Scribd
Upload
10 views

CP 001

bdhiya bdhiya bjdyuaik

Uploaded by

surajtejra1921
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

CP 001

bdhiya bdhiya bjdyuaik

Uploaded by

surajtejra1921
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

INTRODUCTION

• What is digital clock ?

A digital clock, as opposed to an analog clock, shows the time digitally (in
numbers or other symbols). In this tutorial, we will develop a digital clock using
C++.
Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++ in 1979 while working at Bell Labs. With its mix
of high and low-level language characteristics, C++ is regarded as a medium
language.
…..PROGRAM…..
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <windows.h> // For sleep() function
using namespace std;
int main() {
while (true) {
// Get current time
time_t now = time(0);
tm* localTime = localtime(&now);
// Extract and format hours, minutes, and seconds
int hours = localTime->tm_hour;
string amPm = "AM";
if (hours >= 12) {
hours -= 12;
amPm = "PM";
}
int minutes = localTime->tm_min;
int seconds = localTime->tm_sec;
// Format and display time
cout << hours << ":" << setfill('0') << setw(2) << minutes << ":" << setw(2) << seconds <<
" " << amPm << endl;
// Pause for one second
Sleep(1000); // Windows-specific function for pausing
// For cross-platform compatibility, consider using chrono library features
}

return 0;
}
CODE EXPLANATION:

1. Include necessary headers:


iostream for input/output operations (like cout)
ctime for time-related functions
thread and chrono for cross-platform pausing

2. Infinite loop:
The while (true) loop ensures continuous time updates.

3. Retrieve current time:


time(0) gets the current time in seconds since the Epoch.
localtime(&now) converts it to a tm structure for local time.
4. Extract and format time components:
localTime->tm_hour, localTime->tm_min, localTime->tm_sec extract hours,
minutes, and seconds.
Adjust hours for 12-hour format and set amPm accordingly.
Use setfill() and setw() for consistent formatting with leading zeros.

5. Display time:
cout prints the formatted time to the console.

6. Pause for one second (cross-platform):

this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(1)) pauses execution for a


second, working on various platforms.
7. Conditional Statements (optional):

if...else: Used for tasks like converting 24-hour time to 12-hour time with
AM/PM.

8. Data Structures (optional):

tm: Structure that holds time components like hours, minutes, seconds,
etc.

9. Compiler and Execution:

A C++ compiler is needed to compile the code into an executable program.


The executable is then run to display the digital clock.
OUTPUT :
Key C++ concepts involved:

• Headers and libraries: iostream for input/output, ctime for time-related functions.
• Variables and data types: int for numbers, string for text, tm structure for time
components.
• Time-related functions: time(0) to get the current time, localtime(&now) to
convert to local time.
• Input/output operations: cout to display text on the console.
• Loops: while(true) for continuous time updates.
• Formatting output: setfill('0') and setw(2) for leading zeros and consistent
formatting.
• Pausing execution: this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::seconds(1)) to pause for one
second.
Additional features often included:
1. GUI elements: For visually appealing clock displays.
2. Customizable appearance: To personalize the clock's look and feel.
3. Alarms and reminders: To schedule tasks or events.
4. Different time zones: To display time in various regions.

Conclusion :
• Building a digital clock in C++ is a valuable exercise for beginners, reinforcing core
programming concepts while creating a practical application.
• Its adaptable nature encourages exploration of advanced features, promoting further
learning and creativity in C++ development.

You might also like