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Chapter 3 Nervous System and The Brainll3

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8 views

Chapter 3 Nervous System and The Brainll3

Uploaded by

BAGUITAN Khember P.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3: The Peripheral Nervous System

Introduction
The peripheral nervous system facilitates communication between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest
of the
body through cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
These nerves transmit sensory information to
the central nervous system and convey
messages from the central nervous system to
the body's muscles and glands.

Keep in Mind
Spinal Nerves
Spinal nerves originate at the junction of the
dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord.
They exit the vertebral column and extend to
the muscles or sensory receptors they
innervate, branching out
along the way. Sensory information enters the
spinal cord through afferent axons, located
outside the central nervous system, while
motor information exits through efferent
axons within the gray matter of the spinal
cord.

Cranial Nerves
Twelve pairs of cranial nerves are attached to
the brain's ventral surface, serving sensory and motor functions in the head and neck region.
The vagus nerve regulates thoracic and abdominal organ functions, with branches extending
throughout these cavities. Cranial nerves play a crucial role in transmitting sensory information
to the brain, with different types of neurons involved based on the sensory modality.

The Autonomic Nervous System


The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands,
controlling various involuntary bodily functions. Comprising the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions, the ANS innervates organs to maintain homeostasis. The
sympathetic division activates responses associated with energy expenditure, while the
parasympathetic division supports activities related to energy conservation.

Sympathetic Division of the ANS


The sympathetic division coordinates responses related to energy expenditure, such as
increasing blood flow to muscles, stimulating epinephrine secretion, and causing piloerection.
Sympathetic motor neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
These neurons pass through sympathetic ganglia before reaching target organs, forming a
chain-like structure along the spinal cord.

KCP-CTELA-BSPsych-Theories of
Personality
Kaiza L. Caballero, RPm, LPT
June 18, 2024
Parasympathetic
Division of the ANS
The parasympathetic
division of the ANS
facilitates activities that
conserve energy, including
salivation, digestion, and
increased blood flow to the
gastrointestinal system.
Preganglionic neurons of the
parasympathetic system are
located in cranial nerve nuclei
and the sacral region of the
spinal
cord, earning it the name
"craniosacral system."
Parasympathetic ganglia are
located near target organs,
with short postganglionic
fibers.

In summary, the peripheral


nervous system consists of
spinal and cranial nerves that
transmit sensory and motor
information between the
central nervous system and
the body, while the
autonomic nervous system
regulates involuntary bodily
functions through its
sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions.

KCP-CTELA-BSPsych-Theories of
Personality
Kaiza L. Caballero, RPm, LPT
June 18, 2024

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