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Axial Deformation

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83 views

Axial Deformation

Uploaded by

kadamrishita3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Axial Deformation

Chapter 3
Saint Venant’s Principle

• Localized effect disappears at some point of


application of load.
• Assumed that the “ Independent of distribution of
applied load as long as the resultant forces were
equivalent (Statically Equivalent)
Example 1
A steel [E = 200 GPa] rod with a circular cross section is
7.5-m long. Determine the minimum diameter
required if the rod must transmit a tensile force of 50
kN without exceeding an allowable stress of 180 MPa
or stretching more than 5 mm.

d = 21.85 mm
Example 2
A 12-mm-diameter steel [E = 200 GPa] rod (2) is
connected to a 30-mm-wide by 8-mm-thick
rectangular aluminum [E = 70 GPa] bar (1), as shown in
Figure P5.3. Determine the force P required to stretch
the assembly 10.0 mm.

P=118,682.6 N
Example 3
An axial member consisting of two polymer bars is supported at
C as shown in Figure P5.5. Bar (1) has a cross-sectional area of
540 mm 2 and an elastic modulus of 28 GPa. Bar (2) has a
cross-sectional area of 880 mm2 and an elastic modulus of 16.5
GPa. Determine the deflection of point A relative to support C
Practice problem
The two-segment steel rod has a circular cross section with
diameter d1= 15 mm over one- half of its length, and diameter
d2 = 10 mm over the other half. The modulus of elasticity of the
steel is E = 200 GPa. (a) How much will the rod elongate under
the tensile load of P =20 kN? (b) If the same volume of material
were to be made into a rod of constant diameter and the same
2-m length, what would be the elongation of this rod under the
same load P?
Example 4
An axial member consisting two-element is supported at A as
shown in Figure below. Determine the displacement uC of end C

u C = e1 + e2 = -0.0955 mm + 0.1617 mm
u C = 6.62(10-2) mm
Example 5
Aluminum [E = 70 GPa] member ABC
supports a load of 28 kN, as shown in
Figure P5.7. Determine: (a) the value of
load P such that the deflection of joint C
is zero. (b) the corresponding deflection
of joint B.
Example 6
A solid brass [E = 100 GPa] axial
member is loaded and supported as
shown in Figure P5.8. Segments (1) and
(2) each have a diameter of 25 mm and
segment (3) has a diameter of 14 mm.
Determine: (a) the deformation of
segment (2). (b) the deflection of joint D
with respect to the fixed support at A.
(c) the maximum normal stress in the
entire axial member.
Practice problem
The 20-mm-diameter A-36 steel rod is subjected to the axial
forces shown. Determine the displacement of end C with respect
to the fixed support at A. (E = 200GPa)

U C = UAB + UBC = -0.5729 mm + 0.2546 mm


U C = - 0.3183 mm
Example 7
The assembly consists of a steel rod CB and an aluminum rod BA,
each having a diameter of 12 mm. If the rod is subjected to the
axial loadings at A and at the coupling B, determine the
displacement of the coupling B and the end A. The unstretched
length of each segment is shown in the figure. Neglect the size of
the connections at B and C, and assume that they are rigid. E st =
200 GPa, E al = 70 GPa
Practice problem
Three solid cylindrical rods are welded together to form the
compound axial member shown in Figure P5.4. The member is
attached to a fixed support at A. Each rod has an elastic
modulus E = 40 GPa. Use the following values for the rod
lengths and areas: L1 = 1,440 mm, L2 = 1,680 mm, L3 = 1,200
mm, A1 = 260 mm 2, A2 = 130 mm2, and A3 = 65 mm2. What
magnitude of external load P is needed to displace end D a
distance u D = 60 mm to the right?
Practice problem
A uniform rod of diameter d is subjected to axial loads at the three
cross sections, as illustrated in Fig below. If the displacement at the
right end, u D, cannot exceed 5 mm, and the maximum axial stress
in the rod cannot exceed 80 MPa, what is the minimum allowable
diameter of the (circular) cylindrical rod? Use E =70 GPa.
Practice problem
The two-segment steel rod in Fig below has a circular cross section
with diameter d1 =15 mm over one- half of its length, and
diameter d2 =10 mm over the other half. The modulus of elasticity
of the steel is E=200 GPa. (a) How much will the rod elongate
under the tensile load of P = 20 kN? (b) If the same volume of
material were to be made into a rod of constant diameter and the
same 2-m length, what would be the elongation of this rod under
the same load P?
Example 8 (statically Indeterminate)

Two identical steel [E = 200 GPa] pipes,


each with a cross-sectional area of 1,475
mm 2 , are attached to unyielding supports
at the top and bottom, as shown in Figure
below. At flange B, a concentrated
downward load of 120 kN is applied.
Determine: (a) the normal stresses in the
upper and lower pipes. (b) the deflection
of flange B.
Practice problem

A steel rod (1) is attached to a steel post (2)


at flange B. A downward load of 110 kN is
applied to flange B. Rod (1) and post (2) are
attached to rigid supports at A and C,
respectively. Rod (1) has a cross-sectional
area of 800 mm2 and an elastic modulus of
200 GPa. Post (2) has a cross sectional area
of 1,600 mm2 and an elastic modulus of 200
GPa. (a) Compute the normal stress in rod
(1) and post (2). (b) Compute the deflection
of flange B.
Example 9
An aluminum tube (1) encases a
brass core (2). The two components
are bonded together to form an axial
member that is subjected to a down-
ward force of 30 kN. Tube (1) has an
outer diameter D = 30 mm and an
inner diameter d = 22 mm. The
elastic modulus of the aluminum is
70 GPa. The brass core (2) has a
diameter D = 22 mm and an elastic
modulus of 105 GPa. Compute the F2=−19.07 kN
normal stresses in tube (1) and core F1=−10.93 kN
(2). σ1 = −33.5 MPa
σ2 = −50.2 MPa
Practice problem
The steel pipe is filled with concrete and subjected to a
compressive force of 80 kN. Determine the average normal
stress in the concrete and the steel due to this loading. The pipe
has an outer diameter of 80 mm and an inner diameter of 70
mm. E c = 24 GPa, E st = 200 GPa.

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