11/13/24, 3:40 PM 50+ AWS Interview Questions and Answers (2024)

AWS Interview Questions

Last Updated : 15 Oct, 2024

Amazon Web Services (AWS) stands as the leading cloud service

provider globally, offering a wide array of cloud computing services. It's
the preferred choice for top companies like Netflix, Airbnb, Spotify, and
many more due to its scalability, reliability, and extensive feature set.
AWS was started in 2006 with 3 types of services such as storage,
computing, and messaging. After, it enhanced its network by providing
all the required services based on the market trends.

Here, we'll cover the 50+ AWS Interview Questions and Answers that
are suitable for both freshers and Experienced professionals. This
resource aims to provide you with the knowledge necessary to excel in
AWS interviews, covering a broad spectrum of AWS concepts including
computing, storage, networking, security, databases, serverless
computing, and more.

Table of Content
Basic AWS Interview Questions
Intermediate AWS Interview Questions
Advanced AWS Interview Questions
Scenario Based AWS Interview Questions

Basic AWS Interview Questions

1. What Is AWS And Why Is It So Popular?

Amazon Web Services (AWS), is an important cloud computing

platform known for its wide service offerings. Its popularity is developed
through
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2. Explain The Key Components Of AWS.

AWS provides the fundamental components crucial for cloud computing

such as EC2 provides scalable computing capabilities, S3 offers storage
for all kinds of files, RDS manages many kinds of databases, and IAM
ensures secured access through addressing Authentication and
Authorization. These components collectively empower the users to
create and deploy various applications seamlessly.

3. What Is An EC2 Instance And How Does It Work?

An EC2 instance stands for Elastic Cloud Compute service, It is a virtual

server in the cloud. When we launch this, it will run the selected
operating system with a specified application stack. For instance, you
can deploy a web server or a database in this EC2 service. It can also be
configured for specific computing needs, making it a flexible and
scalable solution.

4. Describe The Difference Between S3 And EBS In AWS.

S3 ( Simple Storage Service ) is an object storage service suitable for

storing various data types of files that can accessed through the
internet. In contrast, EBS ( Elastic Block storage ) is a block-level
storage attached to EC2 instances, offering persistent and high-
performance storage for applications like databases. EBS provides the
raw storage hardware helpful for I/O operations where as S3 comes
with pre configured file system. For understaning think of S3 as a file
storage system and EBS as a hard drive.

5. How Does Auto Scaling Work In AWS?

Auto Scaling is an aws service that provides dynamically adjusts, on

running the number of EC2 instances based on traffic demand. For
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instance, during the high traffic periods, Auto Scaling adds instances ,
improving optimal performance as per the policies configuration.

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Conversely, while during low traffic, it will reduce the number of

instances , optimizes the cost efficiency maintaining high availability.

6. What Is The AWS Free Tier, And What Services Are Included?

The AWS Free Tier provides a set of AWS services for limited at no cost
for the duration of 12 months. The services include EC2, S3, Lambda
etc.. This helps the users to explore and experiment with AWS services
without suffering with charges and helps in making a kick starting point
for cloud beginners.

7. What Is Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) And How Does It Function?

Elastic Load balancer ( ELB ) is a service provided by AWS that helps in

distribution of incoming traffic of the applications across multi targets
such as EC2 instances, containers etc.. in one or more Availability zones.
It helps in improving fault tolerance and ensuring the utilization of
resources, bringing high availability of the application by preventing a
single node ( instance ) faulterance by improving application's resilience.

8. How Is Data Transfer Handled In AWS?

The data transfer in AWS happens in between regions, within regions,

and between the services. It is essential to consider that these data
transfer comes with costs when designing the architectures. For
example, transfer of the data between an EC2 instance and an S3
bucket within the same region is often free, but the transfer of data in
between inter-region comes with charges.

9. What Is Amazon RDS, And What Database Engines Does It

Support?

Amazon RDS ( Relational Database system) is a managed relational

database service that deals with essential hardware infrastructure of
Amazon.
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software patching, and scaling. It helps the developers to focus on logic

of the application rather than focusing on infrastructure setup and
management.

10. Explain The Concept Of AWS Identity And Access Management

(IAM).

IAM stands for Identity Access Management, a security AWS service

that provides Authentication and Authorization to AWS services and
resources. It involves in creating users, assigning permissions through
policies, and then setting up the multi-factor authentication. For
example, IAM will grant read-only access for specific users to the S3
buckets or full administrative access to EC2 instances.

11. What Is Amazon VPC And How Does It Help In Securing Your
Resources?

Amazon VPC ( Virutal Private Cloud ) is an AWS service that helps the
users to create isolated networks within AWS account through
customizing IP address ranges and the defining their subnets. It helps in
enhancing the security through controlling both the inbound and
outbound of the traffic. For example, To host the web servers in public
subnets and connecting to the databases placing in private subnets can
be on configuring the VPC. It provides an additional layer of network
security to the applications.

12. Describe The Use Of Amazon Route 53.

Amazon Route 53 is an aws service that offers DNS web services which
are scalable. It helps in guranteeing dependable , low-latency routing to
the AWS services through facilitating efficient translation of user-
friendly domain names into IP addresses. For example, Route 53 will be
useful to route the traffic between multiple EC2 instances or direct
users to a hosted website on an S3 bucket.
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13. How Does AWS Handle Disaster Recovery And Backup?

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AWS comes up with various services for disaster recovery and backup.
Amazon S3 service is the most perferable service for backup storage
and centralized management. Additionally it supports in business
continuity in the event of a disaster by replicating AWS workloads to
on-premises.

14. What Is AWS Elastic Beanstalk, And How Does It Simplify

Application Deployment?

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a AWS managed service helps in providing

simplifyed application's deployment and management through
automatically handling the infrastructure provision. It allows the
developers to focus completely on writing the code. For example, you
only need to upload your code for deploying web application , Elastic
Beanstalk will care of the rest of underlying infrastructures provisioning
of EC2 instances and load balancing.

15. Explain The Significance Of AWS Organizations In Managing

Multiple AWS Accounts.

AWS Organizations manages multiple AWS accounts on centralizing

them. It organizing the billing, applying consistent policies across the
accounts, and facilitates sharing of resources. For instance, you can use
Organizations to implement a policy that provides the specific security
settings across all accounts, safe guarding a unified and secure AWS
environment.

Intermediate AWS Interview Questions

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AWS Interview Questions

16. Describe The Difference Between Amazon S3 And EBS.

Amazon S3 is object storage for scalable of data accessing through

internet, while EBS is block-level storage that is attached to the EC2
instances for persistent and high-performance of storage. S3 is ideal
service for storing and retrieving for large amounts of unstructured data
such as images and backups. On the other hand EBS is better suitable
for databases which are requiring consistent and low-latency
performance.

17. How Does AWS Lambda Work, And What Are Its Use Cases?

AWS Lambda is a serverless Event driven computing service that will

execute code as a response to the events. Developers will upload the
functions and Lambda are automatically scales and manages the
infrastructure through event triggers or manual run. Use cases of
Lambda service includes in real-time file processing, data
transformation, and event-driven microservices, where you pay only for
the consumed compute time i.e., Pay as per you Run

18. What Are Security Groups And NACLs In The Context Of AWS
VPC?
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Security groups are stateful firewalls acted at the instance level
controlling the inbound and outbound traffic whereas Network Access

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Control Lists (NACLs) are stateless firewalls acted at the subnet level
can be considered NACLs as external security layer and Security groups
as internal security layer to the instances. While security groups are
more straightforward and allow modification of rules easy, NACLs offer
granular control at the subnet level with numbered rules.

19. Explain The Purpose Of AWS CloudFormation.

AWS CloudFormation is an Infrastructure as Code (IaC) service that

helps in allowing the users to declaratively define and provide the
availability of AWS infrastructure. It helps in simplifying the resource
management, enabling the creation and updates of the stacks of AWS
resources. This gurantee the consistency across the environments and
facilitates the version-controlled infrastructure.

20. How Do You Monitor And Log AWS Resources?

AWS comes up with providing services such as CloudWatch for

monitoring and CloudTrail for logging. CloudWatch take place in
monitoring the resources and applications, while CloudTrail will record
the API calls, providing the visibility of user activity. These tools
collectively allow detailed observation and analysis of AWS resources.

21. Discuss The Various Storage Classes In Amazon S3.

Amazon S3 offers storage classes with different types as per needs.

Standard storage class type provides low-latency access, Intelligent-
Tiering provides optimization of costs by moving data between access
tiers, Glacier is designed for archival purposes, offering retrieval times
that span from minutes to hours, and finally the Glacier Deep Archive
class type offers lowest cost for long-term archival.

22. What Is AWS OpsWorks, And How Does It Work?

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23. Explain AWS Key Management Service (KMS) And Its Use Cases.

AWS Key Management Service (KMS) is a managed aws service that

helps in creation and providing controll over encryption keys. It helps in
integration with other AWS services to encrypt data that are at rest and
then transitmitting in. Use cases of KMS include such as securing
sensitive data, fulfillment of regulatory meetings, and managment of
the access to encrypted resources.

24. How Does AWS Support Hybrid Cloud Architectures?

AWS supports hybrid cloud architectures through the services such as

AWS Direct Connect, VPN, and AWS Outposts. Direct Connect service
helps in establishing a dedicated network connection, VPN helps in
enabling the secure communication over the internet, and finally
Outposts service helps in expansion of AWS infrastructure to on-
premises data centers on providing a seamless hybrid solution.

25. What Is The Significance Of Amazon DynamoDB In AWS?

Amazon DynamoDB is a service in AWS that is helpful in management

of NoSQL database service that known for its scalability and low-
latency performance. This service is suitable for the applications which
requires seamlessly quick access to data, such as gaming, e-commerce,
and mobile applications offering consistency of a single-digit
millisecond latency.

26. What Is AWS Elastic Transcoder, And When Would You Use It?

AWS Elastic Transcoder is a AWS service that is useful for scalable

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resolutions, bit rates, or formats for various types of devices, such as

video streaming for different platforms.

27. Discuss The Use Of AWS CodeDeploy In Application

Deployment.

AWS CodeDeploy is a service that is useful in automation of code

deployment to the instances, facilitating rapid and reliable application
updates. It supports various deployment strategies allowing users to
roll out the updates gradually or all at once. CodeDeploy works
seamlessly with the services such as EC2 instances, on-premises
servers, and Lambda functions.

28. Explain The Purpose Of AWS CloudTrail.

AWS CloudTrail is a service that helps in recording the API calls and
providing a detailed history of actions taking part in the AWS account. It
enhances the features such as security, compliance, and the operational
troubleshootings by offering visibility into the user activity, allowing
organizations to track the changes and monitor the resource utilization
effectively.

29. How Do You Configure And Manage AWS Elastic Load

Balancers?

AWS Elastic Load Balancers(ELB) is a service that helps in distribution

of incoming traffic of the applications across multiple targets. This
Configuration involves in setting up the listeners, defining target groups,
and configuring the routing rules. Health checks helps in ensuring the
efficient traffic distribution by enhancing fault tolerance and improving
availability of the application.

30. What Is The AWS Marketplace, And How Is It Beneficial For

Users?
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The AWS Marketplace is a digital catalog service provided by AWS that
offers a variety of third-party software services that are easy deployable
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on top of AWS. It benefits the users providing through a wide range of

pre-configured solutions, and simplified software licensing and billing.

Advanced AWS Interview Questions

31. Discuss The Use Of Amazon ECS (Elastic Container Service) In

Container Management.

Amazon ECS is a aws service helps with simplified container

management by providing easy access to users to run and scale
containerized applications. To improve the functionality it works with
integration of other AWS services such as Elastic Load Balancing and
CloudWatch. ECS supports both Fargate and EC2 instances services for
better control over the underlying infrastructure.

32. Explain The Concept Of AWS Direct Connect.

AWS Direct Connect is an AWS service that helps in establishing direct

network between on-premises and AWS Data centers. In compared to
internet based connections it comes with providing better reliable and
consistent network. For large data transfers, sensitive workloads, and
the scenarios where requires low-latency connections to AWS
resources usage of Direct Connect is preferable.

33. How Do You Troubleshoot Performance Issues In an AWS

Environment?

Troubleshooting AWS performance issues deals in analyzing metrics of

CloudWatch, Examining logs, and using of AWS X-Ray service for
tracing. Additionally, It is essential to understand the architecture and
dependencies of the application for identifying difficulties and
optimizing the resource configurations. AWS provides a extensive set of
tools to identify and resolve performance challenges.

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AWS Snowball is an AWS serive that provides a physical data transport

of large amount of data in and out of AWS. It is helpful in the cases
where the network bandwidth is limited and petabytes of data to be
transfered over the internet for reducing the time delay. Snowball
devices are shipped to the user, and data is safely moved to AWS,
reducing data transfer times significantly.

35. How Does AWS Support DevOps Practices?

AWS supports DevOps practices by facilitating a variety of services for

CI/CD workflow such as AWS CodePipeline, AWS CodeBuild, and AWS
CodeDeploy. Inaddition to this IaC tools such as AWS CloudFormation
helps in automating provision of resources. AWS facilitates integration
with popular DevOps tools for providing collaboration between
development and operations teams.

36. Discuss The Use of AWS CloudWatch In Monitoring Resources.

AWS CloudWatch helps in real time monitoring of AWS resources and

applications. It collects and tracks metrics, sets alarms, and
automatically responds to changes in resource utilization. CloudWatch
Logs provides centralized log management on utilizing proactive
monitoring, troubleshooting ensuring the optimal performance of AWS
resources.

37. How Do you handle version control in Amazon S3?

Versioning in Amazon S3 allows users to preserve, retrieve, and restore

every version of every object that are stored in a bucket. It is useful for
the needs such as data protection, rollback, and audit trail. When the
versioning of S3 is enabled, it automatically saves all versions of an item
providing a detailed version history that can be managable via the API
or AWS Management Console.

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AWS Glue is an entierly management of ETL services that extract ,

transform and load the services. It helps in automating the analysis
process through streamlining the preparing and loading of data. Glue
faciliates it gathered the data through discovers, catalogs and
transforms data from various sources, simplifying the ETL workflow. It
has ability to handle both structured and semi-structured data that
making it to stand out as a powerful tool for data integration and
analysis.

39. Explain The Concept Of AWS Step Functions.

AWS Step Functions is a serverless orchestration service in AWS that

brings the coordination of multiple AWS services to work efficiently into
serverless workflows It faciliates the users for designing and executing
the workflows using visual workflows, simplifying complex transition
states and error handlings . Step Functions are useful for devloping
scalable and resilient applications.

40. Discuss The Benefits Of Using Amazon CloudFront.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service in AWS

that speed up the delivery of web content using AWS Global network
Infrasture. It enhances the performance, security, and scalability of
applications and websites by caching and delivering content from edge
locations worldwide. CloudFront also provides additional features
including DDoS protection and connecting with other AWS services

41. How Does AWS Handle Security In a Multi-Tenant Environment?

AWS comes up on utilizing a strong shared responsible architecture

that gurantee security in an environment including physical
infrastructure with serveral tenants. While customers has to handle
managing the security in the cloud, protecting their data, applications,
and access restrictions. Multi-tenant setups the benefit from enhancing
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42. What Is Amazon Kinesis, And How Is It Used For Real-Time Data
Streaming?

Amazon Kinesis is suitable of services which are looking for real-time

data streaming. Streaming data ingestion, processing, and analysis are
made easier using Kinesis Data Streams, Data Firehose, and Data
Analytics. It is useful for benefiting the applications which need real-
time analytics, such as monitoring, fraud detection.

43. What Are The Key Considerations For Designing Highly Available
Architectures In AWS?

Designing highly available architectures in AWS involves in distribution

of workloads across multiple Availability Zones (AZs), using Auto
Scaling services for dynamic allocation of resources and
implementations of redundant and fault-tolerant components. Aside
from data replication and load balancing , other factors are also come
into account such as utilization management of services that inherently
offering high availability , resilience safegaurding against the failures.

44. Describe a VPC Peering Scenario And Its Implementations.

AWS comes up with a shared responsibility model , In where AWS will

take care the management of cloud Infrastructure and the customers are
responsible for securing the applications data within the environment of
cloud. AWS assist in providing many compliance certifications and tools
such as AWS Artifact for collecting compliance reports. Customers can
enhance the security of the application data by implementing security
measures such as encryption , access control and audit trails
safeguarding compliance with regulatory standards.

Scenario Based AWS Interview Questions

45. You Are Tasked With Designing A Scalable And Fault-Tolerant

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For designing a scalable and fault-tolerant web application on AWS, I

would use services such as Amazon EC2 for scaling compute capacity,
Amazon RDS or DynamoDB for managing databases, and Amazon S3
for scalable storage. Employing Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) gurantee
on unifrom distribution of traffic, while Auto Scaling helps in
automatically adjusting the resources utilization in response to demand.
Deployments on Multiple Availability Zones and Replication of data
safeguards improving the fault tolerance. On usage of services such as
CloudFront for content delivery, and CloudWatch for monitoring in the
architecture gurantees the high availability and performance.

46. Describe A Scenario Where You Would Choose Amazon RDS

Over DynamoDB For a Database Solution.

Amazon RDS is preferable when their is a need of relational data model,

dealing with complex queries or transactions are crucial. It will be
suitable choice if the application is looking for flexibility in schema
design for handling SQL queries. On the other hand, DynamoDB is best
suited for NoSQL usecases such as real-time applications and gaming
on handling low-latency requirements with simple queries.

47. Walk Through The Steps To Set Up a VPC With Public And
Private Subnets.

In order to set up a AWS VPC, the CIDR block needs to be defined,

subnets must be created, route tables should be configured, and NAT
and internet gateways need to be set up. A route table needs to be
linked to the internet gateway for public subnets, and a NAT gateway
should be used for private subnets' traffic routing. Accordingly, network
ACLs and security groups have to be defined. To guarantee
the connectivity, configure VPN or VPC peering connections. This
configuration permits controlled access while securely isolating
resources.

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48. Explain How You Would Handle a Sudden Increase In Traffic To
Your Application Using AWS Services.

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Auto Scaling is necessary for automatically adjusting utilization

of resources based on demand in order to handle a sudden increase in
traffic. Try using CloudFront service for content delivery, Amazon RDS
or DynamoDB for scalable databases, and Elastic Load Balancing
for the distribution of traffic. Utilizing services such as ElastiCache for
caching minimizes the demand on backend resources. Route 53 or
Global Accelerator services helps in improving the availability using
AWS global Infrastructure. Scaling responses can be automated via
AWS Lambda functions and CloudWatch alarms, providing a flawless
user experience.

49. A Company Wants To Migrate Its On-Premises Servers To AWS.

Outline The Steps Involved In This Migration Process.

Examining workloads on-premises and selecting the best migration

approach such as lift-and-shift, re-platforming, or re-architecting, and
establishing the target architecture on AWS are all crucial steps in the
migration process. For a seamless transition of workloads, make use of
services like AWS Server Migration Service (SMS) or Database
Migration Service (DMS). Following migration, optimize resources,
perform DNS record updates, and implement continuous monitoring. To
guarantee a successful migration, consider accounting security
measures like encryption and Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) setups.

50. How Would You Design A Disaster Recovery Plan For a Critical
Application Hosted On AWS?

In order to design a disaster recovery plan, creating backups across the

regions on replication of important data implementing cross-regions
must be implemented. Definition of recovery time objectives (RTO) and
recovery point objectives (RPO) must be specified. For the automation of
cross-region replication try on using the services like AWS Backup for
centralized backup management and AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery
(EDR)
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51. Discuss A Scenario Where You Would Use AWS Lambda

Functions In An Application.

AWS Lambda functions are ideal for scenarios that requires serverless,
event-driven architecture. It works with principle of Pay as per Run
coming to billing section. For example, in a photo-sharing application,
Lambda functions can be triggered whenever users uploaded the
images. These functions helps in resize the images, update the
metadata in DynamoDB, and send the notifications. Lambda's stateless
nature and automatic scaling make it efficient for handling variable
workloads without need of manual management of underlying
infrastructure.

52. You're Dealing With Sensitive Data, And The Client Requires
End-To-End Encryption. How Would You Implement This In AWS?

Implementing end-to-end encryption involves with usage of services

such as AWS Key Management Service (KMS) to manage encryption
keys. Encrypt data at rest using S3 server-side encryption or RDS
encryption. For data in transit, use HTTPS and SSL/TLS protocols.
Implement encryption in Lambda functions, EC2 instances, and other
services as needed. Strictly manage IAM roles and policies to control
access to encryption keys and ensure a secure end-to-end encryption
solution.

53. Describe a Situation Where You Would Use AWS Elastic

Beanstalk And Its Advantages In That Context.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is effective in situations in which quick

deployment and administration of applications are essential. For
instance, Elastic Beanstalk facilitates capacity provisioning, load
balancing, and automatic scaling, which streamlines the deployment of
web applications. It is a preferable option for faster deployment because
of its benefits, which include simple application upgrades, monitoring
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integration with CloudWatch, and a variety of supported programming
languages.

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54. A Company Is Facing High Costs In Its AWS Environment. How

Would You Analyze And Optimize The Costs?

Using AWS Expense Explorer service to identify expense drivers, AWS

Budgets for setting cost thresholds, and Trusted Advisor and other tools
to generate cost-saving recommendations are all part of the process of
cost analysis and optimization. In order to match resources with
demand, use auto-scaling, analyze the instance spots for variable
workloads, and use reserved instances for dependable workloads.
Reevaluate on usage of serverless options such as Lambda and keep
checking on unused resources. Cost-effective resource allocation should
be reviewed and modified on a regular basis.

AWS Interview Questions - FAQs

What is Amazon EC2?

EC2 provides virtual servers (instances) to run applications on the

cloud, offering scalability and cost-effectiveness.

What is a VPC?

A Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) creates a secure, isolated network

environment for your AWS resources within a specific region.

What are different EC2 instance pricing models?

There are three main models: On-Demand (pay-as-you-go), Spot

(bid for unused capacity at a discount), and Reserved (commit to
an instance for a fixed term for a lower price).

What are Security Best Practices for EC2?

Use IAM for access control, restrict access with security groups,
open only necessary ports, and disable password-based logins.
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