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Solution To Examples 1.1 and 1.2

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25 views

Solution To Examples 1.1 and 1.2

Uploaded by

haithemabdallah.benaida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1.

Introduction

Example 1.1

k1 k2 P k3
x
1 2 3 4

Given: For the spring system shown above,


k1 100 N / mm, k 2 200 N / mm, k 3 100 N / mm
P 500 N, u1 u4 0
Find: (a) the global stiffness matrix
(b) displacements of nodes 2 and 3
(c) the reaction forces at nodes 1 and 4
(d) the force in the spring 2
Solution:
(a) The element stiffness matrices are
ª 100  100º
k1 « 100 100 » (N/mm) (1)
¬ ¼
ª 200  200º
k2 « 200 200 » (N/mm) (2)
¬ ¼
ª 100  100º
k3 « 100 100 » (N/mm) (3)
¬ ¼

20
Chapter 1. Introduction

Applying the superposition concept, we obtain the global stiffness


matrix for the spring system as
u1 u2 u3 u4
ª 100  100 0 0 º
« 100 100  200  200 0 »
K « »
« 0  200 200  100  100»
« 0
¬ 0  100 100 »¼

or
ª 100  100 0 0 º
« 100 300  200 0 »
K « »
« 0  200 300  100»
« 0 0  100 100 »¼
¬
which is symmetric and banded.
Equilibrium (FE) equation for the whole system is
ª 100  100 0 0 º ­ u1 ½ ­ F1 ½
« 100 300  200 0 » °°u2 °° °0°
« »® ¾ ° °
® ¾ (4)
« 0  200 300  100» °u3 ° °P°
« 0 0  100 100 »¼ °¯u4 °¿ °¯ F4 °¿
¬

(b) Applying the BC ( u1 u4 0 ) in Eq(4), or deleting the 1st and


4th rows and columns, we have

21
Chapter 1. Introduction

ª 300  200º ­u2 ½ ­0½


« 200 300 » ®u ¾ ® ¾ (5)
¬ ¼¯ 3 ¿ ¯ P¿
Solving Eq.(5), we obtain
­u2 ½ ­ P / 250 ½ ­2 ½
® ¾ ® ¾ ® ¾ (mm) (6)
¯u3 ¿ ¯3 P / 500 ¿ ¯3¿

(c) From the 1st and 4th equations in (4), we get the reaction forces
F1 100u 2 200 (N)
F4 100u 3 300 (N )

(d) The FE equation for spring (element) 2 is

ª 200  200º ­ ui ½ ­ fi ½
« 200 200 » ®u ¾ ® ¾
¬ ¼¯ j ¿ ¯fj¿
Here i = 2, j = 3 for element 2. Thus we can calculate the spring
force as
­u2 ½
F fj  fi >  200 200 @ ®u ¾
¯ 3¿
­2 ½
>  200 200@ ® 3¾
¯ ¿
200 (N)
Check the results!

22
Chapter 1. Introduction

Example 1.2

4 k4 F1
k1 1
2
4 1 k2 F2 k3

2 3 3 5
x

Problem: For the spring system with arbitrarily numbered nodes


and elements, as shown above, find the global stiffness
matrix.
Solution:
First we construct the following

Element Connectivity Table


Element Node i (1) Node j (2)
1 4 2
2 2 3
3 3 5
4 2 1

which specifies the global node numbers corresponding to the


local node numbers for each element.

23
Chapter 1. Introduction

Then we can write the element stiffness matrices as follows


u4 u2 u2 u3
ª k1  k1 º ª k2  k2 º
k1 « k k2
¬ 1 k1 »¼ « k
¬ 2 k 2 »¼

u3 u5 u2 u1
ª k3  k3 º ª k4  k4 º
k3 « k k4
¬ 3 k 3 »¼ « k
¬ 4 k 4 »¼

Finally, applying the superposition method, we obtain the global


stiffness matrix as follows
u1 u2 u3 u4 u5
ª k4  k4 0 0 0 º
« k k1  k 2  k 4  k2  k1 0 »
« 4 »
K « 0  k2 k2  k3 0  k3 »
« 0  k1 0 k1 0 »»
«
«¬ 0 0  k3 0 k 3 »¼

The matrix is symmetric, banded, but singular.

24

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