Mastering Chain Rule

Derivita HW 12

Learning Objective

ü Use Chain Rule with Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient Derivative Rules
ü Use Chain Rule with Chain Rule
ü Optional: Use Algebraic Properties of Logarithms to simplify functions before differentiating to avoid Chain Rule

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Example 1 Find 𝑦′ given 𝑦 = ln(5𝑥 ! ) − 5 ln! 𝑥. Check that the graphs of your derivative and 𝑦′ are the same on Desmos.

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Example 2 Find 𝑦′ given 𝑦 = 𝑒 "#$ % sec ! 𝑥. Check that the graphs of your derivative and 𝑦′ are the same on Desmos.

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 #
!!"
Example 3 Find 𝑦′ given 𝑦 = . Check that the graphs of your derivative and 𝑦′ are the same on Desmos.
%$

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 Using Chain Rule Twice

If 𝑦 = 𝑓 1𝑔3ℎ(𝑥)56

Example 4: Differentiate 𝑦 = ln3cos √𝑥5 using chain rule twice.

Step 1: Express 𝑦 as a composition of three functions, 𝑦 = 𝑓 1𝑔3ℎ(𝑥)56

Step 2: Check your composition 𝑓 1𝑔3ℎ(𝑥)56 = 𝑦 ?

Step 3: Do your scratch work

ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) =

ℎ! (𝑥) = 𝑔! (𝑥) = 𝑓 ! (𝑥) =

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Step 4: Use Chain Rule twice.
Check that the graphs of your derivative and 𝑦′ are the same on Desmos, up to domain restrictions.

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You Try #1 Find 𝑦′ given 𝑦 = ln(√𝑥 & − 9) .
Check that the graphs of your derivative and 𝑦′ are the same on Desmos, up to domain restrictions.

You Try #2 Find 𝑦′ given 𝑦 = tan' (8𝑥).

Check that the graphs of your derivative and 𝑦′ are the same on Desmos, up to domain restrictions.

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Answer to You Try #1

1 1
𝑦( = ∙ ∙ 4𝑥 '
√𝑥 & − 9 2√𝑥 & − 9

2𝑥 '
𝑦( =
𝑥& − 9

Answer to You Try #2

𝑦 ( = 3(tan 8𝑥)! ∙ (sec 8𝑥)! ∙ 8

𝑦 ( = 24 tan! 8𝑥 ∙ sec ! 8𝑥

Practice Test Questions (Answers on the back)

Differentiate each function.

$
1. 𝑦 = cos(8𝑥 ! ) + 𝑒 )% − ln(8𝑥 ! )

2. Distinguish between product and chain rule

a. 𝑦 = sec(tan 𝑥)

b. 𝑦 = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥

3. Distinguish between product and chain rule

a. 𝑦 = 5% 𝑒 %
"
b. 𝑦 = 5*

4. 𝑦 = sin(4𝑥 ' )ln(4𝑥 ' )

+,"(!% % .%/0)
5. 𝑦 = 2$ %

6. 𝑦 = csc(𝑒 3% )

7. 𝑦 = sin4 (8𝑥 ! + 5)

#)
8. 𝑦 = 𝑒 56$(%

9. 𝑦 = Ecos(4𝑥)

10. 𝑦 = log(sin √𝑒 % )

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Answers

$ 0
1. 𝑦 ( (𝑥) = − sin(8𝑥 ! ) ∙ 16𝑥 + 𝑒 )% ∙ 16𝑥 − )% $ ∙ 16𝑥

$ !
𝑦 ( = 16𝑥𝑒 )% − 16𝑥 sin(8𝑥 ! ) −
%

2. a. Using Chain Rule: 𝑦 ( = sec(tan 𝑥) ∙ tan(tan 𝑥) ∙ sec ! 𝑥

b. Using Product Rule: 𝑦 ( = sec 𝑥 ∙ sec ! 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 ∙ sec 𝑥 ∙ tan 𝑥

𝑦 ( = sec ' 𝑥 + tan! 𝑥 ∙ sec 𝑥

3. a. Using Product Rule: 𝑦 ( = 5% ∙ 𝑒 % + 𝑒 % ∙ 5% ∙ ln 5

𝑦 ( = 5% 𝑒 % (1 + ln 5)
"
b. Using Chain Rule: 𝑦 ( = 5* ∙ ln 5 ∙ 𝑒 %

0
4. Using product and chain rule: 𝑦 ( = sin(4𝑥 ' ) ∙ &% # ∙ 12𝑥 ! + ln(4𝑥 ' ) ∙ cos(4𝑥 ' ) ∙ 12𝑥 !

3
𝑦( = sin(4𝑥 ' ) + 12𝑥 ! ln(4𝑥 ' ) cos(4𝑥 ' )
𝑥

'
/2$ % ∙+5+$ 9!% % .%/0:∙90;% & .0:/+,"9!% % .%.0:∙
(
5. Using quotient rule with chain rule: 𝑦 = 2$$ %
"

6. Using chain rule twice: 𝑦 ( = − csc(𝑒 3% ) ∙ cot(𝑒 3% ) ∙ 𝑒 3% ∙ 6

7. Using chain rule twice: 𝑦′ = 5(sin(8𝑥 ! + 5))& ∙ cos(8𝑥 ! + 5) ∙ (16𝑥)

#
8. Using chain rule twice: 𝑦′ = 𝑒 56$ % ∙ cos 𝑥 ' ∙ 3𝑥 !

0
9. Using chain rule twice: 𝑦 ( = !√+,5 &% ∙ (− sin 4𝑥) ∙ 4

0 0
10. Using chain rule three times: 𝑦′ = ∙ cos √𝑒 % ∙ ∙ 𝑒%
2$ 0; ∙56$ √* " !√* "

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 Optional: Algebraic Properties of Logarithms (These are not derivative rules.)

Sometimes it is useful to use algebraic properties of logarithms BEFORE differentiating.

Product Property ln(𝑎 ∙ 𝑏) = ln 𝑎 + ln 𝑏

=
Quotient Property ln 1> 6 = ln 𝑎 − ln 𝑏

Power Property ln 𝑎𝑛 = ln(𝑎? ) = 𝑛 ∙ ln 𝑎

Mistake: It is easy to make this algebra mistake.

(ln 𝑎)? ≠ 𝑛 ∙ ln 𝑎

!
This is why we express exponents this way ln𝑥 ∙ ln 𝑥 = (ln 𝑥) = ln2 𝑥

0
1. Differentiate 𝑦 = ln 1% & 6 three ways:

0
a. Simplify 𝑦 = ln 1% &6 using the algebraic quotient property of logarithms before differentiating.

0
b. Simplify 𝑦 = ln 1% &6 using the algebraic power property of logarithms before differentiating.

0
c. Differentiate 𝑦 = ln 1% & 6 directly using Chain rule.

2. Differentiate 𝑦 = ln √𝑥 two ways:

a. Simplify 𝑦 = ln √𝑥 using the algebraic power property of logarithms first. Then differentiate.

b. Differentiate 𝑦 = ln √𝑥 directly using chain rule.

3. Differentiate 𝑦 = √ln 𝑥 using chain rule. (Note: you cannot use a property of logarithms first here.)

4. Differentiate 𝑦 = ln(𝑒 56$ % ) two ways:

a. Simplify 𝑦 = ln(𝑒 56$ % ) using the algebraic power property of logarithms first. Then differentiate.

b. Differentiate 𝑦 = ln(𝑒 56$ % ) directly using chain rule twice.

5. Differentiate 𝑦 = ln3√ 𝑥 & − 9 5 using the algebraic power property of logarithms before differentiating. Confirm
you got the same answer as you did in You Try #1.

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Answers to optional problems:

0
1. a. 𝑦 = ln 1 &6 = ln 1 − ln 𝑥 & = 0 − ln 𝑥 & = − ln 𝑥 &
%
1 4
𝑦 ( = − & ∙ 4𝑥 ' = −
𝑥 𝑥

b. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 /& ) = −4 ∙ ln 𝑥
&
𝑦( = − %

1
𝐜. 𝑦 ( = ∙ (−4𝑥 /4 )
1
𝑥&

𝑦 ( = −4 ∙ 𝑥 & ∙ 𝑥 /4

4
𝑦( = −
𝑥

0
2. a. 𝑦 = ! ln 𝑥

0
𝑦 ( = !%

0 0 0
b. 𝑦 ( = ∙ !√% = !%
√%

0
3. 𝑦 ( = !%√2$ %

4. a. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥

𝑦 ( = cos 𝑥

0
b. 𝑦 ( = * ()* " ∙ 𝑒 56$ % ∙ cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑥

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