e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

Volume:03/Issue:07/July-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

STUDY AND DESIGN OF 4-STROKE IC ENGINE PARTS IN CATIAV5

Suhas Deshpande*1, Dr. M. C. Navindgi*2, Prof. V. B. Hippargi*3
*1Undergraduate Scholar, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Poojya Doddappa Appa College Of
Engineering,Kalaburagi, India.
*2Professor, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Poojya Doddappa Appa College Of Engineering,
Kalaburagi, India.
*3Associate Professor, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Poojya Doddappa Appa College Of
Engineering, Kalaburagi, India.
ABSTRACT
Internal Combustion is a heat engine, whose input is heat energy which is derived by fuel combustion and the
output is mechanical energy [1]. In such engines, the piston reciprocates inside the walls of engine cylinder to
perform 4 different strokes and the piston motion, makes the crankshaft to rotate. The purpose of this work is
to, have an overview of IC engine parts, then design those parts in CATIAV5 software and assemble it. An
attempt, is made to draft, by giving tolerance and GD&T.
Keywords: IC Engine, Piston, Crankshaft, CATIAV5, Draft.
I. INTRODUCTION
4-Stroke IC engine is reciprocating type whose base is engine block. The engine block contains cylinder and
inside that cylinder piston, and crankshaft are connected by connecting rod. The connecting rod is held in
position by piston pin or gudgeon pin.
One working cycle consists of 2 revolutions of crankshaft of 4 strokes of the piston. These strokes are
1. Suction Stroke
2. Compression stroke
3. Expansion Stroke
4. Exhaust Stroke
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CATIAV5
CATIA owned by Dassault System, is a versatile and user-friendly design software, which is being used in many
fields. CATIA can be used to design both Parametric and Non-Parametric designs. CATIA can be used to design
2D and 3D objects with minimal time and maximum accuracy. It can also be used for CAE and CAM. Some of the
different workbenches are:
 Sketcher
 Part Design
 Surface Design
 Assembly Design
 DMU Kinematics
 Sheet Metal Design
 Drafting
II. RELATED WORK
Mr. Siddharth Boon, Dr. R. C. Singh and Dr. Rajiv Chaudhary [2] have conducted a study on crankshaft by
displaying the component in CATIAV5 and they carried out examinations in ANSYS software.
In 2017 Mr. M. M. Kasod and Prof. S. J. Harihar have carried out studies by designing and assembling 4-cylinder
engine components [3].
Mr. B Krishna Kanth [4] have designed and analyzed connecting rod. Parametric model of connecting rod was
modelled in CATIA and analysis was carried out in ANSYS 13.0 software. They have conducted Finite Element
Analysis by considering C70 Steel.
In 2019, Design and analysis was carried out on Four Stroke Engine Piston by Mr.K. Sivaramakrishnan,
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:07/July-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com
G. Jithendra, and V. Ajith kumar [5]. They have analyzed in ANSYS, by using different materials like Aluminum,
Cast iron on the same piston dimensions.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
In mid of 1860’s Nicolaus Otto designed a working 4-stroke engine. The fuel he used was gas-air mixture. Karl
Benz in 1885, designed and built practical automobile which is powered by Internal Combustion Engine. The
fashionable electric hybrid application uses Atkinson cycle was invented by James Atkinson in 1882. He used
single stroke internal combustion engine. Power density was the currency for efficiency. Greater thermal
efficiency was achieved, thanks to the fact that power stroke was longer than its compression stroke. The Diesel
cycle is the fruit of refinement of otto cycle.

Design of Engine parts in Part

Design workbench

Assemble in assembly Design

Workbench

Draft the designed parts

Fig-1
In this work, the parts are designed in part design, assembled in assembly design workbench and lastly, drafted
in drafting workbench.
IV. METHODOLOGY
In this work we’ve designed Piston, Piston pin, Connecting Rod and Crankshaft. First, we’ll have a glance at
piston.
PISTON:
In most of the IC engines, trunk type piston is employed which are generally open at one end. It is the heart of IC
engine. The main function of the piston is to transmit the impulse of expanding gas through the connecting rod
to the crankshaft. Piston are often made up of either forged iron, forged aluminum alloy or cast aluminum alloy.
It to be noted that that aluminum-based pistons are light in weight thanks to the very fact that, density of forged
iron is 3-times the density of aluminum. The main parts of the piston are
1. Piston Head
2. Piston Skirt
3. Piston Rings
4. Piston Ribs and
5. Piston Barrel
Piston will be manufactured by casting or forging. Casted pistons are affordable and are used for slower speeds,
whereas the forged pistons are expensive and are used for higher speeds.
As, CATIA provides great flexibility in designing the parts, the piston is designed in part design workbench
itself. The below figure (1&2) shows, the 3D model and drafting of piston. Associated tolerance and Gd&T is
additionally applied.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
Volume:03/Issue:07/July-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

Fig-2

Fig-3
PISTON PIN:
The purpose of the piston pin within the IC engine is to attach the piston with the connecting rod. It’s also called
by the terms, Wrist pin and Gudgeon pin. The piston pin can be in full-floating type or semi-floating type with
the connecting rod [6]. While designing the pin the 2 factors to be considered are
1. Bending consideration and
2. Bearing consideration
Alloy carburized steel is the most common material utilized in making piston pin. After carburizing they’re
hardened and tempered.

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International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
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Fig-4
CONNECTING ROD:
The pull and push forces of the piston pin are transmitted to the crank pin by the connecting rod. The most
common criteria while manufacturing the connecting rod is strength, stiffness and weight. The rod should have
high strength and stiffness at minimum weight. It’s generally manufactured by drop forging. Alloy steels or
medium carbon steels are common materials used for connecting rod. The cross-section may be I-section, H-
section, tubular, circular or rectangular. The mains parts of are big end, small end and Rod. The big end
connects to the crank pin and small end attaches to the gudgeon pin. The connecting rod is meant as a column
or a struct because it is subjected to compressive axial force. As it is a form of column it fails by buckling and
care is to be taken while designing.

Fig-5

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Fig-6
CRANKSHAFT:
It is the mechanical part of the IC engine which converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary
motion. It’s shaft driven by a crank mechanism. The crankshaft should withstand the subjected bending and
twisting moments. Materials used for crank shafts are alloy steels and plain carbon steels. It’s manufactured
either by casting or drop forging. Most of the crankshaft fail because of reversed torsional stresses or repeated
bending. The factor of safety for crankshaft is usually 3 to 4. The crankshaft maybe of center crankshaft or side
crank shaft. It’s connected to the flywheel to scale back the fluctuations and have uniform motion.

Fig-7
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Fig-8
After designing the parts, they’re assembled and using rendering command aesthetics is imparted into the
assembly. A drafting is additionally made as shown within the figure-10.

Fig-9

Fig-10
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Volume:03/Issue:07/July-2021 Impact Factor- 5.354 www.irjmets.com

V. CONCLUSION
In this study, an approach is made to have an overview of IC Engine parts, the essential function, materials
generally preferred, manufacturing process, specification tree of designing, and then drafting with tolerance
and GD&T. Tolerance is very important because we cannot manufacture with 100% accurate dimensions, we
must provide some tolerance, so as to ease the production process, reduce the production cost and thus helps
the industries, to get an appreciable profit margin.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] [Mr. J.B.K. Das and Mr. P.L. Srinivasa Murthy]. A textbook: “Design of Machine Elements-2.”
[2] [Mr. Siddharth Boon, Dr. R. C. Singh and Dr. Rajiv Chaudhary]. “Study of Model of Crankshaft.”
[3] [Mr. M. M. Kasod and Prof. S. J. Harihar] “Design and Assembly of 4 Cylinder Engine Components with
its Thermal and Stress Analysis.”
[4] [Mr. B Krishna Kanth] “Design and Analysis of a Connecting Rod.”
[5] [Mr.K. Sivaramakrishnan, G. Jithendra, and V. Ajith kumar] “Design and Analysis of 4 Stroke Engine
Piston.”

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