A

PROJECT REPORT ON

Sewage treatment plant construction in Bhaktapur, Kathmandu

Submitted to

Rajasthan Technical university, Kota

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

“CIVIL ENGINERRING”

2023-2024

SUBMITTED BY: GUIDED BY: ROHIT SONI

Saurabh Kumar Sah (Professor in civil department)

22ESBCE005

SRI BALAJI COLLAGE OF ENGINNERING AND TECHNOLOGY

BENAD ROAD - JAIPUR, RAJESTHAN

Certificate
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that I, saurabh kumar sah student of Sri Balaji collage of engineering
and technology (Civil)-5th Semester of Roll No. 22ESBCE005 has undergone vocational

khilung kalika construction pvt. Ltd

training in " " as required of FOURTY
FIVE days project semester for the award of degree of B-TECH in Civil and had which is
an authentic record of my work.
If any discrepancy is found regarding the originality of this report, I may be held
responsible. I have not copied from any report submitted earlier this or any other
university. This is purely original and authentic work.

Saurabh kumar sah

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Er. Arav sir (Project
Engineer) for his generous guidance, help, useful suggestions and continuous
encouragement.
I am extremely thankful to Er. Sanjeev Yadav sir (Quality & Control Engineer) for
valuable suggestions, guidance and motivation.
I am also thankful to Prof. Sandeep Sharma, Training and placement officer, Sri
Balaji collage of engineering and technology, Jaipur for providing the opportunity to get
the knowledge.

Saurabh kumar sah

22ESBCE005
 ABSTRACT

This paper presents about the performance of the 37 MLD sewage

treatment plant located in Bhaktapur, Kathmandu along with the design
of the sewage treatment plant and its various components.
With an increase in the population in the city of Ranchi there has
been a huge increase in the generation of wastewater which created a
heavy havoc in the vanity of the city. The entire sewage water once
upon a time was discharged directly into the river. The river, which once
on had clean water, receives million litres per day of sewage water. The
river Jumar is now sarcastically referred as city' sewage drain.
The domestic water produced in the city of Bhaktapur is treated in this
STP reduces the contaminants from the waste water and makes it less
dangerous which is then again discharged into the river Jumar making it
less polluted. The wastewater passes through different processes like
Coarse screens, Fine screens, USAB (Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
digestion) reactors, Detroiter tank and etc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION......................................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT...........................................................................................................................
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................................

[1]
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................................................
1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................
2. PLAN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, RANCHI........................................................................10
3. PROJECT DETAILS.......................................................................................................................11
4. LOCALITY OF STP........................................................................................................................11
5. LABORATORY TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION OF STP..............................................................12
5.1 Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test........................................................................12
5.1.1 Sampling of Cubes for Test...............................................................................................12
5.1.2 Curing of Cubes.................................................................................................................13
5.1.3 Procedure for Concrete Cube Test....................................................................................13
5.1.4 Compressive Strength of Different Grades of Concrete at 7 and 28 Days........................14
5.2 SIEVE ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................15
5.2.1 Sieve Analysis test helps :.................................................................................................16
5.2.2 Sample Preparation..........................................................................................................16
5.2.3 Procedure.........................................................................................................................16
5.2.4 CALCULATIO......................................................................................................................17
5.3 MOISTURE CONTENT...............................................................................................................18
5.3.1 PROCEDURE:.....................................................................................................................18
5.3.2 RESULTS:...........................................................................................................................18
6. SITE FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS........................................................................................19
7. SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS USED DURING CONSTRICTION.......................................................20
7.1 TOTAL STATION.......................................................................................................................20
7.2 AUTO LEVEL.............................................................................................................................21
8. ANALYSES PARAMETERS............................................................................................................22
8.1 pH VALVE.................................................................................................................................22
8.2 DISSOLVED OXYGEN................................................................................................................22
8.3 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS......................................................................................................23
8.4 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND..................................................................................................23
8.5 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND............................................................................................24
8.6 ALKALINITY..............................................................................................................................24
9. TREATMENT OPTIONS...............................................................................................................25
9.1 Primary Treatment Followed By Facultative Aerated Lagoon..................................................25
9.2 Activated Sludge Process.........................................................................................................25
9.3 UASB Followed by Facultative type of Aerated Lagoon...........................................................27
9.4 Facultative Type of Aerated Lagoon........................................................................................28
10. PROCESS UNIT.............................................................................................................................29

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 10.1 Inlet.......................................................................................................................................29
10.2 COARSE SCREEN....................................................................................................................29
10.3 MAIN PUMPING STATION (MPS)...........................................................................................30
10.4 INLET CHAMBER....................................................................................................................31
10.5 FINE SCREENS........................................................................................................................31
10.6 UPFLOW ANAFROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) REACTOR....................................................31
10.7 SLUDGE DEWATERING SYSTEM.............................................................................................32
11. PHOTOGRAPHS OF ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT AT STP............................................................33
12. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION...............................................................................................36
13. RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................37
13. REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................38

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MLD - Million Litres Per Day

[3]
STP - Sewage Treatment Plant
UASB - Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
ASP - Activated Sludge Process
DO - Dissolved Oxygen
COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
TSS - Total Suspended Solids
TOC - Total Organic Solids
SRT - Solids Retention Time
CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board
CCT - Chlorine Contact Tank
EPA - Environment Protection Agency
MPS - Main Pumping Station
FAL - Facultative Aerated lagoons

1. INTRODUCTION

Sewage treatment is a multi-stage process designed to treat

sewage and protect natural water bodies. Municipal sewage contains
various wastes. If improperly collected and improperly treated, this
sewage and its related solids could hurt human health and the
environment.
A treatment plant's primary objectives are to clean the sewage
and meet the plant's discharge standards The treatment plant
personnel do this by reducing the concentrations of solids, organic
matter, nutrients, pathogens and other pollutants in sewage. The plant
must also help protect the receiving water body, which can only absorb
a certain level of pollutants before it begins to degrade, as well as the
human health and environment of its employees and neighbours.

AIM:

[4]
 Sewage treatment is a type of wastewater treatment which aims
to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is
suitable for discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended
reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage
discharges. Sewage contains wastewater from households and
businesses and possibly pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a
high number of sewage treatment processes to choose from. These can
range from decentralized systems to large centralized systems involving
a network of pipes and pump stations which convey the sewage to a
treatment plant.

CHALLENGES:
One of the challenges of sewage treatment is that the volume and
physical, chemical, a limited quantity of pollutants and biological
characteristics of sewage continually change. Some changes are the
temporary results of seasonal, monthly, weekly or daily fluctuations in
the sewage volume and composition. Other changes are long-term,
being the results of alterations in local populations, social
characteristics, economies, and industrial production or technology.

2. PLAN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, RANCHI

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 3. LOCALITY OF STP

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 5.LABORATORY TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION OF STP
5.1 Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test

[7]
  The compressive strength of the concrete cube test
provides an idea about all the characteristics of concrete. By
this single test one judge that whether Concreting has been
done properly or not.
 For cube test specimen used cubes of 150mm x 150mm
x150mm.
 The compression testing machine is used for testing the
compressive strength of concrete.

5.1.1 Sampling of Cubes for Test

1. Clean the mounds and apply oil.

2. Fill the concrete in the Molds in layers approximately 5 cm thick.
3. Compact each layer with not less than 35 strokes per layer using
a tamping rod. Jsjasja
4. Level the top surface and smoothen it with a trowel

5.1.2 Curing of Cubes

 The test specimens are stored in moist air for 24 hours and after
this period the specimens are marked and removed from the
Molds and kept submerged in clear freshwater until taken out
prior to the test.
 The water for curing should be tested every 7 days and the
temperature of the water must be at 27+-20C.

[8]
5.1.3 Procedure for Concrete Cube Test

1. Remove the specimen from the water after specified curing time
and wipe out excess water from the surface.
2. Clean the bearing surface of the testing machine.

3. Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load
shall be applied to the opposite sides of the cube cast.
4. Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the machine.
5. Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so that it touches the
top surface of the specimen.
6. Apply the load gradually without shock and continuously at the
rate of 140 kg/cm2/minute till the specimen fails
7. Record the maximum load and note any unusual features in the
type of failure.
5.1.4 Compressive Strength of Different Grades of Concrete at 7 and 28
Days

Minimum Specified characteristic

Grade of
compressive strength compressive strength
Concrete
N/mm2 at 7 days (N/mm2) at 28 days

M15 10 15

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 M20 13.5 20

M25 17 25

M30 20 30

M35 23.5 35

M40 27 40

M45 30 45

5.2 SIEVE ANALYSIS

 Sieve analysis helps to determine the particle size distribution of the

coarse and fine aggregates. This is done by sieving the aggregates
as per IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963.
 In this we use different sieves as standardized by the IS code and
then pass aggregates through them and thus collect different sized
particles left over different sieves.

[10]
5.2.1 Sieve Analysis test helps:

1. To determine the quality of aggregates based on the size.

2. Select the appropriate size of aggregates for particular construction
work. For example, 40mm aggregates are used for PCC, and 12mm,
20mm aggregates are used in reinforced concrete works.
3. To identify the flaky and irregular shape of aggregates, which is not
suitable for construction works.
5.2.2 Sample Preparation

The weight of sample aggregates is taken as per the below table.

The sample should be clean and dried at 100°C to 110°C in the oven.

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5.2.3 Procedure

1. Weighed the sample by weighing machine.

2. First of all, clean all the sieves using a wire brush to be clear of
aggregates stuck in some gaps.
3. Then we have to prepare the sieves onto the shaking machine
from top to bottom.
4. The sample is sieved by using the set of IS Sieves for 10 minutes.
5. After the sieving is done, the aggregates on each sieve are
weighed individually.
6. Cumulative weight passing through each sieve is calculated as a
percentage of the total sample weight.

5.3 MOISTURE CONTENT

 The moisture content of soil also referred to as water content, is

an indicator of the amount of water present in soil.
 Moisture content is the ratio of the mass of water contained in
the pore spaces of soil to the solid mass of particles in that
material, expressed as a percentage.
 A standard temperature of 110 ± 5°C is used to determine the
mass of the sample.

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5.3.1 PROCEDURE:

1. Clean the container, dry it and weigh it with the lid (Weight
‘W1’).
2. Take the required quantity of the wet soil specimen in the
container and weight it with the lid (Weight ‘W2’).
3. Place the container, with its lid removed, in the oven till its
weight becomes constant (Normally for 24hrs.).
4. When the soil has dried, remove the container from the oven,
using tongs.
Find the weight ‘W3’ of the container with the lid and the dry
soil sample.

5.3.2 RESULTS:

The water content = (W2-W3)/(W3-W1) x100%

6. SITE FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS

The following are the points to be considered at the time of its

final selection:
1. The available foundation soil should be good for various
sewage treatment units to rest firmly on the ground and
thus, to grant the structural stability to them.
2. The general slope of the site should neither be too steep nor
too flat. It will assist in placing various treatment units at

[13]
 such levels that the sewage may flow from one unit to the
other by gravity only.
3. The general slope of the site should be the lowest level area
of the town or city that the sewage from the entire town or
city can be collected and conveyed by gravity only.
4. The location of site should be appropriate with respect to the
method of sewage treatment to be adopted for the project.
5. The location of the site should be such that enough area is
available nearby when it becomes necessary in future to
expand the existing project.
6. The proximity of water course near the site or enough waste
land for irrigation will be considered as an advantage.
7. The site should be safe from floods for all the time.
8. The site should be situated on the leeward side of wind so
that the undesirable odours will be prevented from entering
the town or city.
9. The site should not be, as far as possible, far away from the
city or town.

[14]
 7. SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS USED DURING CONSTRICTION

7.1 TOTAL STATION

 A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in

modern surveying and building construction that uses
electronic transit theodolite in conjunction with electronic
distance meter.
 It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data
collector and storage system.
 During construction I have been used it only for Co-ordinate
measurement.

7.2 AUTO LEVEL

 Auto level is an optical instrument used to establish or verify points

in the same horizontal plane.
 It is used in surveying and building with a vertical staff to measure
height differences and to transfer, measure and set heights.
 The level instrument is set up on a tripod and, depending on the
type, either roughly or accurately set to a levelled condition using
foot screws.
 We look through the eyepiece of the telescope while an assistant
holds a tape measure or graduated staff vertical at the point under
measurement. The instrument and staff are used to gather or
transfer levels during site surveys or building construction.

8. ANALYSES PARAMETERS
The sewage water samples are taken after treatment with the
sewage treatment plant and the following parameters are analysed:

8.1 pH VALVE

The pH value of the sewage water is determined by using an

instrument known as pH pen. The pH value of sewage water generally
varies form 5.9 -9.0 as per the design of the plant. Initially the pH pen is
dipped into the distilled water and then into the buffer solution to

[15]
calibrate the pH pen (i.e. pH= 7.00). After the pH pen is calibrated, the
pen accepts the value of pH equal to 7.00. After calibrating the pH pen,
it is then dipped into the sample of sewage water. The pH is completed
when the pH pen shows a stable reading. After this the value of the pH
is recorded.

8.2 DISSOLVED OXYGEN

The determination of the quantity of dissolved oxygen present in the
sewage water is determined by using DO meter. Simultaneously DO
meter also displays the temperature of the sample. DO meter is
provided with a probe which consist of Kill solution and membrane's
filter paper. It includes a magnet inside a box on which the sample is
placed for testing.

8.3 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is the dry-weight of suspended particles

that are not dissolved in a sample of water that can be trapped by a
filter. It is a water quality parameter used to assess the quality of a
specimen of any type of water.

[16]
8.4 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is defined as the amount of

oxygen required for the decomposition of organic matter present in the
sewage water and the oxidation of inorganic chemicals. The amount of
COD present in the sewage water is determined using Digestor. COD
measures organic matter by using a chemical oxidant. It's critical that a
strong enough oxidant is used to react with virtually all organic material
in the sample.

8.5 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

Bio chemical oxygen demand (BOD) is defined as the amount of

dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down
organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature
over a specific time period. It is most commonly expressed in mg/lit.

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8.6 ALKALINITY
Alkalinity can be defined as the ability of a water to neutralize
acid or to absorb hydrogen ions. It is the sum of all acid neutralizing
bases. In municipal waste water the factors that contribute to alkalinity
include type of dissolved inorganic and organic compounds present in
the water, the amount of suspended organic matter in the water. To
determine the alkalinity of sewage water the following procedure is
followed in the plant.

9. TREATMENT OPTIONS

There are various treatment options available for the treatment of

the sewage water. Various treatment options that are considered for
techno-economic evaluation are as under-
1) Primary treatment Followed by Facultative Aerated Lagoon.
2) Activated Sludge Process

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 3) UASB followed by short detention Aerated Lagoon
4) Figurative Aerated Lagoon

9.1 Primary Treatment Followed by Facultative

Aerated Lagoon
The scheme included following units-
a) screening
b) DE gritting
c) Sedimentation
d) Sludge digestion
e) Biological Oxidation using aerated lagoons
f) Sludge drying

9.2 Activated Sludge Process

The activated sludge is mixed with raw or partially treated
sewage. The sewage is given the usual primary treatments in the
activated sludge process. When activated sludge is mixed properly with
sewage containing ample or sufficient quantity of oxygen, the micro-
organisms present in the activated sludge multiply rapidly. As a result
of the phenomena, the following effects take place:
1. Organic solids present in sewage are rapidly oxidized, and
2. Suspended and colloidal matters coagulants and they form
a readily settle able precipitate.

After such precipitate settles down, the effluent which is obtained

is clear and sparkling. The effluents contain very low amount of organic
matter and it is generally not given any further treatment except
chlorination in some cases. A portion of settled sludge is sent for
recirculation and the remaining part is sent to the sludge digestion
tanks. The digestion sludge is harmless and it does not produce any
nuisance.
An Activated Sludge Process (ASP) is a type of Aerobic Suspended
Growth system. The ASP plant essentially consist of the following:
1. Aeration Tank containing micro-organisms in suspension in
which the reaction takes place.
2. Activated sludge recirculation system to maintain the
sufficient micro-organisms in Aeration Tank.
3. Excess Sludge wasting and disposal facilities
4. Aeration system to transfer oxygen, and
5. Secondary Settling tank to separate and thicken activated
sludge.
6. Gas Digester for gas production and Gas holder for gas
storage.

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 This option consists of the following treatment units:
1. Inlet Chamber
2. Fine screens
3. Detractor tank
4. Primary clarifier
5. Aeration tanks
6. Secondary clarifiers
7. Sludge Pumping Stations
8. Filtration Pumping Stations
9. Digester, and
10. Sludge Drying Beds

9.3 UASB Followed by Facultative type of Aerated Lagoon

The development of the Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blankets (UASB)

reactor dates back from early 1970's. Pre-sedimentation, anaerobic
waste water treatment and final sedimentation including sedge
stabilization are essentially combined in one reactor making it most
attractive high-rate waste water treatment option. It produces high
value by products viz.
 Treated waste water usable for gardening purpose or for Pesci-
culture after a sample post treatment.
 Methane enriched biogas having high calorific value is
converted into a usable energy resource like heat energy,
electricity etc...., and
 Mineralized excess sludge produced in UASB reactor for its
usage as manure for agriculture purpose.
UASB initially was developed for the anaerobic treatment of
Industrial waste water with a moderate to high COD and BOD
concentrations. The basic idea is flocculent or granular sludge decerped
in the reactor depending on the waste water characteristics and
operational parameters will tend to settle under gravity when applying
moderate upward velocities in the reactor. In this way no separate

[20]
sedimentation basin is necessary. Anaerobic bacteria are developed in
the reactor and are kept in the biological reaction compartments for
sufficient time. Organic compounds present in the waste water are
absorbed on the sludge particles in the reaction zone during its passage
through the smidge bed. Organic compounds there after get an
aerobically biodegraded converting it into methane-enriched biogas and
a small part into the new bacterial mass. Biomass consists of Methane
CH. Carbon Dioxide CO₂.
UASB alone cannot achieve desired results in terms of effluent
discharge standards pre described for BOD and TSS hence a simple post
treatment in the form of Facultative type of Aerated Lagoon is
considered after UASB reactors.

9.4 Facultative Type of Aerated Lagoon

This is the simplest of all four alternatives chosen for comparison.
In this process primary treatment consists of only screening and
degrading. All BOD and Suspended removal are carried out in
facultative aerated lagoon. A Land requirement is higher in this method
when compared to other options. The process consists of following
steps:
 Screening
 DE gritting
 Biological Oxidation in multi celled aerated lagoon

[21]
 10. PROCESS UNIT

10.1 Inlet

The waste water enters the STP through the inlet pipe having a
dimension of 1800mm. The influent waste water enters into the STP
through the inlet. As the capacity of the STP is limited to 30MLD the
excess water which enters the inlet is diverted through the by-pass
sewer.

10.2 COARSE SCREEN

The main purpose of

the screens is to remove
the floating matter of
comparatively large size. If
such materials are not
removed, they choke up
the small pipes or affect
seriously the working of
sewage pumps. Thus, the
main idea of providing
screens is to prevent the
pumps and other
equipment’s from the
possible damage due to
floating matter of sewage. Coarse screen of 20mm clear opening is
provided ahead of the main pumping station to protect the pumps from
mal functioning. These screens are arranged below the ground level and

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are mechanically cleaned. Standby facility for the 50% of the flow is
provided for the screening operation.

10.3 MAIN PUMPING STATION (MPS)

The waste water entering which enters through the inlet under
the gravity flow is pumped into the inlet chamber using Main Pumping
Station. The MPS generally consist of 11 submersible pumps which
raises the waste water along with the sewage to the inlet chamber. A
single raising pump having a pipe of 800 mm with a non return valve is
also provided to feed the sewage to the inlet of the STP.

10.4 INLET CHAMBER

An inlet chamber is provided ahead of the fine screens to receive

the sewage from the main pumping station via raising main. The inlet
chamber is of 3.4m in length and 2.15m in width with a depth of 7.5m.

10.5 FINE SCREENS

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 Screening is an essential step in sewage treatment to remove
large size floating particles like wooden pieces, rags, plastics, tobacco
pouches, etc, which otherwise damages pumps and interface with the
satisfactory operation of various treatment units. Screen channel
consists of interface with the satisfactory operation of various treatment
units. Screen channel consists of bars placed across the channel to trap
the floating particles. The spacing of the bars is kept depending upon
the type of the degree of treatment required. The plant consists of three
fine screens (2 working and 1 stand by) which are run through hydraulic
system. These fine screens are generally made of stainless steel and
have a perforated opening of 6mm with thickness of the plates being
1mm the fine screens also consist of a conveyor similar to coarse
serene which conveys the collected particles to another place.

10.6 UPFLOW ANAFROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) REACTOR

The UASB process was initially developed for the anaerobic

treatment of industrial waste water with a moderate COD and BOD
concentrations. The basic idea is that flocculent or granular sludge
developed in the reactor depending on the waste water characteristics
and operational parameters will tend to settle under gravity when
applying moderate upward velocities in the reactor. In this way no
sedimentation basis is necessary.

10.7 SLUDGE DEWATERING SYSTEM

Sludge dewatering system consists of the following

[24]
 1. Sludge pumping station
2. Sludge drying beds

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

With the available four different types of process for the

treatment of the sewage water it was found that the UASB followed by
Facultative Aerated lagoon has advantages compared to other
techniques in all aspects. It was found that UASB+ FAL is the techno
economical and best suited for the treatment of the sewage water that
enters the plant. Further using this method about 75% of BOD is
removed resulting in the production of methane gas which is further
useful for the production of electricity and also for cooking gas. The
main advantage of this process is it almost runs through mechanical
systems, less man power is required.
Looking at the cost comparison and other factors influencing of
treatment process it has been decided to adopt the sewage treatment
scheme consisting of UASB and Facultative Aerated lagoons. The
facultative aerated lagoon system is suited for municipal and industrial
waste water of low to medium strength, but in FAL water treatment,
some solids leave along with the effluent stream and 50-60% of BOD is
removed in this treatment.

[25]
 The construction vision is not only limited to beauty of the
residential, industrial plans but is also environmentally friendly. This
visit gave us the knowledge about the purification of sewage water on a
large scale. We came to know about the importance of the purification
of water which was carried out at the plant under various process.
Proper design, engineering, operation and maintenance are absolutely
imperative for successful and satisfactory.
Performance of the treatment plant. Each and every unit in the
plant performed at its optimal and most efficient design for overall
satisfactory of the treatment plant. Each and every unit in the plant is
directly or indirectly related to other units.

11. RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations are made for the STP, Ranchi

based on its future plan and other aspects.
Though the STP the excess waste water will leave untreated it is
recommended to increase the plant capacity can be further increased
by increasing the units which can be helpful in treating more amount of
waste water.
The methane gas which will generated during the treatment of
waste water will not sufficient for the generation of electricity and hence
the gas will burned/flared in the flaring system. This will because of no
strong raw sewage water will entering the plant. The production of the
gas can be increased by conduction bench scale and pilot student on
co-treatment of waste water. If it found to be successful, selected
industries may be allowed to discharge their high strength organic
waste water into the sewer after removal of toxic components in pre-
treatment of the waste water in their factory premises. With the
increase in the production of the gas the gas can be used for the
production of the electricity which can be further used for the running of
plant.
As the sewage water after the treatment is again discharged into
the river JUMAR, alternatively the water can be made to divert into the
agriculture land for the growth of plants.

[26]
 12.REFERENCES

 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITORY ENGINEERING (ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING) by Rangwala- 25th edition.
 WATER SUPPLY & SANITORY ENGINEERING (including
environmental engineering & pollution control act's) by G. S.
BIRDIE, J.S. BIRDIE 9th edition.
 A detailed project report for sewage treatment plant at Bhaktapur,
Kathmandu, Nepal
 Sewage treatment -Wikipedia
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment
 Upllow Anaerobic Sludge Blinked Digestion - Wikipedia
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unflow.amerobic_shade_blirket_dig
estion

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