● Science, technology and ● Technology as human cultural

Society (STS), also referred to activities or endeavors

as science and technology ● Technology as a social enterprise
studies, is the study of how ● Technology as modern
social, political, and cultural technology based on the
values affect scientific research advances of science
and technological innovation, and
how these, in turn, affect society. “Some of the Notable Human
Successes in the field of Science and
● It is also refers to the interaction technology”
between science and technology Wheel - the concept of inventing the
and social cultural, political and wheel came during 3500 B.C. Humans
economic contexts which shape were severely limited in how much stuff
and are shaped by them. they could transport overland, and how
far. People then invented the wheel and
Meaning of Science axle which is the concept of making
● Systematized body of knowledge wheels.
● Using scientific method
● A social enterprise: people, Compass - The Chinese invented the
knowledge, skills, facilities, first compass sometime between 9th
apparatuses, and technologies and 11th century; it was made of
● Leads to formation of concepts, lodestone , a naturally-magnetized iron
methods, principles, theories, ore, the attractive properties of which
law, and procedures which seek they had been studying for centuries.
to describe and explain nature
and its phenomena Printing Press - It was Johannes
Gutenberg, a German who invented the
Science and Technology - is all about printing press around 1440. He was the
everything around us. It means that it first to have created a mechanized
includes scientific ideas, research, process that transferred the ink (which
experiments and computations that can he made from linseed oil and soot) from
create technologies. the movable type to paper.

● It goes hand in hand in every Internal Combustion Engine - In

single thing that we do. these engines, the combustion of fuel
releases a high-temperature gas, which,
Meaning Of Technology as it expands applies force to a piston,
● Technology as material products moving it. The engine steered in the
● Technology as the application of Industrial Age.
knowledge Penicillin - In 1928, the Scottish
scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a
bacteria-filled Petri dish in his laboratory
and the sample had contaminated with a Disadvantages and Ethical dilemmas
mold. And that antibiotic mold turned out of Science and Technology
to be the fungus Penicillium. Penicillin ● Threats to human survival
was being mass produced and ● Ethical dilemmas
advertised by 1944. ● Disparities in Human well being
● Social and cultural conflicts
Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell ● Innovating technologies can have
was the first to be awarded a patent for negative consequences for
the electric telephone I 1876. certain sectors or constituencies:
1. include pollution associated with
Internet - It is the global system of production processes,
interconnected computer networks used
by billions of people worldwide. In the 2. increased unemployment from
1960s, a team of computer scientist labor-saving new technologies
working for the U.S. Defense 3. conversion of agricultural land
Department’s ARPA (Advanced into urban areas
Research Projects Agency) built a
communication network to connect the 4. effect on humans psychologically
computers in the agency, called and emotionally – the usage
ARPANET. and addiction of new gadgets

Arpanet - It used a method of data 5. effect of overused technologies in

transmission called “packet switching”. It medical industry that can
was the predecessor of the Internet that cause fatal births and
eventually emerged to become the diseases
“Information Superhighway”
6. global warming
Eco-Friendly Technologies/
Advantages
● These are sustainable
technologies. This technology
utilizes resources from the *EVIDENCE OF SCIENCE &
environment without causing TECHNOLOGY DURING PRE-
negative effects to it. Some of HISTORIC TIMES
these are:
Solar energy – use of solar panels to THE DAWN OF THE FIRST
provide electricity CIVILIZATION
Geothermal energy
Wind power – windmills as source of ● Ancient humans were able to
energy discover and invent tools and
 methods as science developed 2. Mesolithic Period (Middle) –
and progressed. a. includes points to make spears
● Man existed long before the b. Stone awls to perforate hides and
written word. No historical scrapers
evidence of how people lived c. needles and threads, skin
because written words of any clothing, harpoon, fishing
kind dated only in 5,000 BC. equipment
● Discovery of mud plaster that led
to pottery and mud brick houses. 3. Neolithic Period (New)-
● first known pottery was in Japan a. characterized by herding
around 10,000 B.C. societies,
b. bronze smelting,
-Categories of man’s achievements in c. adoption of agriculture, shift from
science: food gathering to food producing
a. Discovery –recognition and d. development of pottery using
observation of new objects sediments and clay
b. Invention –mental process e. animals were raised
wherein man’s various f. Consumed wild cereal grains
discoveries, observation and
experience are put together to Periods In Stone Age
produce new ways ● The first humans lived during the
(operation)and means (tools) of Stone Age, when people made
obtaining things (useful) tools mainly from stone.
● Paleolithic Era
PERIODS IN STONE AGE ● 2.5 million to 10,000 years ago
1.Paleolithic Period (Early ● Stone Age people lived as
2. Mesolithic Period (Middle) nomads
3. Neolithic Period (New) ● Sheltered under rock overhangs
or in caves
Paleolithic Period (Early)-pebble tool ● Hunter-gatherers
traditions, bi-facial tool, or hand axe-
traditions, flake tool traditions , and LIFE IN THE STONE AGE
blade tool traditions STONE AGE
● making of oldest stone tools -THE PERIOD OF PREHISTORY THAT
(Oldowan toolkit) consists of BEGINS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT
a. hammer stones OF STONE TOOLS
b. stone cores
c. sharp stone flakes - STONE AGE INTO TWO ERAS:
● making of Acheulean toolkit 1) PALEOLITHIC AGE
(large cutting tools like hand-axes 2) NEOLITHIC AGE
 ● EARLY HUMANS DEVELOPED
TECHNOLOGY STONE AGE TOOLS
● EARLY HOMINIDS DEVELOPED
INTO HOMO SAPIENS
● DEVELOPED MORE
SPECIALIZED TOOLS AND
SPOKEN LANGUAGE
APPEARED IN ORDER TO
HUNT EASIER
● APPEARANCE OF CAVE
DRAWINGS THAT DEPICTED
THE EVENTS OF
PREHISTORIC LIFE
● THESE DRAWINGS HAVE STONE AGE
HELPED ANTHROPOLOGISTS ● As prehistoric people developed
LEARN MORE ABOUT more sophisticated tools, the
PREHISTORIC LIFE Paleolithic Era gave way to the
Neolithic Era.
TECHNOLOGY
● First tools: crude chipped stones Paleolithic Tools
● Later tools: wood and bone ● Stones chipped to make points
● Spears for hunting ● Wood and bone tools
● Nets and traps for fish and birds ● Nets from plant fibers and animal
● Canoes from logs sinew
● Clothing from animal skins
● Shelters from skins, wood, bones NEOLITHIC AGE
● Polished stones to make points
FLINT HAND AXE ● More specialized tools:
-chisels
-drills
-saws

ART AND RELIGION

● Societies began to form
● Common culture
- language
- art
- religion
● Animism- Belief in life after
death
 ● During this period in the
development of technology is
when metals were first used
regularly in the manufacture of
tools and weapons.

BRONZE AGE IRON AGE

● beginning of mining and ● adoption of iron smelting
metallurgy technology (ferrous metallurgy
● metal was used, smelting of from carbon steel)
copper, alloying with tin or ● iron were stronger and cheaper
arsenic to make tools and to make than bronze equivalents
weapons ● iron farming tools such as sickles
● man-made tin bronze was and plough tips made farming
introduced (harder & more more efficient
durable) ● development of coin system.
● a time of extensive use of metals IRON AGE TOOL
and of developing trade networks

BRONZE AGE TOOL

“Man learns to make FIRE!!!

They were probably a bit startled when
they saw what they had created, little
knowing that the invention of fire would
change life dramatically!
● The Stone Age developed into
“False history gets made all day, any
the Bronze Age after radical
day, the truth of the news is never on
changes in agricultural
the news.” -Adrienne Rich
technology which included:
- development of agriculture
(people began to grow crops),
*ANCIENT TIMES
- animal domestication (people
began to raise animals),
FIRST CIVILIZATION
- and the adoption of permanent
● It emerged along fertile river
settlements (people began to
valleys in
stay in one area).
A. Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates)
 B. Egypt (Nile) d. Sailboat
C. China (Huang Ho valley) ● first invented by Ancient
D. India Mesopotamia
● Developed unique way of life, ● needed water transportation for
religion, form of government, travel and trade
language, agriculture, medicine, e. Among the First Astronomers
mathematics, engineering, and ● mapping the movement of stars,
architecture planets, and moon into sets of
SUMERIAN Civilization constellations survived into
(Sumer, Mesopotamia (Iraq/Kuwait) zodiac
● The cradle of the world’s earliest f. Sexagesimal system of counting in
known civilization units of 60
● First established in the region in ● served as the basis of 360-
about 3600 BC degree circle and 60 minute hour
● “First cities in the world” g. Foundation of logic mathematics,
● Transformed families intro tribes engineering, architecture, etc.
that occupied territories-cities- h. Technique in farming seed plow
states and irrigation
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY i. Wool from sheep made into textiles
DEVELOPMENT
a. Cuneiform BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION (IRAQ)
● first writing systems Babylonia-first capital, commercial and
● set of word pictures depicted in religious center in the Tigris-Euphrates
symbols made of triangular valley
marks
● basis are pictograms/drawings a. Hammurabi –1st leader of the
representing actual things old Babylonian empire
b. Sumerian clay tablet ● promulgated the famous law
● contains historical information code which served as the rule
and culture and standards to have a period of
● began as record keeping for stability in the region
trade b. Nebuchadnezzar II
● evolved into the use of symbols ● New Babylonian Emperor who
for writing down laws and stories ordered the “hanging garden of
c. Concept of the wheel Babylons” and the Isthar Gate
● grew out of mechanical device
● a heavy flat disk made of
hardened clay splattered wheel
● a means of practical method for
moving heavy objects from one
location to another
 ● interest in astronomy was
focused on stars
● pyramid, papyrus, hieroglyphics -
Giza Necropolis-oldest of the
ancient wonders, still in existence
● engaged in ship building, planted
wheat, barley, bread, ducks, pigs
c. Development of Irrigation system
etc., manufactures perfumes,
of canals, multiplication tables, and
soaps, oils, and eye make-up
calculation using geometry
● Hieroglyphics - Greek name for
d. Made accurate predictions of
the Egyptian system of writing
astronomical phenomena such as solar
developed around 3,000 B.C.
and lunar eclipses
Literally means “priest-carvings”
or “sacred writings”. Used both
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
pictures and symbols to
● situated in the northeastern part
represent words. First carved in
of the African continent
stone, hieroglyphics were later
● Egypt is located along the Nile
commonly written on papyrus
River with a fertile delta
scrolls.
● They were among the first to
● Papyrus – Reeds which grew in
extract gold by large-scale mining
the marshy Nile delta which the
using fire-setting, and the first
Egyptians used to create a paper
recognizable map. Egyptian
writing surface.
paper, made from papyrus, and
pottery was mass produced and
exported throughout the
Mediterranean basin.

● learned to heat metal ore

(copper, gold, bronze)and made
weapons and utensils
● their writing was in the form of
pictorial symbols known as
hieroglyphics
● master the art of embalming their
dead.
● created the 365-day calendar
based on the phases of the moon
Pyramid – Immense Egyptian
by IMHOTEP, divided the day
structures built to serve as a final resting
into 24 hours
place for the Pharaohs and their Cuneiform - Literally means “wedge
families.(“mountain of God”) shaped”. Name for the system of
Mummification - A process of slowly writing invented and used by the
drying a dead body to prevent it from Sumerians. Cuneiform was used
rotting. The process was commonly primary for record keeping.
used in Egypt for Pharaohs and
members of the royal family to prepare ● OBELISK-tall, four-sided, narrow
them for the afterlife. tapering monument which ends in
a pyramid-like shape at the top.
IV. CRETAN (MINOAN) CIVILIZATION ● SUNDIAL- shadow clock used by
● Located between Turkey, Egypt, Egyptian, tell time by means of
and Greece the shadow casted by the object
● the first link to in the European as reflected by the sun
chain ● GNOMON- a shadow producing
● Aegean Bronze Age civilization device
(with palaces) ruled by King
Minos
● Minoans were a mercantile
people engaged in overseas
trade-tin, alloyed with copper
● Made sophisticated carved
status, ceramics, and jewels
● Raised cattles sheep, and goats
and grew wheat, barley, etc.
● Developed Mediterranean
polyculture
(growing more than one crop at a
time)
● 50 years later, civilization was
wiped out because of violent
earthquakes and fires
● Theran Eruption –one of the
largest in human history
● Palaces and towns were
deserted
● CLAY TABLETS-used as a
writing medium