CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA

Set theory

 Sets:

Sets are the collection of well defined collection of objects.

Examples of sets with their symbols used particularly in mathematics are-
1. N: the set of all natural numbers
2. Z: the set of all integers
3. Q: the set of all rational numbers
4. R: the set of real numbers
5. Z+: the set of positive integers
6. Q+: the set of positive rational numbers
7. R+: the set of positive real numbers

 Note:
(a) Objects, elements and members of a set are synonymous terms
(b) Sets are usually denoted by capital letters A, B, C, X, Y, Z etc
(c) The elements of a set are represented by small letters like a, b, c, x, y, z etc.

 Types of Representation

There are two methods of representing a set-

(i) Roster or tabular form:-

In Roster form, all the elements of a set are listed, the elements are being separated by
commas and are enclosed within braces .
For example, the set of all positive integers less than 7 is described in roster form as
{1, 2,3, 4,5,6} . The order in which the elements are listed makes no difference.

(ii) Set builder form:-

In this form, all the elements posses a common property. For example, in the set
, all the elements posses a common property, namely each of them is a vowel
in the English alphabet and no other letter posses this property. Denoting this set by V,
we write-
V=

 Types of Sets

(a) Finite and infinite Sets

A set which is empty or consists of a definite number of elements called finite set
otherwise the set is infinite.

(b) Empty Set

A set which does not contain any element is called the empty set or null set or the void
set. It is denoted by the symbol .

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
(c) Singleton Set

Sets which have only single element known as singleton set

E.g. {0} is a singleton set because it has one element say 0.

(d) Equal Set

Two sets A and B are said to be equal if every element of A is present in B and every
element of B is present in A and we write, A = B.

Note: 1. Repetition of elements, in a set does not affect the equality of sets
e.g. {1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3,…) = {1, 2, 3}
2. The order in which the elements of a set are listed is immaterial
3. A set does not change if one or more of the elements of the set are repeated.

(e) Universal Set

The set which contains all the elements under consideration in a particular problem is
called the universal set denoted by U.

(f) Cardinal number

The number of distinct elements in a finite set is called cardinal number. It is represented
by n (A) where A is any set.

(g) Equivalent Set

Two finite sets A & B are said to be equivalent if n (A) = n (B).

Note: Equal sets are equivalent but equivalent sets need not be equal.

(h) Subset

If every element of set A is also an element of set B, we say that A is a subset of B. It is

denoted as A  B. Here B is said to be superset of A.
To write all the subsets of a given set, we also include set itself and empty set.
There are 2n subsets of a given set.

(i) Proper Subset

If P is a subset of Q but P is not equal to Q then P is called proper subset of Q. A set

containing n elements has (2n -1) proper subsets.
In other words, If A  B and A  B, then A is called a proper subset of B and we write it
as A  B.

(j) Power set

The set of all subsets of a given set A is called the power set of A, to be denoted by
P(A).

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
 Operation on sets

 Union of Sets

If A & B be any two sets, set of all those elements which belong to either A or B is known
as Union of two sets A & B. It is denoted as A  B .

 Intersection of Sets

A set which contains all those elements which are in A & B both i.e. which are common
to both A & B, is known as intersection of two sets A & B. It is denoted as A∩B

 Disjoint Sets

Two sets A & B are said to be disjoint if they have no common elements i.e. their
intersection is null set. (A∩B=0)

 Complement of a Set

Let U be the universal set & A be any set, then the set of all those elements of U which
are not in A is known as compliment of A & is denoted by A’.

 Difference of Sets

Set of all those elements of A which are not in B is denoted by A-B.

 Symmetric Difference of Sets

The symmetric difference of A & B is denoted by AB  ( A  B)  ( B  A)

 Cartesian Product of Sets

If A and B are two non empty sets, then set of all ordered pairs (a,b) such that a belongs
to set A and b belongs to set B, is called Cartesian product of A and B and it is denoted
by AXB.

Important Points:-

1. Two ordered pairs are equal, if and only if the corresponding first elements are
equal and the second elements are also equal.
2. If there are p elements in A and q elements in B, then there will be pq elements in
A , i.e if n(A) =p and n(B) = q, then n(A B) = pq.
3. If A and B are non empty sets and either A or B is an infinite set, then so is A B.

Results on Cartesian product of sets

(i ) A  ( B  C )  ( A  B ) ( A  C )
( ii ) A  ( B  C )  ( A  B )  ( A  C )
( iii ) A  ( B  C )  ( A  B )  ( A  C )

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
 Laws of Operation on sets

( i ) A  B  B  A and A  B  B  A
( ii ) ( A  B )  C  A  ( B  C )
( iii ) ( A  B )  C  A  ( B  C )
( iv ) A  ( B  C )  ( A  B )  ( A  C )
(v ) A( B  C )  ( A B )( A  C )
( vi ) A  ( B  C )  ( A  B )  ( A  C )
( vii ) A  B  A  B  A  B
( viii ) ( A  B )  ( B  A )  ( A  B )  ( A  B )
( ix ) ( A  B )  B  

 De-Morgan’s Law

( i ) ( A  B )'  A'  B'

( ii ) ( A  B )'  A'  B'

 Important results

(i) n ( A  B)  n ( A )  n (B)  n ( A  B)

(ii) n  A  B  C   n  A   n  B   n  C   n  A  B   n  B  C   n  A  C   n  A  B  C 

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Q.1 The number of subsets of a set containing Q.10 If A has 32 elements B has 42 elements
n elements is and A  B has 62 elements find the
n –n
(a) 2 (b) 2 number of elements in A  B
(c) n (d) None (a) 74 (b) 62
(c) 12 (d) None
Q.2 A = {2, 3, 5, 7}, B = {4, 6, 8, 10} then
A  B can be written as Q.11 If A has 3 elements and B has 6 elements,
(a) { } (b) {} then the minimum number of elements in
(c) (A  B)’ (d) None A  B is:
(a) 3 (b) 6
Q.3 The set {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10} can be written as (c) 9 (d) 18
(a) {2x : 0 <  < 5}
(b) {x : 0 > x > 5} Q.12 Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} be the
(c) {2x : 0 < x < 5} universal set and A = {2, 4, 6},
(d) None of these B = {1, 3, 7}. Then, A c  B c
(a) {2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10}
Q (b) {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10}
P  1, 2, 3, 5, 7 (c) X
(d) {5, 8, 9, 10}

Q  1, 3, 6, 10, 15  Q.13 A U A=

Q.4 The cardinal number of P  Q is (a) A (b) Ø
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) A’ (d) {Ø}
(c) 0 (d) None
Q.14 A ∩ A’
Q.5 n (P – Q) is (a) U (b) Ø
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) {Ø} (d) A’
(c) 6 (d) None
Q.15 A U A’
Q.6 If A  B = (A – B)  (B – A) and (a) U (b) Ø
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 5, 7} then A  B is (c) A (d) A’
(a) {1, 2, 4, 5, 7} (b) {3}
(c) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7} (d) None Q.16 A ∩ U =
(a) A (b) U
Q.7 If V = { 0 1 2…9) X = {0 2 4 6 8} (c) Ø (d) A’
Y = {3 5 7} and Z = {3 7} then Y  Z,
Q.17 (A ∩ Ø)
(V  Y)  X, (X  Z)  V are
(a) A (b) Ø
respectively:–
(c) A’ (d) {Ø}
(a) {3 5 7} {0 2 4 6 8} {0 1 2…9}
(b) {2 4 6} {0 2 4 6 8} {0 1 2...9}
Q.18 (A U B)’ =
(c) {2 4 6} {0 1 2…9} {0 2 4 6 8}
(a) A’ U B’ (b) A’ ∩ B’
(d) None
(c) A-B (d) A ∩ B’
Q.8 If the universal set
Q.19 (A ∩ B)’ =
E = {x | x is a positive integer < 25},
(a) A’ U B’ (b) A’ ∩ B’
A = {2, 6, 8, 14, 22}, B = {4, 8, 10, 14}
(c) B-A (d) B ∩ A’
then
(a) (A  B)’ = A’  B’ Q.20 A Δ B =
(b) (A  B)’ = A’  B’ (a) (A-B) ∩ (B-A)
(c) (A’  B)’ =  (b) (A-B) U (B-A)
(d) None of these (c) (A U B) + (A ∩ B)
(d) (A ∩ B) – (A U B)
Q.9 If the set P has 3 elements, Q four and R
two then the set P  Q  R contains Q.21 Ø x Ø=?
(a) 9 elements (b) 20 elements 2
(a) Ø (b) Ø
(c) 24 elements (d) None (c) Both a and b (d) None of these

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Q.22 A B ?
(a) A (b) B Q.34 If A= {p, q, r, s} and B= {s} then n(P(A U B))=
(a) 7 (b) 16
(c) –(B (d) None of these (c) 5 (d) 4

Q.23 If n(A U B)=n(A)+n(B) then Q.35 If A={1,3, 5, 7, 9} the (Ø U A) ∩ A=

(a) A ∩ B=Ø (b) A U B= Ø (a) A (b) A’
(c) A ∩ B’= Ø (d) A’ ∩ B= Ø (c) Ø (d) None of these

Q.24 Number of elements of set A is 3; number of Q.36 If P = {a, ,b, c, d} then (Ø U P) ∩ Ø=

element of set B is 4 and number of element (a) P (b) P’
of set C is 6 then the set A X B X C contains (c) Ø (d) None of these
how many elements?
(a) 18 (b) 24 Q.37 If a = {a, b, c, d}, B = {d, e, f, g} and C= {f, g,
(c) 72 (d) 13 h} then n(P(A U B) ∩ C)=
(a) 4 (b) 2
Q.25 If A={a, b}; B={c, d, e} and C={c, d, e, f} then (c) 7 (d) 8
n(A X (B ∩ C))=
(a) 5 (b) 6 Q.38 Which of the following result is correct
(c) 7 (d) None of these
(a) n  A  B   n  A   n  B   n  A  B 
Q.26 If A={p, q, r, s}, B= {a, b, c, d, e} an C={d, e, f}
then n(A X (B – C))= (b) n  A  B   n  A   n  B  , when n  A  B   
(a) 7 (b) 12
(c) 14 (d) None of these (c ) n  A  B   n  A  B   n  A 
Q.27 If A= {a, b, c, d}, B= {c, d, e, f} and C= {e, f, g} (d ) All of these
then n((A-B) X (B-C)=
(a) 12 (b) 8 Q.39 Which of the following result is correct
(c) 16 (d) 4
(a) n  B  A  n  A  B   n  B 
Q.28 If A= {1, 2, 3,} B= {4, 5, 6} and C= {5, 6, 7}
then n(A X (B U C))= (b) n  A  B   n  A  B   n  B  A   n  A  B 
(a) 12 (b) 8
(c) 6 (d) None of these (c) both (a) and (b)

Q.29 If A= {a, e, i, o, u} and B= {o, u, j} then (d ) None of these

cardinal no. of A-B=
(a) 3 (b) 4 Q.40 Which of the following is a true statement?
(c) 5 (d) 6 (a) ( A  B )c  ( A c  B c )

Q.30 If A= {a, b, c, d, e, f} and B={d, e, f, g} then (b) ( A  B )c  A  Bc

cardinal no. of B∩A (c) ( A  B )c  A c  B
(a) 4 (b) 3
(d) ( A  B )c  A c  B c
(c) 2 (d) 1

Q.31 If A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B= {4, 5, 6, 7} then Q.41 If A, B, C are any three sets, then:
cardinal no. of A∩B’ (a) A – (B  C) = (A – B)  (A – C)
(a) 4 (b) 3 (b) A – (B  C) = (A – B)  (A – C)
(c) 5 (d) 7 (c) A – (B  C) = (A – B)  (A  C)
(d) A – (B  C) = (A  B) – (A  C)
Q.32 If A= {x, y, z} then n(P(A))=
(a) 3 (b) 9 Q.42 A  (B – C) = ?
(c) 8 (d) 7 (a) (A  B) – (A  C)
(b) (A – B)  (A – C)
Q.33 If A= {a, b, c, d} and B= {a} then n(A U B)= (c) (A – C)  (A – B)
(a) 5 (b) 4 (d) None of these
(c) 15 (d) 16
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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Q.43 A  A ' is equal to (a) A – B
(a) E (b)  (b) A  B
(c) A (d) None (c) ( A  B ) C
(d) ( A  B )  ( B  A )
Q.44 A  (B  C) = ?
(a) (A  B)  (A  C) Q.52 The shaded region in the adjoining
(b) (A  B)  (A  C) diagram is:
(c) (A  B)  (A  C)
(d) None of these

Q.45 A  (B  C) = ?
(a) (A  B)  (A  C)
(b) (A  B)  (A  C)
(c) (A  B)  (A  C)
(d) None of these

Q.46 If R is the set of positive rational number

and E is the set of real numbers then
(a) R  E (b) R  E (a) A  ( B  C ) (b) A  ( B  C )
(c) E  R (d) None (c) A  ( B  C ) (d) A  (B  C)

Q.47 If R is the set of isosceles right angled Q.53 In a group of 20 children, 8 drink tea but
triangles and I is set of isosceles triangles, not coffee and 13 like tea. The number of
then children drinking coffee but not tea is
(a) R = I (b) R  I (a) 6 (b) 7
(c) R  I (d) None (c) 8 (d) None

Q.48 [n (n + 1)/2 : n is a positive integer] is Q.54 Out of a total population of 50000 only
(a) a finite set (b) infinite set 28000 read telegraph and 23000 read
(c) is an empty set (d) None times of India while 4000 read the both.
How many do not read any paper?
Q.49 If E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, the subset (a) 3000 (b) 2000
of E satisfying 5 + x > 10 is (c) 4000 (d) None
(a) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9} (b) {6, 7, 8, 9}
(c) {7, 8, 9} (d) None Q.55 Out of 2000 staff 48% preferred coffee
54% tea and 64% cold drink. Of the total
Q.50 The shaded region in the adjoining 28% used coffee and tea 32% tea and
diagram is: cold drink and 30% coffee and cold drink.
Only 6% did none of these. Find the
number having all the three.
(a) 360 (b) 280
(c) 160 (d) None

Q.56 A dinner party is to be fixed for a group

consisting of 100 persons. In this party, 50
(a) A C (b) B C persons do not prefer fish, 60 prefer
(c) A – B (d) B – A chicken and 10 do not prefer either
chicken or fish. The number of persons
Q.51 The shaded region in the adjoining who prefer both fish and chicken is:
diagram represents: (a) 10 (b) 20
(c) 30 (d) 40

Q.57 In a class consisting of 100 students 20

know English and 20 do not know Hindi
and 10 know neither English nor Hindi.

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
The number of students knowing both
Hindi and English is:
(a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 20

Q.58 In a group of persons, each one knows

either Hindi or Tamil. If 100 know Hindi, 50
know Tamil and 30 know both, how many
persons are there in the group?
(a) 120 (b) 130
(c) 150 (d) 180

Q.59 If 63% of Indians like milk and 75% like

tea, how many like both?
(a) 13% (b) 26%
(c) 39% (d) 6 ½%

ANSWER KEY
1(a) 2(a) 3(a) 4(b) 5(a) 6(a)
7(a) 8(a) 9(c) 10(c) 11(b) 12(d)
13(a) 14(b) 15(a) 16(a) 17(b) 18(b)
19(a) 20(b) 21(b) 22(b) 23(a) 24(c)
25(b) 26(b) 27(d) 28(a) 29(a) 30(b)
31(b) 32(c) 33(b) 34(b) 35(a) 36(c)
37(a) 38(d) 39(c) 40(d) 41(b) 42(a)
43(a) 44(b) 45(a) 46(b) 47(c) 48(b)
49(b) 50(c) 51(d) 52(d) 53(b) 54(a)
55(a) 56(b) 57(b) 58(a) 59(c)

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Functions

 Meaning:

Let A and B be two non-empty sets. Then, a rule or a correspondence f which associates to
each x  A , a unique element f ( x )  B, is called a function or a mapping from A to B and we
write, f: A  B.

f (x) is called the image of x and x is called the pre-image of f (x).

 Various types of functions or mapping:

1. Many–one – If two or more than two elements in A have the same image in B.

2. One–One – If distinct elements in A have distinct images in B i.e. f is one-one, if

f ( x1 )  f ( x 2 )  x1  x 2
3. Into – If at least one element in B which has no pre-image in A.

4. Onto– If every element in B has at least one pre–image in A, then f is said to be an onto
function.

One-one mapping is called injective; onto mapping is called surjective and a one-one, onto
mapping is called bijective.

Note:

(i) Even functions – A function f (x) is said to be even if f (-x) = f (x).

(ii) Odd functions – A function f (x) is said to be odd if f (-x) = -f (x).

 Algebra of real functions

1. (f+g)(x) = f(x) +g(x)

2. (f-g)(x) = f(x) -g(x)

3. (fg)(x) = f(x).g(x)

4.

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
BASICS (a) (b) x

x 1  1  (c) (d) –x
1. If g  x   , g    is
x  2
(a) 1 (b) 2 INVERSE FUNCTIONS
(c) 3/2 (d) 3

2. If f(x) = then f(1) = 11. If f(x) = 2x then f-1(x) =

(a) y/2 (b) 1/2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x/2 (d) None of these
(c) Not defined (d) None of these
12. If f(x) = log10 x then f-1(x) =
3. If f(x) = then f(1/2) = (a) 10x (b) log10 y
(c) log10 x (d) x10
(a) 4/3 (b) 1/3
(c) 3 (d) ¾
13. If f(x) = ax then f-1 (x) =
(a) ax (b) loga x
4. If g(x) = then g(-1/2) = (c) logx a (d) xa
(a) 4/3 (b) 3/4
14. If f= A B then f-1 =
(c) 1/ (d) None of these
(a) A (b) A
5. 2
If f (x) = x + 3, g (x) = x then f(x). g(x) (c) B (d) B
is
(a) (x + 3)2 (b) x2 + 3 15. If f(x) = then f-1(2) =
3 2
(c) x + 3x (d) None (a) 2 (b) 0
(c) 4 (d) None of these
6. If f (x) = 1/1 – x and g (x) = x – 1/ x,
then fog (x) is 1
16. If f (x )  , f  1 is
(a) x (b) 1/x 1 x
(c) –x (d) None (a) 0 (b) ½
(c) 1 (d) 2
COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
7. If f (x) = x + 3, g (x) = x2, then of fog (x)
is
(a) x2 + 3 (b) x2 + x + 3 17. The function f  x   2x is
2 (a) One-one mapping
(c) (x + 3) (d) None
(b) One-many
8. If f (x) = x + 3, g (x) = x2, then gof (x) (c) Many-one
is (d) None of these
(a) (x + 3)2 (b) x2 + 3
2 18. If distinct elements in A have distinct
(c) x (x + 3) (d) None
images in B then f is
9. If (a) One–one
1 x 1 (b) Many–one
f  x  and g  x   , then gof  x  is (c) Both
1 x x
(a) x – 1 (b) x (d) None
(c) 1/x (d) None
19. If two or more than two elements in A
have the same image in B then f is
10. If f(x) = then fog(x) = (a) One–one

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
(b) Many–one
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None

20. Which relation is not said to be a

function?
(a) One-one (b) One-many
(c) Many-one (d) None of these

21. If A= {x = x+1} is
(a) Many-one (b) One-one
(c) One-many (d) Many-many

22. If {x/f(x)= x2; x z} is

(a) One-one (b) Many-one
(c) One-many (d) Not a function

ANSWER KEY
1(d) 2(c) 3(b) 4(a) 5(c) 6(a)
7(a) 8(a) 9(b) 10(b) 11(c) 12(a)
13(b) 14(d) 15(c) 16(b) 17(a) 18(a)
19(b) 20(b) 21(b) 22(b)

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Relations

 Meaning:

A relation R from a set A to the set B is a subset of A X B.

 Domain and Range of a Relation:

The set of all first ordinates of elements of R is called the domain of R, while the set of all
second ordinates of elements of R is called the range of R.

 Properties of Relation

(i) Reflexive:-

When in a relation x is related to itself. i.e.

xRx for all x.
For example, if xRy stands for statements like:
x has the same experience as y.
They indicate relations which are reflexive.

(ii) Symmetric:-

When for every xRy , we have yRx , so that we can make statement:

xRy  yRx
For example: y is 100 meters away from x signify symmetric relations.

(iii) Transitive:-

This is a relation in between three or more elements, e.g.

xRy and yRz  xRz for all x, y , z

For example: If “x is parallel to y” and “y is parallel to z” then “x is parallel to z”.
If “x is greater than y” and “y is greater than z” then “x is greater than z”

(iv) Equivalence:-

A relation which is reflexive, symmetric and transitive is called an equivalence relation.

The following are some examples:
x is parallel to y
x has the same price as y.

 Inverse Relation

Let R be a relation from A to B. The inverse relation of R is denoted by R 1 and it is

defined as a relation from B to A.
For example: If R={(2,6), (3,3), (3,6)}, then R 1 ={(6,2), (3,3), (6,3)}

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
1. Let A={1,2} and B={3,4}. Find the number 12. A relation expressed in the form that “x is
of relations between A into B. parallel to y” is
(a) 4 (b) 8 (a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) 16 (d) 20 (c) Transitive (d) Equivalence

2. The domain of {(1, 3), (5, 7)} = 13. A relation expressed in the form that “x
(a) (1,3) (b) (2,5) has the same price as y” is
(c) (1,5) (d) (3,7) (a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) Equivalence
3. The range of {(1, 3), (2,5) (6,7)} =
(a) {1,2,6} (b) {3,5,7}
(c) {1,5,7} (d) None ANSWER KEY
4. The range of {(3, 0), (4,0), (5,0)} = 1(c) 2(c) 3(b) 4(b) 5(b) 6(c)
(a) {3,4,5} (b) {0} 7(b) 8(d) 9(c) 10(d) 11(c) 12(d)
(c) 0 (d) Ø 13(d)

5. Supposed A={1,2,3} and R={(1,2), (2,2),

(3,1), (3,2)} then Range of R-1=
(a) {1,2} (b) {1,2,3}
(c) {2} (d) Ø

6. The range of inverse function of {(1,3),

(1,7), (1,9)} =
(a) {1,3,7,9} (b) {3,7,9}
(c) {1} (d) Ø

7. A relation expressed in the form that “x is

100 metres away from y” is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) Equivalence

8. A relation expressed in the form that “x is

100 metres north of y” is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) None

9. A relation expressed in the form that “x is

a parent of y” is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) Equivalence

10. A relation expressed in the form that “x is

a father of y” is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) None

11. A relation expressed in the form that “x is

greater than y” is
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) Equivalence

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
PERMUTATION

BASICS WORDS FORMATION

(ALL ALPHABETS ARE DIFFERENT)
1. If 5.4 pr  6.5 pr 1 , the value of r is :
9. How many words with or without meaning
(a) 4 (b) 8
can be formed by using all the letters of
(c) 3 (d) None
word NUMBER, using each letter exactly
once
2. If 5 pr  60, the value of r is (a) 720 (b) 120
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 36 (d) None
(c) 5 (d) None
10. In how many ways can the letter of the
3. If np3 : np2  3 : 1, the value of n is : word ‘EXACTLY’ be arranged, so that
(i) the vowels are never separated
(a) 4 (b) 5 (ii) the vowels never come together
(c) 7 (d) None (iii) the vowels occupy only the odd places

4. If 56 pr  6 : 54 pr  3  30800, the value of r (a) (i) 1440 (ii) 5040 (iii) 1440
is: (b) (i) 1440 (ii) 3600 (iii) 1440
(a) 41 (b) 51 (c) (i) 120 (ii) 5040 (iii) 1440
(c) 61 (d) None (d) None of these

5. The value of 9 p3  3.9 p2 is equal to : 11. The number of ways the letters of the
word ‘Triangle’ to be arranged so that the
(a) 9 p3 (b) 10 p3 word ‘angle’ will be always present is
(a) 20 (b) 60
(c) 11p3 (d) None
(c) 24 (d) None

SIMPLE PROBLEMS 12. The number of arrangements of the letters

in the word ‘failure’ so that vowels are
6. If six times the number of permutation of n always coming together is
things taken 3 together is equal to seven (a) 576 (b) 575
times the number of permutation of (n – 1) (c) 570 (d) None
things chosen 3 at a time. The value of n
is equal to 13. In how many ways can the letters of the
(a) 20 (b) 19 word ‘STRANGE’ be arranged, so that the
(c) 21 (d) None vowels may occupy, only the even places
(a) 360 (b) 120
7. In a group of boys the number of (c) 720 (d) None
arrangement of 4 boys is 12 times the
number of arrangements of 2 boys. The 14. The number of ways in which the letters of
number of boys in the group is the word ‘MOBILE’ be arranged, so that
(a) 10 (b) 8 consonants always occupy the odd places
(c) 6 (d) None is
(a) 36 (b) 63
8. A letter lock has three rings each marked (c) 30 (d) None
with 10 different letters. In how many ways
it is possible to make an unsuccessful 15. In how many ways can the letters of the
attempt to open the lock word ‘MONDAY’ be arranged ? How many
(a) 999 (b) 899 of them begin with M and end with Y. How
(c) 799 (d) None many of them do not begin with M but end
with Y.
(a) 720, 24, 96 (b) 120, 24, 96
(c) 720, 96, 24 (d) None

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
WORD FORMATION 24. Find the numbers greater than 2000 that
(ALL ALPHABETS NOT DIFFERENT) can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(a) 216 (b) 126
16. The letters of the words CALCUTTA and (c) 96 (d) None
AMERICA are arranged in all possible
ways. The ratio of the numbers of these 25. The number of numbers lying between
arrangements is 100 and 1000 can be formed with the
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 is
(c) 2 : 2 (d) None (a) 120 (b) 210
(c) 1050 (d) None
17. In how many different ways can the letters
of the word ‘KURUKSHETRA’ be arranged 26. The number of numbers lying between 10
(a) 4998600 (b) 4989600 and 1000 can be formed with the digits 2,
(c) 4899600 (d) None 3, 4, 0, 8, 9 is
(a) 225 (b) 125
18. In how many ways the word ‘Arrange’ be (c) 100 (d) None
arranged, such that ‘2 r’ comes together
(a) 400 (b) 440 27. The number of 5 digits greater than
(c) 360 (d) None 34,000 can be formed with the digits 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 is
19. The number of words that can be made by (a) 600 (b) 4200
rearranging the letters of the word (c) 4800 (d) None
“APURNA’ so that vowels and consonants
appear alternate is 28. Find the numbers less than 1000 and
(a) 18 (b) 36 divisible by 5, which can be taken from the
(c) 63 (d) None digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
(a) 154 (b) 144
20. In how many ways can the letters of the (c) 145 (d) None
word ‘ACCOUNTANT’ be arranged. In
how many of them, vowels are always 29. The number of even numbers greater than
together 300 can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3,
(a) 2,28,600; 7,560 4, 5 is
(b) 2,26,800; 15,120 (a) 110 (b) 111
(c) 2,26,800; 7,560 (c) 112 (d) None
(d) None of these
30. How many even numbers of four digits
NUMBER FORMATION can be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 and 6
(a) 120 (b) 300
21. 4 digit number to be formed out of the
(c) 420 (d) None
figures 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 (no digit is repeated)
then the number of such number is
31. The number of 6 digit numbers formed
(a) 120 (b) 20
with the digits 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 is
(c) 96 (d) None
(a) 720 (b) 180
(c) 360 (d) None
22. How many four digit numbers can be
arranged out of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
32. Find the number of numbers that can be
(If each digit is used exactly once)
formed by the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2,1
(a) 408 (b) 480
by placing the odd digits at odd places
(c) 840 (d) None
(a) 900 (b) 180
(c) 216 (d) None
23. Find the three digit number greater than
300 that can be formed with the digits 2, 3,
33. How many 4 digit numbers less than 5000
4, 5, 6
that can be formed with the digits 2, 3, 4,
(a) 60 (b) 48
5, 6, 6
(c) 240 (d) None
(a) 180 (b) 240
(c) 300 (d) None

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
MISC. PROBLEMS (a) 720, 1440 (b) 576, 1440
(c) 720, 144 (d) None
34. The number of arrangements of 10
different things taken 4 at a time in which 43. In total number of ways in which six ‘+’
two particular things always occurs is and four ‘’ signs occur together is
(a) 1680 (b) 1344 7!
(a) (b) 45
(c) 224 (d) None 3!
(c) 35 (d) None
35. There are 5 speakers A, B, C, D and E.
The number of ways in which A will speak 44. How many different signals can be given
always before B is using any number of flags from 5 flags of
(a) 24 (b) 4!.2! different colours
(c) 5! (d) None (a) 325 (b) 320
(c) 225 (d) None
36. How many telephone connections may be
allotted with 8 digits from the numbers 0, 45. Seven candidates are to take
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 examination, 2 in Maths, the remaining in
9 9
(a) 9 x 10 (b) 10 different subjects. In how many ways can
7
(c) 9 x 10 (d) None they be seated in a row so that two
examinees in Maths may not sit together
(a) 360 (b) 3600
37. In how many ways can 5 Accountancy, 4 (c) 3060 (d) None
Mathematics and 3 Law books be
arranged on a shelf. If the book of each
CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
language are to be together.
(a) 17280 (b) 130680
(c) 103680 (d) None 46. The Chief Ministers of 25 States of India
met at Delhi to discuss the problem of
38. The number of ways in which n books can rising prices. In how many ways can they
be arranged on a shelf, so that two seat themselves at a round table if the
particular books are not together is Orissa and Bihar C.Ms choose to sit
together
(a) (n2) (n1)! (b) (n2)!(n1)!
(a) 23!.2! (b) 24!,2!
(c) (n)!. (n1) (d) None
(c) 25!,2! (d) None
39. In how many ways can 8 books can be
47. In how many can 5 beads of different
arranged, so that the best and worst
colours form a necklace
books never come together
(a) 8! (b) 7!.2! 4!
(a) 24 (b)
(c) 7! (d) None 2
(c) 56 (d) None
40. In how many ways can two 10 paise, two
25 paise, three 50 paise and 2 one rupee 48. 5 persons are sitting in a round table in
coins can be distributed among 9 children, such a way that the tallest person is
so that each child gets only one coin always on the right side of the shortest
(a) 7450 (b) 7550 person, the number of such arrangements
(c) 7560 (d) None is
(a) 6 (b) 18
41. The total number of 9 digit numbers of (c) 24 (d) None
different digits is
(a) 10.9! (b) 8.9! 49. In how many ways can 7 persons sit
(c) 9.9! (d) None around table so that all shall not have the
same neighbours in any arrangements
42. A family of 4 brothers and 3 sisters is to be (a) 720 (b) 360
arranged for a photograph in a row. In (c) 5040 (d) None
how many ways can they be seated
(i) all the sisters sit together
(ii) no two sisters sit together

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
50. The number of ways in which 7 boys sit in
a round table so that no two particular
boys may sit together is
(a) 480 (b) 240
(c) 720 (d) None

51. There are 4 boy students and 3 girl

students to dine at a round table. In how
many ways can they sit themselves so
that no two girl students are together
(a) 576 (b) 144
(c) 36 (d) None

52. Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are to be

seated at a circular table. In how many
ways can this be done, if A must always
have either B or C on his right and B must
always have either C or D on his right
(a) 18 (b) 216
(c) 72 (d) None

ANSWER KEY
1(c) 2(a) 3(b) 4(a) 5(b) 6(c)
7(c) 8(a) 9(a) 10(b) 11(c) 12(a)
13(c) 14(a) 15(a) 16(b) 17(b) 18(c)
19(b) 20(c) 21(c) 22(c) 23(b) 24(a)
25(b) 26(b) 27(c) 28(a) 29(b) 30(c)
31(b) 32(b) 33(a) 34(c) 35(a) 36(c)
37(c) 38(a) 39(b) 40(c) 41(c) 42(c)
43(c) 44(a) 45(b) 46(a) 47(a) 48(a)
49(b) 50(a) 51(b) 52(a)

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Combination

BASICS SIMPLE PROBLEMS

1. The value of 12 C4  12 C3 is equal to 9. In an examination paper, there are 7

questions in part a, out of which any four
(a) 517 (b) 715
are to be attempted by a candidate and
(c) 175 (d) None
there are 6 questions in part B, out of
which any three are to be attempted. In
2. If nC8  nC6 , the value of nC2 is equal to how many ways can the paper be
(a) 91 (b) 89 attempted
(c) 90 (d) None (a) 700 (b) 55
(c) 15 (d) None
3. If
18 Cr  18 Cr  2 , the value of r is equal to 10. Find the number of ways in which a cricket
team consisting of 11 players can be
(a) 10 (b) 9 selected from 12 players, such that (i)
(c) 8 (d) None include the captain; (ii) exclude the
captain
n Pr  720 and n Cr  120, (a) (i) 1 (ii) 11 (b) (i) 11 (ii) 1
4. If (c) (i) 12 (ii) 11 (d) None
the value of r is equal to
(a) 4 (b) 3 11. A person has 12 friends of whom 8 are
(c) 5 (d) None relatives. In how many ways can he invite
7 guests such that 5 of them are relatives
5. If (a) 50 (b) 62
2n C3 : nC3  11: 1, the vlaue of n is equal to (c) 336 (d) None

(a) 6 (b) 7 12. A box contain 6 red, 5 white and 4 green

(c) 8 (d) None balls. How many selection of three balls
can be made so that one is of each colour
6. If (a) 15 (b) 120
(c) 26 (d) None
n Cr : n Cr1  1 : 2 and
n Cr1 : n Cr 2  2 : 3, 13. A bag contains a mixture of 8 one rupees,
6 fifty paise and 4 twenty five paise coins.
the values of n and r are In how many ways selection of 3 coins can
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 be made so that there is one of each
(c) 1 and 2 (d) None denomination
(a) 52 (b) 192
n  1Cr1 : n Cr : n  1Cr1 : : 11 : 6 : 3, (c) 18 (d) None
7. If
the value of n and r are 14. If 7 distinct things are to be divided in 3
(a) 2 and 5 (b) 5 and 10 groups consisting of 2, 2 and 3 things
(c) 10 and 5 (d) None respectively. The number of ways this can
be done is
8. If (a) 100 (b) 210
100CS  99C5  99CX , (c) 105 (d) None

the value of x is equal to 15. The number of ways in which 12 students

(a) 4 (b) 5 can be equally divided into three groups is
(c) 3 (d) None (a) 5775 (b) 7565
(c) 7575 (d) None

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
16. The number of ways in which 15 mangoes 23. A committee of 6 members is to be
can be equally divided among 3 students chosen from 5 C.A., 4 Economist and 3
is Cost Accountants. The number of ways
15! 15! can this be done if in the committee there
(a) (b)
5! 4
5!3 must be at least one member from each
group and at least 3 C.A. is
15! (a) 600 (b) 360
(c) (d) None
5!2 (c) 620 (d) None

24. An examination paper consists of 12

17. In how many ways can 15 things be questions divided into parts A and B. Part
divided into three groups containing 8, 4 A contains 7 questions and part B
and 3 things respectively. contains 5 question. A candidate is
15! required to attempt 8 questions selecting
(a) (b) 15!
8!.4!.3! at least 3 from each part. The number of
(c) 7! (d) None maximum ways can the candidate select
the question is :
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEMS (a) 140 (b) 240
(c) 420 (d) None
18. Out of 7 gents and 4 ladies a committee of
25. In a paper from 2 groups of 5 questions
5 is to be formed. The number of
each you have to answer any 6 questions
committees such that each committee
attempting atleast 2 questions from each
include at least one lady is
group. This is possible in ………… ways
(a) 240 (b) 144
(a) 200 (b) 155
(c) 441 (d) None
(c) 105 (d) None
19. Five bulbs of which three are defective are
26. A man has 7 relatives, 4 of them are
to be trialed in two light points in a dark
ladies and 3 are gentlemen. His wife has
room. The number of trials the room shall
also 7 relatives, 3 of them are ladies and 4
be lighted
are gentlemen. The number of ways can
(a) 10 (b) 7
they invite a dinner party of 3 ladies and 3
(c) 3 (d) None
gentlemen so that there are 3 man’s
relatives and 3 wife’s relatives is
20. Out of six teachers and four boys, a
(a) 485 (b) 584
committee of 8 is to be formed. In how
(c) 458 (d) None
many ways can this be done when there
should not be less than 4 teachers in the
27. Out of 10 electric bulbs three are defective
committee
but it is not known which are defective. In
(a) 45 (b) 114
how many ways three bulbs can be
(c) 111 (d) None
selected. How many of these selections
will include at least one defective bulbs.
21. In how many ways can a team of 11
(a) 100, 85 (b) 120, 85
cricketers be chosen from 8 batsman and
(c) 85, 120 (d) None
6 bowlers to give a majority of batsman if
at least 3 bowlers are to be included
28. In an election, a voter may vote for any
(a) 1224 (b) 1422
number of candidates not greater than the
(c) 1242 (d) None
member to be chosen. There are seven
candidates and four members are to be
22. A committee of 5 members is to be
chosen. The number of ways can a person
selected from among 6 boys and 5 girls.
vote is
The number of ways of selecting the
(a) 70 (b) 89
committee, if it is to consist of at least 1
(c) 98 (d) None
boy and 1 girl
(a) 454 (b) 545
29. How many combinations can be formed of
(c) 455 (d) None
8 counters marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
taking them 4 at a time, there being at

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
least one odd and one even counter in holding a lower Court. In how many ways
each combination can it give a majority decision reversing a
(a) 80 (b) 86 lower Court.
(c) 68 (d) None (a) 256 (b) 172, 84
(c) 84, 172 (d) None
30. A person has 7 friends. The number of
ways in which he may invite one or more 37. A Supreme Court bench consist of 5
of them to a dinner is Judges. In how many ways, the bench can
(a) 129 (b) 127 give a majority decision. Also calculate the
(c) 128 (d) None way of negation not affecting the decision.
(a) 16, 15 (b) 15, 16
31. The number of ways a person can (c) 16, 16 (d) None
contribute to a fund out of one ten-rupee
note, one five-rupee note, 1 two-rupee 38. Eight guests have to be seated, 4 on each
note and 1 one-rupee note is side of a long rectangular table, 2
(a) 15 (b) 16 particular guests desire to sit on one side
(c) 8 (d) None of the table and 3 others on the another
side. The number of ways in which the
ADVANCED PROBLEMS selection can be made is
(a) 4 (b) 3
32. Every person shakes hands with each (c) 5 (d) None
other in a party and the total number of
shakes is 66. the number of guests in the 39. The way of selecting 4 letters from the
party is word EXAMINATION is
(a) 12 (b) 11 (a) 136 (b) 133
(c) 10 (d) None (c) 236 (d) None

33. There are 25 candidates which includes 5 GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS

from scheduled caste, for 12 vacancies. If
3 vacancies are reserved for scheduled 40. How many triangles can be formed by
caste candidates and the remaining joining 12 points, 7 of which are in the
vacancies are open to all, the number of same straight line
ways in which the selections can be made (a) 220 (b) 255
is (c) 185 (d) None
(a) 5 C3  22 C9 (b) 5 C3  20 C9
41. The number of diagonals can be drawn in
(c) 5 C3  22 C12 (d) None a plane figure of 16 sides is
(a) 104 (b) 120
34. A boy has 3 library tickets and 8 books of (c) 16 (d) None
his interest in the library. Of these 8, he
does not want to borrow Mathematics Part 42. The number of triangles can be formed by
II unless Mathematics Part I is also joining the vertices of an octagon is
borrowed. In how many ways can he (a) 56 (b) 65
choose the three books to be borrowed (c) 336 (d) None
(a) 29 (b) 210
(c) 41 (d) None 43. The number of diagonals is a decagon is
(a) 35 (b) 30
35. In how many ways can a committee of 3 (c) 34 (d) None
ladies and 4 gents be chosen from 8
ladies and 7 gents. What is the number of PERMUTATION & COMBINATION
ways if Miss X refuses to serve if Mr. Y is
a member 44. 3 ladies and 3 gents can be seated at a
(a) 91, 511 (b) 1960, 1540 round table so that any two and only two
(c) 1960, 2380 (d) None of the ladies sit together. The number of
ways is
36. In how many different ways can the (a) 13 (b) 24
Supreme Court give a 6 to 3 decision up- (c) 72 (d) None

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
45. The number of permutations of 10
different things taken 4 at a time in which
two particular things never occurs is
(a) 224 (b) 1680
(c) 1344 (d) None

46. The number of different words that can be

formed with 12 consonants and 5 vowels
by taking 4 consonants and 3 vowels in
each word is
(a) 12 C4  5 C3 (b) 17 C7
(c) 4950 x 7! (d) None

47. Eighteen guests have to be seated, 9 on

each side of a long rectangular table, 4
particular guests desire to sit on one side
of the table and three others on the
another side. The number of ways in
which the sitting arrangement can be
made is
(a) 11C5  9! (b) 11C5  9!
2

(c) 18 C5  9!
2
(d) None

ANSWER KEY
1(b) 2(a) 3(c) 4(b) 5(a) 6(b)
7(c) 8(a) 9(a) 10(b) 11(c) 12(b)
13(b) 14(b) 15(a) 16(b) 17(a) 18(c)
19(b) 20(a) 21(a) 22(c) 23(b) 24(c)
25(a) 26(a) 27(b) 28(c) 29(c) 30(b)
31(a) 32(a) 33(a) 34(c) 35(b) 36(c)
37(a) 38(b) 39(a) 40(c) 41(a) 42(a)
43(d) 44(c) 45(b) 46(c) 47(b)

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Arithmetic & Geometric progression
th
nth term of an AP Q10. If the m term of an A.P. is (1/n) and the
th th
n term is (1/m), then its (mn) term is –
Q1. The tenth term of the A.P. 357, 363, (a) – mn (b) – 1
369, ………… is – (c) 1 (d)
1
(a) 423 (b) 417 mn
(c) 411 (d) None Q11. Five times the fifth term of an A.P. is
equal to six times the sixth term of the
rd
Q2. 23 term of the A.P. 7, 5, 3, 1, …is – A.P., what is the value of the eleventh
(a) – 51 (b) 53 term?
(c) 37 (d) – 37 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 5 (d) 6
Q3. Which term of the A.P. 5, 8, 11, 14, ….
is 320 ? Sum of an AP
th th
(a) 104 (b) 105
th th
(c) 106 (d) 64 . Q12. If 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + …. + x = 148, then
the value of x is –
Q4. Which term of the A.P. 64, 60, 56, 52, (a) 8 (b) 36
….. is zero ? (c) 42 (d) 48
th th
(a) 16 (b) 17
th th
(c) 15 (d) 14 Q13. The sum of the series (101 + 99 + 97 +
th th …. + 47) is –
Q5. The 5 and 13 term of an A.P. are 5 (a) 1964 (b) 2072
and –13 respectively. The first term of (c) 2130 (d) None
the A.P. is–
(a) 3 (b) 14 Q14. The sum of the series 1 + 7 + 3 + 10 + 5
(c) –15 (d) 9. + 13 + 7 +16 + …. to 30 terms is –
(a) 645 (b) 935
Q6. If (k + 1), 3k and (4k + 2) be any three (c) 862 (d) None
consecutive terms of an A.P., then the
value of k is – Q15. How many terms of the A.P. 21, 18, 15,
(a) 3 (b) 0 12 … will give the sum zero ?
(c) 1 (d) 2. (a) 16 (b) 13
(c) 12 (d) 15
nth term of an AP- Advanced
Q16. How many terms of the A.P. 3, 6, 9, 12,
Q7. Which term of the A.P. 19, 15, …… must be taken to make the sum
1 2 108?
18 , 17 , ….is the first negative term? (a) 8 (b) 12
5 5
(a) 20
th
(b) 23
rd (c) 9 (d) 11
th th
(c) 25 (d) 18 2 3
Q17. The value of 2 log x + 2 log x + 2 log x
n
Q8.
th
The m term of an A.P. is n and its n
th + ………. + 2 log x will be
2
th
term is m. Its p term is – (a) (n + 1) log x
(a) m + n + p (b) m + n – p (b) n (n+1) log x
1
(c) m – n + p (d) None (c) n n  1log x
th
2
 
Q9. If m times the m term of an A.P. is 1 2
th
equal to n times its n term, then its (m (d) n  1 log x
th
+ n) term is – 2
1
(a) (m  n)
rd th
(b) – (m + n) Q18. In an A.P., 3 term is 18 and 7 term is
2 30. The sum of its 17 terms is –
(c) 0 (d) None (a) 600 (b) 612

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
(c) 624 (d) None 1
(c) 3 (d)
th 3
Q19. The second and 7 terms of an A.P. are th
Q28. If the m term of an A.P. is (1/n) and its
2 and 22 respectively. The sum of its th
n term is (1/m), then the sum of mn
first 35 terms is –
terms is –
(a) 2160 (b) 2240
1
(c) 2310 (d) None (a) – (m + n) (b) (mn + 1)
2
Q20. The first and fifth terms of an A.P. are – (c) 2(m + n) (d) None
14 and 2 respectively and the sum of its
n terms is 40. the value of n is – Q29. The ratio between the sum of n terms of
(a) 12 (b) 8 two arithmetical progressions is
th
(c) 10 (d) 13 (7n+1):(4n + 27). The ratio of their 11
term is –
Q21. The sum of first 13 terms of an A.P. is (a) 124 : 105 (b) 136 : 117
21 and the sum of first 21 terms is 13. (c) 148 : 111 (d) None
The sum of first 34 terms is –
(a) 34 (b) – 34 Q30. The sum of an arithmetic progression
(c) 68 (d) – 17 whose first terms is ‘a’, the second term
is ‘b’ and the last term is ‘c’ is equal to –
Sum of an AP- ADVANCED (a)
a  bb  c  2a 
2b  a
2
Q22. The sum of n terms of an A.P. is (3n +
2n). Its common difference is – (b)
 b  c  a  b  2c 
(a) 5 (b) 6 2 c  a 
(c) – 3 (d) – 5
(c)
 a  c  b  c  2a 
Q23. The sum of n terms of an A.P. is given
2 th 2b  a 
by Sn = (3n + 4n). Its r term is –
(a) (4r + 3)
2
(b) 3r + 4r)
(d)
 a  c  b  a  2c 
(c) (5r + 2) (d) (6r + 1)
2b  a 
Q24. The sum of first p terms of an A.P. is q
and the sum of first q terms is p. The Q31. A man borrows Rs.840 and agrees to
sum of first (p + q) terms is – repay with a total interest of Rs.240 in
(a) p + q (b) 0 12 instalments, each instalment being
(c) – (p + q) (d) –2 (p + q) less than the preceding by Rs.8. His first
instalment will be
Q25. If the sum of p terms of an A.P. is the (a) Rs.24 (b) Rs.124
same as the sum of its q terms, then the (c) Rs.134 (d) Rs.114
sum of its (p + q) term is–
(a) 1 (b) 0 FORMATION OF SERIES
(c) 2 (p+q) (d) None
Q32. How many two digit numbers are there
Q26. If S1, S2, S3 be the sum of n, 2n and 3n which are divisible by 5?
terms respectively of an A.P. and (S2 - (a) 25 (b) 23
S1) = kS3, then the value of k is – (c) 27 (d) 18
1
(a) (b) 2
2 Q33. How many two digit numbers are there
1 which are divisible by 7?
(c) (d) 3 (a) 14 (b) 15
3
(c) 13 (d) 12
Q27. The sum of first 7 terms of an A.P. is 10
and that of next 7 terms is 17. The
Q34. How many numbers are there between
common difference of the A.P. is –
103 and 750 which are divisible by 6?
1 (a) 125 (b) 108
(a) (b) 7
7 (c) 113 (d) 107

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
th
Q35. The sum of all 2 digit numbers which are (c) 8 (d) None
odd is –
(a) 2475 (b) 2530 1
(c) 4905 (d) 5049 , x1 , x 2 , 9 are in G.P.,
Q47. 3
Q36. The sum of first 64 natural numbers is – then the value of x 2 is
(a) 2015 (b) 2080 (a) 6 (b) 1
(c) 1974 (d) None (c) 3 (d) cant be cal.
Q37. The sum of all two-digit numbers is – Q48. If (k – 1), (2k + 1), (6k + 3) are in G.P.,
(a) 4750 (b) 4895 then the value of k is –
(c) 4905 (d) None (a) 7 (b) 4
(c) – 2 (d) 0
Q38. The sum of all odd numbers between 36
and 120 is – Q49. The third term of a G.P. is 4. The
(a) 3276 (b) 3157 product of its first five terms is –
(c) 3040 (d) None (a) 3072 (b) 2048
(c) 1024 (d) cannot be determine
Q39. The sum of all odd numbers between
100 and 200 is – Q50.
th th
If the 4 and 9 terms of a G.P. be 54
(a) 6200 (b) 6500 and 13122 respectively, then its second
(c) 7500 (d) 3750 term is –
(a) 6 (b) 12
Q40. The sum of all positive integral multiples (c) 18 (d) None
of 3 less than 100 is –
(a) 1584 (b) 1665 Q51.
th th
The (m+n) and (m-n) terms of a G.P.
(c) 1683 (d) None. th
are p and q respectively. The m term of
the G.P. is –
Q41. The sum of all even natural numbers
lying between 300 and 400 is – (a) pq (b) pq
3/2
(a) 17500 (b) 17150 (c) p.q (d) None
(c) 16940 (d) None
th th th
Q52. If p , q and r terms of a G.P. be a, b,
(q – r) (r – p) (p – q)
Q42. The sum of first n natural numbers is – c respectively, then a b c =
(a) n (n + 1) (b) n (n – 1) ?
1 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) n (n + 1) (d) None (c) – 1 (d) None
2

nth term of an GP Sum of a GP

Q43.
th
The 8 term of the G.P. 7,14,28,56… is Q53. The common ratio of a finite geometric
(a) 448 (b) 896 series is 3 and its last term is 486. If the
(c) 1792 (d) None sum of these n terms be 728, the first
term of the series is –
Q44.
th
The 8 term of the G.P. 2, 6, 18, 54,..is? (a) 4 (b) 3
(a) 2187 (b) 1098 (c) 2 (d) None
(c) 3682 (d) 4374 n
Q54. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. is (2 –
Q45. How many terms are there in the G.P. 1), then its common ratio is –
(a) 2 (b) 3
1
16, 8, 4......... ........ ? 1 1
16 (c) (d) 
2 2
(a) 9 (b) 8
(c) 10 (d) None th n
Q55. If n term of a G.P. is 2 , the sum of its 6
terms is –
Q46. Which term of the G.P. 5,10,20,40….is
(a) 126 (b) 124
1280 ?
th th (c) 190 (d) 254
(a) 10 (b) 9
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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Q56. A ball is dropped from a height 144 m  3 
and its rebounds to two-third of the (c)  2  
 (d) None
height from which it falls. If it continues  2
to fall and rebound this way, how far will
it travel totally before coming to rest? Q63. If S1, S2, S3 …., Sp denote the sums of
(a) 480 m (b) 640 m infinite geometric series whose first
(c) 720 m (d) 800 m terms are 1, 2, 3, …, p respectively and
whose common ratios are
Q57. 5 + 55 + 555 +…. to 10 terms is – 1 1 1 1
, , , ...., respectively, then S1
(a)
5

 1011  100  2 3 4 p  1
81 + S2 + S3 + ------ + Sp = k p (p + 3),
(b)
5
81

 109  100  where k = ?
1 1
(a) (b)
 
5 2 3
(c)  10 9  91 pp  1
81 (c) (d) None
(d) None of these 2
Q64. If x > 0 and log2x+
Infinite GP log 2 x  log 2 4
x  log 2 8
x  log 2 16
x
Q58. If x = 1 + a + a + …. ,
2 .........  4, then x equals
y = 1 + b + b + …. ,
2

where  a  < 1 and  b  < 1, then (a) 5 (b) 4

1 ab  a 2b 2  ....    (c) 3 (d) 2

xy xy AM/GM
(a) (b)
xy xy
xy xy Q65. The arithmetic mean between 14 and 18
(c) (d) is –
x  y 1 x  y 1
(a) 16 (b) 15
(c) 17 (d) 32
If y = x + x + x + …. , then x = ?
2 3
Q59.
y y  an  1  bn  1 
(a) (b)
1 y  1  y  Q66. If   is the arithmetic mean
 an  bn 
 
1
(c) (d) None between unequal numbers a and b, then
y the value of n is –
(a) 0 (b) 1
….  = ?
1/2 1/4 1/8
Q60. 6 .6 .6 (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) 6 (b) 36
(c) 216 (d)  Q67. The A.M. of two numbers is 34 and their
G.M. is 16 the numbers are –
Q61. If the sum of an infinitely decreasing (a) 60, 8 (b) 64, 4
G.P. is 3 and the sum of the squares of (c) 56, 12 (d) 52, 16
its terms is (9/2), then the sum of the
cubes of these terms is – Q68. The arithmetic mean between two
105 108 positive numbers a and b (a > b), is
(a) (b) twice their geometric mean. Then, a:b=?
  
13 13
729 (a) 3  2 : 3  2
(b) 2  3 : 2  3 
(c) (d) None
8
Q62. The sum of infinite series (c) 2 : 3
 2  1  1   2 1  .....  is – (d) None
(a) 4  3 2  (b) 3  4 2  Q69. If a, b, c are in A.P., x and y are the
G.M.’s between a, b and b, c

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
2
respectively, then the A.M. between x
2
and y is equal to
2
(a) 1 (b) a
2 2
(c) b (d) c

ANSWER KEY
1(c) 2(d) 3(c) 4(b) 5(b) 6(a)
7(c) 8(b) 9(c) 10(c) 11(a) 12(b)
13(b) 14(a) 15(d) 16(a) 17(b) 18(b)
19(c) 20(c) 21(b) 22(b) 23(d) 24(c)
25(b) 26(c) 27(a) 28(b) 29(c) 30(c)
31(c) 32(d) 33(c) 34(d) 35(a) 36(b)
37(c) 38(a) 39(c) 40(c) 41(b) 42(c)
43(b) 44(d) 45(a) 46(b) 47(c) 48(b)
49(c) 50(a) 51(b) 52(b) 53(c) 54(a)
55(a) 56(c) 57(a) 58(d) 59(b) 60(a)
61(b) 62(c) 63(a) 64(d) 65(a) 66(a)
67(b) 68(b) 69(c)

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
Mathematics of finance

BASIC TERMS

 Interest

Interest is the price paid by the borrower to the lender for the use of his/her money for a
specific period of time.

 Principle (P)

It is the initial value of lending or borrowing i.e. the initial value which is invested or borrowed
is called Principle.

 Rate of interest

It is the rate which is charged on the principle for a defined period generally on a yearly
basis.

Rate of interest is defined in two ways-

1. Rate of interest in percentage terms(R): here rate is defined in percentage. For

example rate of interest is 5% per annum, which means if you invest some money, you
would earn Rs.5 on every Rs.100 Principle or investment. Per annum means for a year.

2. Rate of interest in decimal (i): Here rate is defined in decimal. For above example, rate
of interest in decimal is 0.05. Rate of Interest is generally given in Percentage terms; it
has to be converted into decimal form by dividing Rate of interest in Percentage by 100
in order to solve problems.

 Accumulated amount or Amount (A):

It is the final value of an investment which is the sum total of principle and the interest.
Mathematically, A = P + I
where, A is the Amount, P is the principle, I is the interest

SIMPLE INTEREST (S.I.)

For a whole period, when the interest is charged only on initial value of investment or borrowing,
that interest is known as Simple Interest. In other words, for simple interest, principle remains
same for the entire period of time.

Mathematically-

P r t
S .I . 
100

where P: Principle,
r: rate of interest (in %),
t: time period (in yrs.)

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
COMPOUND INTEREST (C.I.)

In this Principle does not remain constant i.e. compound interest is calculated on both
accumulated interest and initial value of investment after some specified period of time.

Mathematically-

A  P(1  i)n

where A = Amount,
P = Principle,
r
i=
100m
n = mt
r = rate of interest (in %)
m = number of times interest is compounded in a year

Now,

C.I .  A  P

 Conversion Period:- is the period after which interest is compounded. It may be annually,
semi annually, quarterly or monthly.
If the interest is compounded annually; conversion period per year is 1 (i.e. m = 1)
If the interest is compounded semi annually, conversion period per year is 2 (i.e. m = 2)
If the interest is compounded quarterly, conversion period per year is 4 (i.e. m = 4)
If the interest is compounded monthly, conversion period per year is 12 (i.e. m = 12)

EFFECTIVE RATE OF INTEREST

Effective Rate of interest is the interest equivalent to annual rate of interest compounded
annually when the interest is actually compounded more than once in a year.

Mathematically-

re  (1  i)m  1

where re : Effective Rate of interest

ANNUITY

 Meaning:

Annuity is the sequence of periodic payments or receipts regularly over a period of time. To
be called a annuity, it has to satisfy two conditions.
1. Payments or Receipts must be same over a specified period of time.
2. Time period must be same between two consecutive Payments or Receipts.

Examples of Annuity- Monthly home rent, equally monthly installments (EMI) for home loan,
Education Loan, Auto loan etc.
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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
 Types of Annuity:

Annuity is of two types:-

1. Annuity regular:
Here, sequence of periodic Payments or Receipts is taken place at the end of period.

2. Annuity due or immediate:

Here, sequence of periodic Payments or Receipts is taken place at the starting of period.

 Note: In a Problem, if annuity type is not specified, we consider it the problem of annuity
regular.

FUTURE VALUE

Future value is the tomorrow’s value of today’s money.

Mathematically:

FV  P(1  i)n

where F.V: Future value

 Future value of annuity:-

a) Future value of annuity regular: Future value of annuity when the payments or
receipts are done at the end of the period known as future value of annuity regular.

Mathematically-

 (1  i ) n  1 
Future value of annuity regular= A  
 i 

b) Future value of annuity due or immediate: Future value of annuity when the
payments or receipts are done at the starting of the period known as future value of
annuity due or immediate.

Mathematically-

 (1  i) n  1
Future value of annuity due or immediate = A   (1  i)
 i 

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CLASS NOTES ON CPT- MATHS CA AMIT GUPTA
PRESENT VALUE

Today’s value of tomorrow’s money is known as Present value.

Mathematically: -
PV  FV (1  i) n

 Present value of annuity-

a) Present value of annuity regular: Present value of annuity when the payments or
receipts are done at the end of the period known as present value of annuity regular.

Mathematically-

1  (1  i ) n 
Present value of annuity regular= A  
 i 

b) Present value of annuity due or immediate: Present value of annuity when the
payments or receipts are done at the starting of the period known as present value of
annuity due or immediate.

Mathematically-

1  (1  i)  n 1 
Present value of annuity due or immediate= A   1
 i 

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