2.

0 Design Input
The following values have been used for the design and analysis of the structure.
2.1 Geometric Inputs
Span of Truss (Width of structure, w) = 39.45 m
Height of structure (h) (eave height) = 6.8 m
Length of structure (l) = 42.85 m
Number of bays = 10 Nos
Bay spacing = 4.24 m
Type of Truss = Curved Roof Turss
Slope of Roof = 1 in 2.747
Theta = 20 Degree

2.2 Material Inputs

Structural Steel
Grade of Steel = YSt 240
Modulus of Elasticity, Steel Es = 200000 MPa
Poisson's ratio µ = 0.3
Yield strength of steel, Fe410/E250 Fy = 250 MPa
Ultimate stress of the material Fu = 410 MPa
Density of Steel γs = 78.5 KN/m3
Sheet = Galvalume sheet of 0.5mm Thick

Concrete
Grade of Concrete = M30
Compressive strength of concrete fc = 30 MPa
Density of Concrete γc = 25 KN/m3
Secant Modulus of Elasticity, Concrete E cm = 32000 MPa

Reinforcement Steel
Grade of reinforcing steel f yk = Fe500

2.3 Site Specific Data

Wind Speed at Terrain location V terrain = 47 m/s

Seismic Zone = II Hence no need to check for seismic case
3.0 Loads
All the relevant loads applied in the model are calculated below. The loads calculated below are applied at nodal
points in the STAAD model. This is to ensure that the model behaves as truss.

3.1 Dead Load

Dead load of steel sections are applied using the SELFWEIGHT command with 15% increase for connections.

Sheet = 0.15 KN/m2 (Ref. IS:875 PART 1 - 1987)

2
Elect. Fixtures = 0.20 KN/m (Ref. IS:875 PART 1 - 1987)
2
Purlins = 0.20 KN/m (Ref. IS:875 PART 1 - 1987)
2
Total = 0.55 KN/m
T1
Contribution width = 2.12 m
0.55 x 2.12 = 1.17 KN/m
Reaction from cantilever
Cantilever length = 2.00 m
0.55 x 2.00 = 1.10 KN/m
Total Load on truss T1 = 2.27 KN/m

T2
Contribution width = 4.24 m
0.55 x 4.24 = 2.33 KN/m
Total Load on truss T2 = 2.33 KN/m *Applied as a Member load

3.2 Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL)

Load of Solar panel
Solar Panel Load = 0.25 KN/m2 (Ref. IS:875 PART 1 - 1987)

T1
Contribution width = 2.12 m
0.25 x 2.12 = 0.53 KN/m
Reaction from cantilever
Cantilever length = 2.00 m
0.25 x 2.00 = 0.50 KN/m
Total Load on truss T1 = 1.03 KN/m

T2
Contribution width = 4.24 m
0.25 x 4.24 = 1.06 KN/m
Total Load on truss T2 = 1.06 KN/m *Applied as a Member load
3.3 Live Load

Live Load = 0.75 KN/m2 (Table 2 of IS:875 PART2 1987)

As the roof slope is greater then 10 degree, then
Live Load = 0.75 - 0.020X(20-10)
= 0.55 KN/m2
= 0.55 x 2/3 (While design of Truss Live Load
can be taken as 2/3 as per
Cl. 4.5.1 IS:875 Part 2 1987)
2
= 0.367 KN/m
Minimum Live Load = 0.40 KN/m2 (Table 2 of IS:875 PART2 1987)

T1
Contribution width = 2.12 m
0.40 x 2.12 = 0.85 KN/m
Reaction from cantilever
Cantilever length = 2.00 m
0.40 x 2.00 = 0.80 KN/m
Total Load on truss T1 = 1.65 KN/m

T2
Contribution width = 4.24 m
0.40 x 4.24 = 1.70 KN/m
Total Load on truss T2 = 1.70 KN/m *Applied as a Member load

3.4 Wind Load

BASIC WIND FORCE CALCULATION

Height of the structure = 10.35 m (Above Ground level)
Basic wind Speed (Vb) = 47 m/s
Design wind speed (Vz) = K1 x K2 x K3 x K4 x Vb
Designed wind pressure (Pz) = 0.6 x (Vz)2
Terrain Category = Category_2
Design Life = 100 years (Important Building)
K1 (Risk Coefficient) = 1.07 ( Table 1 cl. 6.3.1 IS:875 Part 3 - 2015)
K2 (Terrain Height Factor) = 1.00 ( Table 2 cl. 6.3.2.2 IS:875 Part 3 - 2015)
K3 (Topography Factor) = 1 ( cl. 6.3.3 IS:875 Part 3 - 2015)
K4 (Cyclonic region importance Factor) = 1 ( cl. 6.3.4 IS:875 Part 3 - 2015)
Designed wind speed (Vz) = 1.07 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 47
Vz = 50.47 m/s
Designed wind pressure (Pz) = 0.6 x 50.47 x 50.47
 Pz = 1528 N/m2
Designed wind pressure Pz = 1.528 KN/m2

Design Pressure coefficients for roof

The wind load acting normal to a surface is obtained by multiplying the area of the structure or its appropriate
protion by the pressure coefficient and design wind pressure at the height of the surface from the ground.
The positive internal pressure will act towards the roof while negative internal pressure will be away from the
roof. As per table 18 (IS 875 Part 3 2015) External Pressure Coefficients for Curved Roofs shall be calculated.
Allowance for local effects shall be made in accordace with Table 6. Two values of C2 have been given for elevated
curved roofs. Both the load cases have to be anyzed, and critical load effects are to be considered in design.

External Pressure coefficients

Type of the structure if curved roof and local coefficient values taken from the table 18 as per IS 875 Part 3 2015.

Roof angle = 20⁰

Solidity Ratio (Ø) : The solidity ratio φ is equal to the area of obstructions under the canopy divided by the gross area
under the canopy, both areas normal to the wind direction. φ = 0 represents a canopy with no
obstructions underneath. φ = 1 represents the canopy fully blocked with contents to the downwind
eaves. Values of Cp for intermediate solidities may be linearly interpolated between these two
extremes, and applied upwind of the position of maximum blockage only. Downwind of the position
of maximum blockage the coefficients for φ = 0 may be used.
Ø = As (Area of Obstruction)
Ap (Gross area under canopy)

Ø = 0.934

Height of Ridge from Eave H = 7.10 m 0.7H = 4.97 m

Length of Roof Truss l = 41.25 m H/l = 0.172

C = -0.87
0.7H C2 C2 H C2 = 0.09

Curved Roof on Elevated Strcuture

Internal earth pressure coefficients: (As per IS 875 Part 3 2015 Clause 7.3.2.2)
Buildings with medium and large openings
Building with medium openings between about 5 to 20 percent of wall area shall be examined for an internal pressure
coefficient of +0.5 and later with an internal pressure coefficient of -0.5 and the analysis which produces greater distress of
the member shall be adopted.
+ve Cpi = +0.5
-ve Cpi = -0.5

Wind Load on individual member: Applied as member load

F = Cpe x A x Pz

For External pressure coefficients on Curved Roof

NORMAL TO THE RIDGE: ANGLE OF WIND 0⁰

SPAN Coefficient Pz F SIGN
Name of Truss
m Cpe KN/m 2
KN/m CONVENTION

T1 4.12 C= -0.37 1.53 -2.35

(-)ve sign denotes wind away

(+)ve sign denotes wind
T1 4.12 C= -1.37 1.53 -8.65

towards the structure

from the structure

T1 4.12 C2 = 0.59 1.53 3.69
T1 4.12 C 2 = -0.41 1.53 -2.61
T2 4.24 C= -0.37 1.53 -2.41
T2 4.24 C= -1.37 1.53 -8.90
T2 4.24 C2 = 0.59 1.53 3.80
T2 4.24 C 2 = -0.41 1.53 -2.69

External Pressure coefficient on walls of building

(Brick Claded porition)

Height/Width, h/w = 6.8 / 41.25

l = 39.45 m

= 0.165

Length/Width, l/w = 39.45 / 41.25

= 0.956

w= 41.25 m C

θ A B

D
Refer Table 5 of IS:875(Part-3)-2015 Internal pressure coefficients

Wind Angle θ Cpe Cpi = ±0.50

(degrees) A B C D
0 0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5
90 -0.5 -0.5 0.7 -0.2

If Cpi (+)ve, When, Wind Angle, θ = 0 o If Cpi (+)ve, When, Wind Angle, θ = 90 o

0.7 -0.5

0.5 0.5
-0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.7

-0.2 -0.5
If Cpi (-)ve, When, Wind Angle, θ = 0 o If Cpi (-)ve, When, Wind Angle, θ = 90 o

0.7 -0.5

-0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.7

-0.5 -0.5

-0.2
-0.5

Wind Load (+) Z-direction

Effective
Height Design pressure Pz Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient
(Cpe-Cpi)
(m) KN/m2 in m KN/m Convention

A 1 &11 0.20 6.80 1.53 2.14 0.66

(-)ve sign denotes wind away

Wind Angle, θ = 0 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 0.20 6.80 1.53 4.29 1.31

towards the structure

from the structure

Cpi (+)ve

B 1 &11 -0.70 6.80 1.53 2.14 -2.29

B 2 TO 10 -0.70 6.80 1.53 4.29 -4.59
C A&B -1.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 -5.05
C B, C, D -1.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 -10.10
D A&B -1.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 -5.05
D B, C, D -1.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 -10.10

Wind Load (-) Z-direction

Effective
Height Design pressure Pz Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient
(Cpe-Cpi)
(m) KN/m2 in m KN/m Convention

A 1 &11 -0.70 6.80 1.53 2.14 -2.29

(-)ve sign denotes wind away
Wind Angle, θ = 0 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 -0.70 6.80 1.53 4.29 -4.59

towards the structure

from the structure

Cpi (+)ve

B 1 &11 0.20 6.80 1.53 2.14 0.66

B 2 TO 10 0.20 6.80 1.53 4.29 1.31
C A&B -1.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 -5.05
C B, C, D -1.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 -10.10
D A&B -1.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 -5.05
D B, C, D -1.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 -10.10
Wind Load (+) X-direction
Effective Design pressure Pz
Height Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient 2
(m) KN/m in m KN/m Convention
(Cpe-Cpi)

A 1 &11 -1.00 6.80 1.53 2.14 -3.28

(-)ve sign denotes wind away

Wind Angle, θ = 90 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 -1.00 6.80 1.53 4.29 -6.56

towards the structure

from the structure

Cpi (+)ve

B 1 &11 -1.00 6.80 1.53 2.14 -3.28

B 2 TO 10 -1.00 6.80 1.53 4.29 -6.56
C A&B 0.20 6.80 1.53 3.30 1.01
C B, C, D 0.20 6.80 1.53 6.60 2.02
D A&B -0.70 6.80 1.53 3.30 -3.53
D B, C, D -0.70 6.80 1.53 6.60 -7.07

Wind Load (-) X-direction

Effective
Height Design pressure Pz Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient
(Cpe-Cpi)
(m) KN/m2 in m KN/m Convention

A 1 &11 -1.00 6.80 1.53 2.14 -3.28

(-)ve sign denotes wind away

Wind Angle, θ = 90 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 -1.00 6.80 1.53 4.29 -6.56

towards the structure

from the structure

Cpi (+)ve

B 1 &11 -1.00 6.80 1.53 2.14 -3.28

B 2 TO 10 -1.00 6.80 1.53 4.29 -6.56
C A&B -0.70 6.80 1.53 3.30 -3.53
C B, C, D -0.70 6.80 1.53 6.60 -7.07
D A&B 0.20 6.80 1.53 3.30 1.01
D B, C, D 0.20 6.80 1.53 6.60 2.02

Wind Load (+) Z-direction

Effective
Height Design pressure Pz Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient
(Cpe-Cpi)
(m) KN/m2 in m KN/m Convention

A 1 &11 1.20 6.80 1.53 2.14 3.93

(-)ve sign denotes wind away
Wind Angle, θ = 0 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 1.20 6.80 1.53 4.29 7.87

towards the structure

from the structure

Cpi (-)ve

B 1 &11 0.30 6.80 1.53 2.14 0.98

B 2 TO 10 0.30 6.80 1.53 4.29 1.97
C A&B 0.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 0.00
C B, C, D 0.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 0.00
D A&B 0.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 0.00
D B, C, D 0.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 0.00
Wind Load (-) Z-direction
Effective Design pressure Pz
Height Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient 2
(m) KN/m in m KN/m Convention
(Cpe-Cpi)

A 1 &11 0.30 6.80 1.53 2.14 0.98

Wind Angle, θ = 0 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 0.30 6.80 1.53 4.29 1.97

towards the structure

towards the structure

Cpi (-)ve

B 1 &11 1.20 6.80 1.53 2.14 3.93

B 2 TO 10 1.20 6.80 1.53 4.29 7.87
C A&B 0.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 0.00
C B, C, D 0.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 0.00
D A&B 0.00 6.80 1.53 3.30 0.00
D B, C, D 0.00 6.80 1.53 6.60 0.00

Wind Load (+) X-direction

Effective
Height Design pressure Pz Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient
(Cpe-Cpi)
(m) KN/m2 in m KN/m Convention

A 1 &11 0.00 6.80 1.53 2.14 0.00

Wind Angle, θ = 90 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 0.00 6.80 1.53 4.29 0.00

towards the structure

towards the structure

Cpi (-)ve

B 1 &11 0.50 6.80 1.53 2.14 1.64

B 2 TO 10 0.50 6.80 1.53 4.29 3.28
C A&B 1.20 6.80 1.53 3.30 6.06
C B, C, D 1.20 6.80 1.53 6.60 12.12
D A&B 0.30 6.80 1.53 3.30 1.51
D B, C, D 0.30 6.80 1.53 6.60 3.03

Wind Load (-) X-direction

Effective
Height Design pressure Pz Effective Width UDL on Column in Sign
Face Column coefficient
(Cpe-Cpi)
(m) KN/m2 in m KN/m Convention

A 1 &11 0.00 6.80 1.53 2.14 0.00

Wind Angle, θ = 90 o

(+)ve sign denotes wind

(+)ve sign denotes wind

A 2 TO 10 0.00 6.80 1.53 4.29 0.00

towards the structure

towards the structure

Cpi (-)ve

B 1 &11 0.50 6.80 1.53 2.14 1.64

B 2 TO 10 0.50 6.80 1.53 4.29 3.28
C A&B 0.50 6.80 1.53 3.30 2.52
C B, C, D 0.50 6.80 1.53 6.60 5.05
D A&B 1.20 6.80 1.53 3.30 6.06
D B, C, D 1.20 6.80 1.53 6.60 12.12
 4.0 Load Combination

DL = Dead Load WL +X = Wind Load +X direction

SIDL = Superimposed Dead Load WL -X = Wind Load -X direction
LL = Live Load WL +Z = Wind Load +Z direction
WL -Z = Wind Load -Z direction
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Load Case WL WL WL WL
WL -X WL -Z WL -X WL -Z
DL SIDL LL +X +Z +X - +Z -
+CPI +CPI -CPI -CPI
+CPI +CPI CPI CPI

Serviceability
100 1.0 1.0 - - - - - - - - -
101 1.0 1.0 - 1.0 - - - - - - -
102 1.0 1.0 - - 1.0 - - - - - -
103 1.0 1.0 - - - 1.0 - - - - -
104 1.0 1.0 - - - - 1.0 - - - -
105 1.0 1.0 - - - - - 1.0 - - -
106 1.0 1.0 - - - - - - 1.0 - -
107 1.0 1.0 - - - - - - - 1.0 -
108 1.0 1.0 - - - - - - - - 1.0
109 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 - - - - - - -
110 1.0 1.0 0.8 - 0.8 - - - - - -
111 1.0 1.0 0.8 - - 0.8 - - - - -
112 1.0 1.0 0.8 - - - 0.8 - - - -
113 1.0 1.0 0.8 - - - - 0.8 - - -
114 1.0 1.0 0.8 - - - - - 0.8 - -
115 1.0 1.0 0.8 - - - - - - 0.8 -
116 1.0 1.0 0.8 - - - - - - - 0.8
Strength
200 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 - - - - - - -
201 1.5 1.5 1.5 - 1.0 - - - - - -
202 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - 1.0 - - - - -
203 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - - 1.0 - - - -
204 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - - - 1.0 - - -
205 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - - - - 1.0 - -
206 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - - - - - 1.0 -
207 1.5 1.5 1.5 - - - - - - - 1.0
208 1.5 1.5 - 1.5 - - - - - - -
209 1.5 1.5 - - 1.5 - - - - - -
210 1.5 1.5 - - - 1.5 - - - - -
211 1.5 1.5 - - - - 1.5 - - - -
212 1.5 1.5 - - - - - 1.5 - - -
213 1.5 1.5 - - - - - - 1.5 - -
214 1.5 1.5 - - - - - - - 1.5 -
215 1.5 1.5 - - - - - - - - 1.5
216 0.9 0.9 - 1.5 - - - - - - -
217 0.9 0.9 - - 1.5 - - - - - -
218 0.9 0.9 - - - 1.5 - - - - -
219 0.9 0.9 - - - - 1.5 - - - -
220 0.9 0.9 - - - - - 1.5 - - -
221 0.9 0.9 - - - - - - 1.5 - -
222 0.9 0.9 - - - - - - - 1.5 -
223 0.9 0.9 - - - - - - - - 1.5
224 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - - - - - -
225 1.2 1.2 1.2 - 1.2 - - - - - -
226 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - 1.2 - - - - -
227 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - - 1.2 - - - -
228 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - - - 1.2 - - -
229 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - - - - 1.2 - -
230 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - - - - - 1.2 -
231 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - - - - - - 1.2