Pradesh occupies the 10th postion inthe country in terms of population. Ava Pradesh has a population share of 409% ofthe county's population. * Rural population in percentage terms: 70.53% Urban population 29.47% * The largest district in the | state interms of population - Sri Pott Srramulu Nellore The lowest district is Parvathipuramanyam * The presence of a state is identified by its coastal area, * The coastal plain is the vast plain between the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and the coastline of the Bay of Bengal, * Coastal region of Andhra Pradesh is known as Sarkar Coast or Coastal Coast. * The coastline from Srikakulam district to Tirupati district is about 974 km. Your spread occupies the 2nd position in India. This coastline stretches from Vamsadhara river in Srikakulam district in the north to Pulikat Jake in Tirupati cstrictin the south. * Andhra Pradesh has 12 districts along the coastline. 2.Vzianagaram 4, Anakapalli 6. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema 10.* The coastal plain is spread over the greater width (150 km) in Krishna and West Godavari districts. * Kolleru Lake, the largest fresh water eke in Andhra Pradesh, is located inthis plain “Its area: SENN 250 sakm ‘The rivers that join this lake are: Upteru, Ramileru, Tammileru Kolleru Lake is spread over West Godavari district. * The hills along the coast south of Visakha town in the northern coastal plain are the Yarada hills. Because cof their standing upright, they protect the Visakhapatnam dock from the sea waves. Ths area is called Dolphinos. * This field is also known as stocks, stumps, kevska at Gangavaram near Visakha and dolphins in Visakha, Rao. Famous for Bhrigu, the sickle-shaped spits (sand dunes) near Rajahmundry. * On the southern coastal plain, Pennanadi formed a small delta region at Nellore. * The Pennana River joins the Bay of Bengal near Ootukur. Beaches in Andhra Pradesh Gollapalem Vadarevu, Suryalanka, Motupalli Nam: ‘Sri Poti Sriramulu Nellore Maipadu, Gangapatnam, Ramayapatnam, Krishnapatnam + They are parallel to the Bay of Bengal, west of the Coastal Plain, east of the Deccan Plateau, and * Eastern Ghats are formed by metamorphic rocks called Charnockite and Condolite. These mountain + The Eastern Ghats to the north are known as Eastern Ranges’ ‘and the Eastern Ghats to the south are known as ats which are divided into north and south, these ghats are 60 to 70 ‘km wide. EEE ® Popular Summer Resort in Eastern Ghats: Enugumallammakonda (Horse Hills - Annamaya District) * Inthese eastern ghats there are 2 southern branches of Krishna river. 1. Outer Branch Nallamala Hills (Kurnool), Velikondas (Nellore), 2 The inner branch is Erramalla Hil (Nellore) and Seshachalam Fils. These ae Tirupati Hils(Tirpat), Palakondas (Kadap) % Stichuon Mahendragiri % Visakhapatnam #5) Yaradakonda, Dolphinoskonda, ‘Simhagiri Konda * Alluri Sitaramaraj District: Anantagiri Hills, Papikondas, Dhuma Hills % ur Feehan cs BI Mangetogi Hin BE) alnadu Distt Bellamkonda, Negarjunakonda, Vinukonda, Kotappakonda, Ganikand,Kondaveeti Konda H) NTR District Mogalrajapuram and Kondapall Hill, Sitanagaram Hills PR Protason # | Markapuram and Chimakurthi hills * The borders of Nellore & Kadapa district are Veikondas ee YSR Kadapa 1 Veligonda, Palakondalu Annaneya ist UE Harbs His (Enugu Mallemma Konda) in Madenapali Sesh His of Tia iti: sewn | Ramagi hills and mountens in Rayadurgam are known as Sanduru mountains Sri Sathya ‘Nandyale: Pemugonda, Medekasira Hila, Sai BA rors rte Kurnool: Naliamala hills ocally famous caves in Andhra Pradesh: * Belum Caves: The second largest natural cave complex in India. (Meghalaya ranked first) Located in Kolimigunda Mandal of Nandyala District. They were first mentioned in 1884 by an Engishmen named Robert Brucepot about the existence of Belum Caves. * Borra caves are situated in Alluri Sitaramaraj district. 2 sq. km. They are spread over the area. The caves were discovered in 1807 by British geographer William King. The local tribals believe Borra Caves to be the abode of Bodo God (Big God). Gostani river originates from here. * Guthikonda Caves: 30 km from Narasa Raopet in Palnadu district. isa srne named after Peremnikaganna Meet ata distance, Guthixonda bila ( A symbol of Indian culture dating back to the 12th century. Swayam Prakasha Avaduta Swemulu isthe darkness MallyaItis known fror inscriptions that tl , ar Trunllu happens asa frevel. Near this rte thee|S6 Iu (Nekireal) Hein 2008. Chagall (Nekreal)bultthis temple Seen ric! + Mughalrjapuram Caves: Located in NTR Dstt There are 5 cavesin total. There anidolo ate 4 + tog os: These caves ate located in Kurnon sit, Rokalla, Veni sara and Veerabraham caves 3 among them - —— a val vilage of Tadepaliimandal of Guntur dst * Undavalli Caves: These caves are located in Undavall village f Tadepal | c | ers, and all the rivers flowing through) King the Eastern Ghats home to } in the region contribute ly favorable forthe flow of rv et in the Bay of Bengal, mal the presence of a long coastline Andhra Pradesh is geographical Telangena low tough Andhra Pradesh and me ivers. A number of factors such 8s } many smal i to the igh avalability of irrigation water Godavar River: inthe Western Ghats of Maharashtra and after crossing the Telangana state * Itoriginates near Nasik Trimbakam istrict, West Godavari Wihra Pradesh, Allur Sitaramaraju District, East Godavari [enters the Burgampahad region of An he districts of Konaseema and after joining the Sabari districts of 9 District, Eluru District, Dr. BR. Ambedkar lows through the Bay of Bengal. Hence itis caled Sapt river near Koonavaram it splits into 7 branches and joins itjins the Bay of Bengel at Yanam on the Kakinada Dr BR Ambedkar Konaseema District tervedi NNN) Dr. BR. Ambedkar at Komarigir town of Konaseema district 33. Vainatheya TA te WIMINNL 01.8. Ambedkar st Konseema Distt endamuruLena [1 & By) 0r.B.R Ambeckar st Bendamuru Lanka, Konaseema District Joins the Vaishabrench. 7 oda Joins Vainatheya branch. * Tributaries of Godavari River: Maniira 1.Gautars + Pranabita Indrawati *Kinnerasani Seeleru. | # #56 + Stop D * The area between Gautam, VshishaandVanaey pyes scaled Konaseems, *In the year 1 ythur Cc a year 1852, Sir Arthur Cotton constructed a dam on Godavari River at Dhavaleswaram. tisha iver " ar a a *ltoriginates at Mahabaleswaram in Western pire pecnee nics 7 ise and after passing through Maharashtra, Kamnatska 3 radesh at Machumarri (Sangameshw hen as eae igameshwaram) village in Kurnool district. It | gf 0! district. It ther _ ie al nau, Krishna, Bapatla and NTR districts in all six dist j : 7 igal at Hansala Devi in Krishna district, aes ote *The Krishna river splits i pits into two at Puligadda, 64 k ij mai ; f . , fertile high plain between these two branches is eee samme Phiosozeraess || ir* The tributaries of Krishna river % are Tungabhadra, Dini, Paleru, Koyana, Varna, Panchganga, Musi, Ghataprebh, Bhima, Munner, Malaprabha, Hala, Peddavagu, Dudonga, * Srisailam hydropower station was built near Srisailam on Krishna river. Vijayawada isthe area where the Krishna river enters the plains. * The largest tributary of Krishna River. * Longest tributary of Krishna River: * It originates in the Nandidurga hills of Karnataka and first flows into the state at Hindupur in Sri Satyasel itt of Andhra Pradesh Itflows through the four districts of Sri Sethyasal, Anantapur, Kedapa and Nellore and finally Ootukuru in Nellore cstict. joins the Bay of Bengal at This river is also known as Pinakini and Penneru. The tributaries of ths river are- Jayamangla, Chitravati, Kunderu, Papaghni, Chyeeru, Sagileru etc. This river flows along the villages of Potladurth, Hanumanagatti,Kogatam, Pushpagir, Chennuru, Lingampally, “yoishetram and Sedhavatam nKedapa district and reaches the Somasi reser * Near Pushpagiri Papagni, Kumudvati, Valkala and Mandavi rivers join Penna, That is why Pushpagiri Kshetra is called Panchanadi Kshetra. Gandikota and Siddhavatam forts are located in the basin of Pennanadi. * There is Somashila Dam at Nellore on Pennadi. * It originates in the Varaha Mountains of Karnataka and flows through Telangana State (Gadiwel District) to join the Krishna River at Sangamieswaram in Nandyel District. has tributaries Hand and Hagari (Vedavati) Kumu Dwapati and Varedanaci. Among the tributaries of the Krishna, Turgabhaca isthe lrgst tributary. * Vampa is another name of Tungabhadra river in Ramayana On the banks of the Tungabhadra River, Hampi is home to the Raghavendra Swamy Temple (Mantralayam). > The Wjayanagera Empire, which flourished in the medieval history of South ind, flourished onthe banks ofthis river Elders refer to the Tangabhadra as one ofthe Panchagangas of India, * Vamsadhara originates in the hills of Jalpur in Odisha and enters Parvathipuram Manyam district at Patapatnam. * It joins the Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam in Srikakulam district. * tis lerge iver that rigiatsinthe Baste Ghats and flows into the Bay of Beng * Its length is 96 km in Odisha, 130 km in Andhra Pradesh, * Nagavali also has the name ‘Langulya’. * The Nagavali river originates in the Raigad hills of Odisha and flows through Odisha in Parvathiuram Manyam district to enter Andhra Pradesh in Wangara mandal and joins the Bay of Bengal at Wopasubander in Srikakulam district. * Srikakulam town is situated on the banks ofthis river. * suvemamubhi, Religadda, Janjnavati, Vegapati and Otigadda are mor tributaries of Nagavali, Its length is 96 km in Odisha and 110 km in Andhra Pradesh. * Highlights: The first rubber dam in Asia was built on Janjhavati river in Vizianagaram district.ee * Another name ofthis river is Matsyakundala’ * Machkhand river originates in the Maduga gorges: of Visakhapatnam COdisha and meets the Bay of Bengal. Duduma Falls is located on Machkhand River. district. It flows northwards in +t originates inthe Chandra Gutas of Trupat District (Thondavada Neksekonds area) flows through the same district and joins the Bay of Bengal near Andalaraa in Tirupati Distr + Kalyani and Bhima rivers are te main ibutaries ofthis ver, Kalyana Srinivasa is worshiped at Srinivasa angapuram onthe bank f Kalai. Tere are Agestesware Temple at Thondavads, Nunu Parasareswara marashurameswara Temple near Gudimallam and Sri Kalahastiswara Temple near Srikalahasti Tempe at Yogimallavera, P Advantages of rivers * Many Durgas are built on the banks of rivers in Andhra Pradesh * Durges ke Nagarjuna Konda, Daren Kota, Blamkonda,ajamahendravaram areal built on the banks ofthe river. + Rivers continued as boundaries of the kingdoms - Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers continued as boundaries of the Choa and Chala Vyanagar nado. * Many temples are built on the banks of rivers and are known as many shrines. * Srisalm- Krishna river * Mantralayam ~ Tungabhadra * Vijayawada -Krishnanad 1 Annavaram- Pampanadi + Salahast- Swamamukh 4 Amaravat- Krishna River Intervedi Godavari * Mulhalingam (Srikakulam) is | the ancestral river * Rally (Or. BR Ambedkar Konaseema) between Vashishta and Gautami rivers Can't: * Anatural fresh water lake in Eluru district, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh state. * Kolleru ake is spread between the Krishna and Godavari deltas, Rivers Tammileru, udsmeru, Ramileru and Upteru meet at Kolleru. NNN i km. Paraja, Purajamu, and Nulugu < ug the most important birds that migrate ere. Birds also migrate here from Siberia. Kolleru | 8S a'sanctuary in 1999, ee * Siberian crane, s Pelicans are protected there. It was recognized in the 'sar Conventior , $p0t billed pelicans are protected there. It din the Ramsar Conventi in 2002, There is Kolleru Bird Conservation Center here. lake is famous for pelican birds. It was declared “A famous temple in Kolleti Kota area in the heart of Kolleru Lake is Peddintlamma Vari Temple.AE ET * Devotees from other states such as Odisha and Tamil Nadu also come to visit this goddess's temple, | ‘ye which is more than 9 feet tall, with wide-eyed Padmasana posture. During the festival held annually from Palguna Shuddha Padyami to Full Moon, on Palguna Shudda Dwadashi, Peddintlamma Sameta Jaladurga and Gokarneswara Swamy near Kollti Fort are married. + Pulicat: * Pulicat Lake is the largest lake in Andhra Pradesh, the second largest lake in India, itis a brackish water lake, the second largest lake after Chilka Lake on the Coromandel coast of India, * itis spread between the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, * This lake is spread over an area of about 250 sq.km in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nedu, mainly in Tirupati istrict. It increases to 460 sq km during monsoon. * On the southern bank of the Pulicat Lake is the town of Pulicat in the Tiruvalluvar district of the state of Tail Nadu Plicat Bird Sanetuaryis located here. * There are islands Sriharikota, Venadu and Irukam in this lake. * Sriharikota Island separates the Pulicat Lake from the Bay of Bengal. * Itis a Pelican and Flamingo Bird Sanctuary. ‘Another name of this lake is Pralayakaveri * A volume of stories called Pralayakaveri Kathalu (Author- S. Ven. Ramesh) has come out on the background of Pulikat Lake and the life of the people there. A collection of 21 Acha Telugu stories. The stories in it were first serialized in Andhra Jyoti on Sunday. The story of Uttara Poddu in this book was first published in Sunday Andhra Jyoti, 7th December 2003, The rest: of the stories were published every Sunday starting {rom the 2st March 2004 Sunday in Andhra yo tilthe 25th July issue * There are small lakes in the state such as Conductorla Aapa, Komaravolu Ava, Talathampara, Damayanti Lake, Jagannath Sagarem ete, ferent * Nellore district is in Ravur mandal. * There is a Penushila Narasimhaswamy temple here. * Araku Valley is located in Alluri Sitaramaraju District, * Tirupati is situated in Seshadri hills. * This place is at the feet of Lord Kapileswara. *Palnadu district Qe+ Most of Andhra Pradesh Plateau is Rayalasi (Anantapuram Chittoor Valleys) Eastern Hill (Kadapa Ranges, valleys) are spread over. * : 7 This cael mainly composed of grarite, quertz and Archean gneiss rocks. + itis spread in a part of Anantapur and Chittoor district. This plateau is formed by 4 types of rocks. They are: 1) Dharwar Rocks + ‘ ‘The area from Dharwar region of Karnataka to Chittoor borders. ‘These rocks are known for many valuable minerals, il = Minerals such as gold (Chittoor) and abraham (Gudurin Tirupati district) are available. 1) Kadapa rocks: , MA Kade rocks are the remnants of Dharwar rocks left over 50 million years ago due to weathering factors. They were fist studied in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, hence the name Kadapa. These rocks are widely spread in Kadapa, Annamaya district, Kurnool, Bellary and Anantapur districts. are famous for asbestos, mica and limestone minerals. * Metalic minerals are not found in this system, Sandstone, limestone and shales are mostly spread in this system. In this, base stones and raw materials for glass making are widely available. * In Andhra Pradesh only in Kurnool district these rocks are found. ‘These rocks were formed when the sea swelled, They are famous for petroleum and natural gas reserves, _Inits place, sand, lime and clay formed as sedimentary rocks. “They are especially found in Tadepalli Gudem, Jagarlamudi, Nujiveedu, Tuni, Rajahmundry, Sangam and ‘are mainly present in this region * The Deccan Lava Region was formed during the late Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic Era when lava was exposed through holes in the Indian subcontinent, * But due to exposure of lava at different times, one lava layer flows over another lava layer and these are called ‘traps’ as they form steps in the kosala, * They are spread here and there in Prakasam and Guntur districts in East and West Godavari districts, The most common rock formed in this system i ‘isalt,| Miscellaneous Deaths: + Andhra Pradesh territory belongs to the oldest geological structure. * Composed of nice or gracitoid nice rock formation. : * The rocks that emerged after these are spread on the east coast in Kadapa, Kurnool, Krishna and: Godavari deltas, * Red soils are most common in Rayalaseema region while alluvial oils are most common in Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam end Ubhayagodavari districts. * These types of soils are found in Nujiveedu in Eluru district, Vinukonda in Palnadu district and Palnadu. appear” in Rayalaseema itis suitable for crops only during the rainy season due to the quick percolation of water inthe red soils. The rest ofthe season wl continue with drought. Alluvial soils: * Alluvial soils were formed due to the flow of many rivers like Godavari, Krishna, Penna, Vamsadhara, Alluvial sollis very fertile, Alluvial soil brought by Godavari river has high percentage of lime and potassium. * Most of the Krishna delta has sandy loam soils. * Alluvial sediments are less in Srikakulam and combined Visakhapatnam districts and more in Ubhayagodavari, Krishna and Guntur distriots, These soils are more suitable for gardens. “* Mango, cashew mango, turmeric and potato crops are cultivated in these soils. * These soils are composed of sand and silt. These soils extend from 3 to 12 km from the coast and have some marine salinity. Due to the presence of high percentage of sand and low percentage of clay in the coastal sandy soil, these soils become fallow lands and tees are scattered here and there, Sarvi tree (cassava) grows in these soils. Due to the presence of clay in some higher places, it is suitable for growing mange, cashew ord coconut plntations * Climate of Andhra Pradesh is tropical or equatorial monsoon climate. The reason is that in terms of temperature, ‘Andhra Pradesh i located in the Ayanarekha region, * The state of Andhra Pradesh has a tropical monsoon climate like India. Andhra Pradesh lies below * The state of Andhra Pradesh lies between the equator (0° latitude) and the equator (23/° north latitude) on the globe. Therefore, there is tropical and subtropical influence on the state. * Rainfall in Andhra Pradesh depends on monsoons. Thus the climate of Andhra Pradesh is known as tropical or equatorial monsoon climate.* By the end of December, the entre state coos down and temperatures are very lowin January and February, This Dry weather prevails during the season. The lowest temperature during this period was recorded at Lambasngi(- (rin Alu Settaramarjy sic. Lambasihiis serbed as Ania Pradesh Kashmir. * Lambasinghi, (Alur Sitemaraju istrict) is famous for apple cultivation in Andhra Pradesh state. 1) Surmer season: + Summer season starts from the first week of March and lasts til the second week of June. The temperature starts rising from the first ‘week of March. Hailstorms occur in the ‘month of May. During this season, due to excessive convective process, cumulonimbus clouds are formed and ‘convective rain showers with thunder ighting and hal occur These are known a aeruvaka showers ‘and mango showers. ‘The average temperature ofthe state is 27°C. dare Rentachintala in Palnadu district (46 degree Celsius). “The areas withthe highest temperature recordes aca ‘Andhra Pradesh’s only summer resortdp- Harbs His (Elephant Mallamma Konda) Annamaya District Ray season: 90% of the rainfall is received by monsoons. is 966 mm. Region-wise rainfall in Kostanhra region it is recorded as 672 mm. * Southwest wind season starts from mid-June to ‘end of September. less during this period. The annual average rainfall of the state region is 1000 mm while in Rayalaseema ‘The norma anfalin Andhra Pradesh during the southwest mansoon is $56:mm. * Northeast Monsoons blow between October to December. This is due to high rainfall in the south coast. occurs Along with this, Rayalaseema districts like Tirupati, Annamayya, Chittoor, Y.S.R. Kadapa ict alo receive rafal Cyclones (Prakasam, Nellore, Tirupati) are likely to form in the south coast during the northeast monsoon, The reason isthe formation of air pockets inthe Bay of Bengel. * Normal rainfall during North East Monsoon season is 224 mm. * According to the National Forest Policy of 1952, 33 percent of the total land area should be forested. Andhra Pradesh Forest Area ; 38,060 5.8.0, “Andhra Pradesh ranks 9th the forest area ofthe country. "The largest forests in Andhra Pradesh are Nallamala forests. * Aluri ju distri \ eau als has the largest forest area in Andhra Pradesh (8,03,039 hectares), : ¢ district is a district without forest area, Visakhapatnam has become a area urban forest * The state has forests ranging from Tirup. Jat in the south to Simhachalam in the north, Seshachalam hills, Palakondas, Nallamala hils and Balaghat hills in the west. 4Deco ua cs ‘Arasavalli Sun Temple: * Sri Suryanarayana temples are rare in India. Arasavalli in Andhra state has a great solar field. * according to the verse ‘Arogyam Bhaskaradhichchet, pligrms from many places come to Arasavalli and worship with devotion and get rid of. * There is a peculiarity in its construction. During Uttarayana and Dakshinayana, sun rays fall on the Lord's feet. * This temple was built during the reign of Eastern Ganga king Devendra Varma (7th century). Shathundam on the bank of river Vamsadhra Be About 18 km to Srikakulanna. A Buddhist temple in your dist ) ©) *Salinundam means ‘Grain Goat’... NBR] A place where Buddhist monks kept food grains - During the excavations here, the 3-headed, 6-armed idol of Cl adi, Manjushr and Tara idols were unearthed. Salinundam field was discovered by Gidugu Rammurthy Pantuluin 1919 Facial BF cuit 500 years ago bythe descendants of kalinga Ganga, this Mahakshetrais located 56 km from Srikekula, and Somes ples of Nechurestnarsnamy, Bhimesras in this field situated on the bank of Vamsdhara river. * | The sculpture on these temples is delightful. * Earlier, Mukhalingam, which was treated as a city of Kalinga, emerged as the capital of the Kalinga Gangs till the sevenh ont, | Shree Kurmanath Temple: I * The field where Shri Kurmanatha shines. 15 km to Srikakulam town, This temple snot far from you, * Bird conservation center in Thelinilapuram village, Tekkali mandal, Srikakulam istrict, every year pelican and stork birds migrate here from Siberia, breed and return with offspring.———) a & anagara, some of the a ee ar uthor of this drama town's Prasa areas like AVY : Garda Anp8"20 Tirtt it in uddhi ros yo fitha during Boddu periods called Rama Tithe later Its an ancient Buddtist ee here a os : peal — vet is musical inst i W Aveena's3 ae : - the Govt of india. GeosTeP = recognition from In 1980, Bobbili won the National Award Sarasii ot Golapally ; village near BobEIl continu of . making veers from generation generation Pe cute Pas oe ; Temple is worshiped as an ad lage of Makiuwa Mandal $i Pola * Goddess Polams Gornukhi a le deity of Uttarandhrain Sha is town, The fairs held in the nd week of Yara varnamukhi rivers flow next tO PPro 7 . * * pakloye + araku Valley, which is evergreen with beautiful waterfalls, is 14 km away from Visakhapatnam. Ata distance of 13 km from this, the Madand tyydropowey statin for Orissa and Andhra Pradesh is located, The $50 feet high waterfalls a sight to behold Borra Caves oad #) On the way to Araku Valley i y from Visakhapatnam, Borra C: J aves cal from Borra Caves. In the distance, Kataki Falls can be seen on the way to ae a *Itisa great Rg ‘ : cole Kshetra Klualis situated on the hls tan alttude of 800 feet above the 7 , ie Tith century Sri Narsimhaswamy temple is located here. a* The Chandana Yatra festival held in March and * Many inscriptions on the walls and pillars of this temple help historians * Beginning with Kulottunga Chola’ victory inscription (1087 AD) | inthe tIth century, til the victory inscription written by Vijayanagara Jord Shri Krishna Devaraya, its known who visited this area. ‘submarine Museum: led in Visokna District. Geos rmalinges W sridharmalingeswara temple at the foothills of Phanigiri at Panchad Anacapall district is very famous. .e the mountain range stretches for several miles like fani (snake) crawling. itis named Fanigiri becaus Fi The name Panchadarla is apt for this field because of the 5 streams flowing continuously into * Ramakrishna Beach s lo far Temple Panchadara arla village near Yalamanchill in the baths at the bottom of the hill. Tati Koppata: he: oc Atkoppaka lacquerware. These igures are made from the Ankud stick tre (Rhytia tinct). Etkoppaka is situated on the banks of Varaha river. Annaveram: L- Annavaramis avery famous place in Telugu state on the banks of Pampana vr in East Godavari district light shining on Ratnagir. This isthe Sr Veeravenkata Satyanarayanaswamy Temple of Herihara Hirany I * For the first 5 days of the Vaishakshuddha Ekadashi of Satyanarayana Swamy, Kalyan mahotsavams are held for the Swami wih reat pomp. * The sunrayal (sun clock) to the left of the mandapam in front of the hill is a must-see mechanical structure during this field trip. Pe sella us 1% Jaganmohini Kesavaswamy Temple in Rally village, 8 km from Rajahmundry, is a must-see temple for tourists. In Rally village between Vashishta and Gautam rivers, which are the source of Godavari, Lord appears q as Vishnu on the front and Mohini on the back. mmbolizes the artistic talent of the sculptor. * Carved out Intervedi: * The Lakshminarsimhaswamy temple is the main one here. This ternple is situated on the bank of river Godavari Leehas made our country known as Trilinga country. North India, so is Draksharama in S DDraksharama is one ofthe Kshetratrayam that As Varanasiis a sacred place in uth India. jm Situated on the banks of Godavari, Rajamahendravaram is cf Goutait, te ancient site of Katina, and this pace fs known as Shwetaparatan. sent old bridge. Markandeyeswara temple is situated here. Janardhana Swamy temple is famous here. * Here Katon Mahasaya bullt a dam for Ichta Cotton Park Cotton Museum are the tourist places to visit. Palakollu Khisiraram: SPI This temple is one ofthe Pancharama temples. Insriptions indicate that twas ult during the Chalukya Bhim period + Lord Rama took the amvitalinga headdress inthis Ksheerarema Kshetre According to legends, \asavi Kanyaka Parameshwari Temple: 11. Eluru District Dwarka Tirumala ‘of West Godavari district. ‘Stkakuleswara Swamy Temple: 12. Krishna District