MAPPING AND

MAP OVERLAYS
By: Denna Jr., Danilo
Escorido, Mark
Menor, Raphy
01. DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

02. MAPPING ESSENTIALS

a. Brief History
b. Types and Uses
c. Qualities of Good Map

03. MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS IN LAND USE PLANNING

a. Importance of Maps and Mapping data in Land Use Planning
b. Procedure of Map Overlay Analysis
c. Limitations and Issues on Overlay Analysis in Land Use Planning

04. CASE EXAMPLE

TABLE OF
05. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
CONTENTS
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

Map

a reduced and simplified model of reality containing geographical information. Such model is
very useful because the real world is too big and too complex. It is easier to see spatial
patterns and structures if certain spatial characteristics are selected and made visible on a
smaller scale.

Map Overlay

a method used for analyzing mapped data whereby two or more thematic maps are put on top
of another to be able to delineate areas that meet a given set of criteria or conditions; also
known as overlay mapping technique. (CLUP Vol 2)
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
BRIEF HISTORY OF MAPS
EARLY MAPS MATH FOR MAPS MIDDLE AGES EARLY MODERN
(PRE-INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)

The Hereford Mappa Mundi, dated around

1300, Hereford Cathedral, England

Mercator’s world map produced in 1569

Ptolomy’s world map based on the
Clay tablet depicting the contents of Geographia,
Babylonian City of Nippur, 1400 BC
Map making continue to Maps are focused in
Many early maps were flourish in Greek and Roman religious aspects.
carved in hard surface. time.
Hereford Mappa Mundi is
Others were created in Ptolemy, published a the largest mediaeval map Ricci map, made in 1602 by Metteo Ricci,
Zhong Wentao and Li Zhizao for Emperor
delicate fabrics. scientific treatise titled in existence. The map is Wanli.
Geographia, or Geography, in circular and has Jerusalem
English in 150 AD. at its centre, as well as the Gerardus Mercator
garden of Eden placed in a produced a world map,
Ptolemy’s work continued to ring of fire at the top. using a projection to allow
contribute towards the the spherical earth to
development of maps well appear proportional on a flat
into the Renaissance era, a surface.
thousand years later.
notable map of the time was
the Kunyu Wanguo Quantu
or the Ricci Map
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
BRIEF HISTORY OF MAPS
MODERN PERIOD EARLY MODERN MAPS TODAY
(INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION) (POST-INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)

The early eras of digital cartography in meteorological satellites

the 1960’s. and multispectral
observation satellites
Top down photography from a hot air
balloon began to populate around
Earth

Data captured from these

satellites turns into maps

GPS navigation migrated

from standalone GPS
devices into applications
on a smartphone
of a messenger pigeon with a small camera
The early eras of digital cartography in Technology previously only
the 1960’s. Image credit: USGS
attached to its chest Technology previously only used in the military, like
mapmaking and used in the military, like GPS and remote sensing
experimental methods of cartography started GPS and remote sensing from satellites, are now
mapping were explored and incorporating the use of from satellites, are now publicly accessible via an
photography was invented. computers as an essential publicly accessible via an internet connection
tool. internet connection
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
TYPE OF MAPS

TYPE OF MAPS

GENERAL THEMATIC ANALYTICAL

shows complex of simple outline map shows the derived results
physical and cultural depicting one single on an analysis and
features feature or representing a synthesis of two or more
single theme or subject variable factors
according to the desired
output
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
GENERAL MAPS

BASE MAP
The base map shall serve as the working map where
the different land use categories of the whole
municipality/city shall be delineated. (CLUP vol 1)

PHYSICAL MAPS
Focus on the geography of the area and will often have
shaded relief to show the mountains and valleys.
Typical colors are used to show different elevations.

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
Use contour lines to show elevation changes and the
shape of the land. They are detailed and used for
activities like hiking and planning.
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
THEMATIC MAP

CHOROPLETH MAP- Uses a color progression in order

to show continuity or gradient change.
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
THEMATIC MAP

PROPORTIONAL SYMBOL MAPS - Shows differences in

absolute quantities through size differences. Symbols vary in
height, length, area or volume from place to place depending
on the variables that they represent.
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
THEMATIC MAP

CHOROCHROMATIC MAPS - Shows qualitative differences with

the use of color differences. Used for physical phenomena, like
soils, geology and vegetation.
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
THEMATIC MAP

DOT DISTRIBUTION MAP - Uses dots (variation of marks) to

display the presence or absence of a feature. One point is
assigned to represent a larger quantity.
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
THEMATIC MAP

ISOPLETH MAPS - More common for mapping surface elevation,

amounts of precipitation, atmospheric pressure, and numerous
other measurements that can be viewed statistically as third
dimension

maps generated from vetted crowdsourced accounts and field data

corresponding to the 12 January to early morning (about 4:00 a.m.) of 13 January
eruption of Taal Volcano
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
ANALYTICAL MAP

Analytical map is a type of map used primarily for the analysis of

geographical data. It involves the detailed examination and
interpretation of spatial information to uncover patterns,
relationships, and trends across geographic spaces
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
QUALITIES OF A GOOD MAP

Clarity and Legibility Source Note

Title Border

Scale Visual Hierarchy

Legend or Keys Accuracy and Detail

Date

The contents of the map should clearly relate to the purpose and
use of the maps.
MAPPING ESSENTIALS:
IMPORTANCE OF MAPS IN LAND USE PLANNING

VISUALIZATION OF LAND CHARACTERISTICS

SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND DECISION MAKING
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS IN LAND USE
PLANNING:
IMPORTANCE OF MAPPING DATA IN LAND USE PLANNING

FACILITATING DECISION MAKING

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS IN LAND USE
PLANNING:
IMPORTANCE OF MAPS AND MAPPING DATA IN LAND USE
PLANNING

Overlays of Mapping Data provide a comprehensive multi-disciplinary

understanding of spatial relationships between different features.

It allows for the identification of areas that meet specific criteria or are
suitable for specific purposes.

It helps in identifying patterns and trends that can inform decision-

making.

It can be used to create maps that are easy to understand and

communicate to stakeholders.
MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS IN LAND USE
PLANNING:
PROCEDURE OF MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS

DETERMINE ANALYZE
DATA
INPUTS OUTPUT
PREPARATION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ENSURE DATA
COMPATIBILITY PERFORM THE
OVERLAY VALIDATION
DEFINE THE
AND
PROBLEM
REFINEMENT

SOURCE: GIS-SERVICES:
MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS IN LAND USE
PLANNING:
LIMITATIONS AND ISSUES OF MAP OVERLAY ANALYSIS IN
LAND USE PLANNING

Overlay analysis relies heavily on the quality of data used. Poor data quality
Data Quality can lead to inaccurate results and unreliable conclusions.

Different layers used in overlay analysis may have different scales and
Scale and Resolution resolutions, which can lead to inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the results.

Assigning weights to different layers or using logical operators can be

Subjectivity subjective and may introduce bias into the analysis.

Overlay analysis can be complex and time-consuming, especially when dealing

Complexity with large amounts of data and multiple layers.
CASE EXAMPLE

Focus: How Quezon City utilized Map

Overlays as they generate their
CLUP.
 Land Use Patterns

CASE EXAMPLE
 Infrastructure Development

CASE EXAMPLE
CASE EXAMPLE
Hazard and
Vulnerability
Assessment

CASE EXAMPLE
 Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment

CASE EXAMPLE
CASE EXAMPLE
CASE EXAMPLE
 Land Use and Zoning Maps

CASE EXAMPLE
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Map Overlay / Overlay Mapping Technique is a method used for analyzing mapped data
whereby two or more thematic maps are put on top of another to be able to delineate areas
that meet a given set of criteria or conditions.

Classification of maps include General Maps, Thematic Maps, and Analytical Maps.

Mapping is the language of land use planning. Mapping and map overlay analysis begins in
the Step 4 of the CLUP Guideline Process in analyzing the situation of the planning area. It is
from these steps of CLUP process where descriptive narratives of the current situation are
translated to Thematic Maps; and through iterative process of overlaying such relevant
thematic maps, Analytical Maps are then generated that provide synthesize information for
decision-making process.

Through mapping and map overlays, a planner can conduct a thorough assessment of the
natural environment and associated physical characteristics of the planning area; and identify
the land use determinants that defines/influence the contraints and opportunities for the
planning area.
REFERENCES

HLURB (2007). CLUP GIS Guidebook: A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Data Management (1st Ed.).
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB).
Mapping Guidebook for Forest Land Use Planning- PEGP (EcoGov)
Quezon City Comprehensive Land-use Plan 2011-2025
https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/understanding-overlay-
analysis.htm
https://geographicbook.com/overlay-
analysis/#:~:text=Some%20of%20the%20most%20significant%20challenges%20of%20overlay,may%20int
roduce%20bias%20into%20the%20analysis.%20More%20items
Aber, J.S.,"Brief History of Maps and Cartography". 2008.
http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/map/h_map/h_map.htm
Thompson, Clive. "From Ptolemy to GPS, the Brief History of Maps". Smithsonian Magazine. July 2017.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/brief-history-maps-180963685/
https://about.soar.earth/blog-pages/the-evolution-of-maps-from-paper-to-soar-earth
THANK YOU!