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Cancer Cell Cycle

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lauravilasboas2008
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20 views

Cancer Cell Cycle

Uploaded by

lauravilasboas2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cancer cell cycle

1.Why is cell division important for both single-celled and multicellular


organisms? Because cell division is the only way single cell organisms can reproduce.
Multicellular cells need cell division to grow and replace dead or damaged cells.

2. Why does cell division remain important to an adult organism even after it is
fully developed? To repair or regenerate tissues, like new blood and skin cells that are
constantly being produced.

3.Cells divide, differentiate, or die. What is differentiation? Differentiation refers to the


process of developing into a more specialized form and function.

4. What is apoptosis? What is its purpose? Apoptosis is programmed cell death, its
purpose is to eliminate unnecessary cells during development and remove damaged cells in the
mature organism.

5. What are cell cycle regulators? Cell cycle regulators are key factors for the control of
proliferation and cell survival.

6. What happens if cell cycle regulators don't function properly? If regulators don’t
function properly, an organism may end up with too few or too many cells.

7. Cells go through periods of growth and division. Cell division occurs during
The rest of the cell cycle is called interphase, during which a cell grows and
replicates its DNA.

8. Fill in the details about what happens during the three phases of interphase
labeled in the diagram. G1 involves cell growth and protein synthesis, the S phase involves
DNA replication and the replication of the centrosome, and G2 involves further growth and
protein synthesis.

9. In general, what is the purpose of a checkpoint in the cell cycle? Cell cycle
checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the
major events of the cell cycle.
10. What is the G0 phase of the cell cycle? a. Which factors determine whether a
cell enters G0? b. Can cells leave G0? The phase of the cell cycle during which a cell is
neither dividing nor preparing to divide. Growth factors, as well as nutrients, are some of the
limiting factors that determine the fate of a particular cell. Cells can remain in the G0 phase from
days to years.

11. What are cell cycle regulators? a. Stimulating proteins are encoded by
proto-oncogenes Examples include: Cdks, cyclins, and the APC/C b. Inhibitory proteins
are encoded by tumor suppressor genes Examples include: INK4 and PTEN

12. Cancer is the result of an improperly regulated cell cycle. Describe two
reasons why cells can form tumors. Too little cell death and too much cell division.
Tumors can be stated as when an abnormal and rapid growth occurs in the mass of cells.

13. In some types of colon cancer, stem cells have a mutation in the APC gene.
What happens if the APC gene is mutated? It leads to an increased growth of colorectal
cells because of the loss of this “brake” on cell growth.

14. Normally, proto-oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. What are oncogenes and
how do they affect the cell cycle? a. To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require
both allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered ______________________ .
The mutation results in a loss of function.

15. Normally, tumor suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. How do mutated
tumor suppressor genes affect the cell cycle? a. To cause cancer, tumor
suppressor genes require two allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered
recessive. The mutation results in a loss of function.

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