MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

MOTION IN A
STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

MOTION IN A
STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
WHAT IS A PARTICLE?
“PARTICLE” is an object which has a negligible dimension.
 A “PARTICLE”

WHAT IS A RIGID BODY?

 RIGID BODY: It is a combination of particles and when an

external force is applied there will be no change in its dimensions.
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Are you a PARTICLE
OR
RIGID BODY?

As relative distance is less, you are considered to be a

BODY
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MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
i.e
As relative distance is large,
person appears as a
PARTICLE & RIGID
BODY

RELATIVE TERMS.
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REST & MOTION
WHAT IS REST?

TV AT REST… FAN AT REST…..

 If a body does not change its position with respect to surroundings, then
the body is said to be at rest.
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WHAT IS MOTION?

MOVING BLADES OF A FAN

MOVING CAR

CHANGES THE POSITION WITH RESPECT TO TIME

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ARE THE PASSENGERS IN THE BUS AT REST OR IN MOTION?
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 PASSENGERS IN THE BUS ARE AT REST RELATIVE TO
EACH OTHER……
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 PASSENGERS IN THE BUS ARE IN MOTION RELATIVE TO
PEOPLE AT BUS STOP
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MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
 A WHAT
body is IS
said to be at rest when there is no change of position with
REST?
respect to time.
 Motion
WHATisIS
change of position with respect to time.
MOTION?

 The branch of mechanics that deals with the study of motion of

objects without any reference to the cause of motion is called
kinematics.

 A system of coordinate axis with respect to which an event can be

described is called frame of reference.
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REST & MOTION ARE RELATIVE TERMS
 Motion of an object is always with respect to some frame of
reference.

One frame of
Another frame of reference
reference
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Let us see how the states of motion and rest are related….

 Rest and motion are relative terms. They are not absolute. A body
can be at rest or in motion with respect to reference frame.

 There is no frame of reference which is perfectly at rest.

 A man in a moving train is at rest with respect to a co-passenger,

but he is in motion with respect to a man outside the train.
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1) A particle is an object having negligible ...

a) units
b) dimensions
c) magnitude

d) directions
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2) Rigid body is a combination of particles and when external force is
applied there will be no change in its...

a) magnitude
b) dimensions
c) magnitude and direction
d) direction alone
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3) Rest and motion are ___ terms.

a) absolute
b) not absolute
c) relative
d) both (b) and (c)
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MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
 CRAWLING ANTS

THIS
WHAT ISTYPE
MOTION
OF IN A
STRAIGHT
MOTION ISLINE.
THIS?
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 COCKROACH MOVING ON A FLOOR

WHAT
THIS ISTYPE
MOTION
OF IN
MOTION
A PLANE.IS IT?
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 FLYING HONEY BEE
THISWHAT
IS MOTION
TYPE OF
IN A MOTION
SPACE. IS IT?
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MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
Motion in one dimension
TYPES OF MOTION

 Motion in a straight line

Motion in two dimensions

 Motion in a plane..

Motion in three dimensions

 Motion in a space…..
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1. How many types of motions are there?

a) Two
b) Four
c) Three

d) One
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2. Motion in one dimension is also called ...

a) motion in space
b) motion in a plane
c) motion in a straight line

d) motion under gravity

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MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

Recti + Linear

Straight + Line

 Motion along a straight line is called

Rectilinear motion

Ex: The motion of a car on a road.

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Rectilinear motion need not

be one dimensional
Rectilinear motion can
necessarily.
be any straight line in
any direction

But, it is always
possible that rectilinear
motion be treated as one
dimensional motion
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y
4
3
2
1
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 x
-1
-2
-3
-4

 Rotation of coordinate system does not

change the rectilinear motion of the car.
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SCALAR QUANTITY
 Quantity with magnitude alone and no direction

 Example: Path length, speed

VECTOR QUANTITY

 Quantity with both magnitude and direction follows laws of vector

addition.

 Example: Displacement, velocity.

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PATH LENGTH AND DISPLACEMENT
Path length: Total distance travelled by an object from initial to final
position.
Displacement: Shortest distance between initial and final position.

HOME COLLEGE

Path length=DHC+DCM

Displacement=DHM
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 MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
PATH LENGTH = DISPLACEMENT

Initial position Final position

Path length = DHM

Displacement = DHM
 Path length = displacement
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Path length≠0
But displacement=0

Initial position Final position

Path length=DHM+DMH
Displacement=0
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 The magnitude of displacement may or may not be equal to the path

length travelled by an object.

 The magnitude of the displacement for a complete motion may be

zero but the corresponding path length is not zero.
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1. Correct statement among the following is...

1) When displacement is zero, distance travelled is not zero.

2) When displacement is zero, distance travelled is also zero.
3) When distance is zero, displacement is not zero.
4) Distance travelled and displacement are always equal.
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2. The numerical ratio of displacement to distance is...
1) always less than 1

2) always greater than 1

3) always equal to 1

4) may be less than 1 or equal to 1

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3. The total distance travelled by an object from initial to final position is
known as ...

a) speed
b) path length
c) displacement

d) distance
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MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
What is uniform motion?

If an object is moving along a straight line covers equal distance at

equal intervals of time, however small the time interval may be, it is said
to be in uniform motion along a straight line.
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SPEED: Rate at which an object covers distance

 Scalar quantity
Path length
Speed =
Time taken

VELOCITY: Rate at which an object changes its position in a given

direction.

 Vector quantity
Displacement
Velocity =
Time taken
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Example: Speed and velocity

Initial position Final position

During total journey

Let DHM = 2km, Time (T) = 1 hr

Path length=DHM+DMH
= 2+2 = 4 km
Displacement = 0
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Path length
Speed =
Time taken

Displacement
Velocity =
Time taken
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1. Speed is a ___quantity.
a) scalar
b) vector
c) neither scalar nor vector
d) both scalar and vector
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2. Velocity is a ___ quantity
a) scalar
b) vector
c) neither scalar nor vector
d) both scalar and vector
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Thank you…