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NOWL

OUTH
GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
GUIDED INQUIRY EXPERIMENTS
LAB COMPONENT CHE101L CONTENT: LAB 1

AcID AND BASE CLASSIFICATIONS

NAME.Rat.sJahan.Peena... NAME OF THE INSTRUCTOR .EZD.

SECTION ...12... SIGNATURE & DATE

STUDENT ID...k232146048. REPORT SUBMISSION DATE ...

19/o2(24
DATEAAL9ala. TIME.295.5:4s PM

Experiment 1 (session1)
Acid and Base Classifications

Acids and bases are classes of chemical compounds. There are weak and strong acids and bases based
on their ability to dissociate in aqueous solution. They can interact with each other. Be careful when
you handle acid or base in any situation. Please read the lab safety section carefully and consult with
your instructor if necessary.

Problem Statement: What are the characteristics of acid and base solutions?
Part I

Data Collection: Properties of acids and bases

A. Set up a 96 well micro-plate on the lab bench. Label rows and columns which can be seen in figure
below. With amedicinal dropper or dropper bottle carefully fill each well of column 1(rows A-)
with 1.0O M NaOH solution.
 Ca(OH2 H,0
NaOH H,SO4 HNO KOH
HCI
4 5 6 7
2 3

Litmus A

BTB B

PHN C

Mg D

CaCO; E

B. Do the same with columns 2-7 with 1.00 MHCI, 1.00 MHSO4, 1.00 M HNO3, saturated Ca (OH)2,
IM KOH and distilled water respectively. Rinse the dropper when changing solutions.

C. Dip small pieces of red and blue litmus paper in each of the solutions in row A(see diagram) and
record your observations in the table on the next below.

D. Add one micro drop bromothymol blue (BTB) to each of the solutions in row Band one micro drop
of phenolphthalein (PHN) to each of the solutions in row C. Record your observation in the table.
E. Place a small piece of magnesium (Mg) metal in each of the solutions in row D. Record your
observation in the table.

F. Place a small amount of CaCOs in each of the solutions in row E. Record your observation in the
table.

G. Add one micro drop of Mg (N0:)2 solution to each of the solutions in row F. Record your
observation in the table.
Record your Observation.

Distilled
NaOH HCI H2SO4 HNO3 Ca (OH)2 KOH
Water
Blue Blue Red Red Red Blve Blve Blve
Litmus
Red Blve Red Red Red Blve Blve 2ed
Brornothymol blue Blue Orange Orange Orange Blve BlueOrange
No No No
Phenolphthalein Ronple No Pine Purople change
ehange changeehange
Mg
No Bubble Buoble BubbleNo No No
enange erarge ehange ehary
CaCO3 ppt Bubble Bubble Bubble loudy Ppt Clovdy
 vata Analysis
a. Group the seven solutions according to similar properties. What are
the least number of groups
needed? What substances are in each group?

Ans- Aeeooding to similare proopeoties We Con Hod atlest 2 types ot

ehemical compounds hare.they are:

OAeid arovp Hel, H,SOy HNO

Base aroop - NaOH, Co(oH) koH

Neutralgrovp Distilled Watep

CacOz
b. Write an equation for any one of the reactions you observed when you added the tfAO2
solutions?

Chemical Eqystion;
2NaOH oa) t CaCo, (s)
 Part ll

Data Collection: Reactions of acids and bases beaker 1 and

mL beakers. Mark them as
divide it egually into two 50.00
ODtain z0.00 mL of 1.00 MHCl and
beaker 2.
Beaker 1
Wait few minutes, don't
several pieces of Mg metal into beaker 1 and cover it with a watch glass.
Put pouring Spout of the beaker. Write down your
remove the watch glass. Hold a lighted match to the
observations. Write a chemical equation which represents the reaction.
Obseovationg :
lbubble foemation.
I· Aftee adding pieces of Mg metal,there was
brovgt nean Tne pouning spout of the
2 Ohen a ligted matehstice was
beake,thore was a sliqnt ex plosion wnth a pop sound

3. Flarne of the ligted matcnstick wa ex Hnguished

Chemicsl Equstiong
2HCI (aq,) t Mgcs)

Beaker 2
Put several chips of CaCO3 into the second beaker of 1.00 M HCIl solution and test with a lighted match.
Record your observation and write a chemical equation which represents the reaction.

Obsenvation :
AFtero addi ng Caco, powder, thare was bubble formation
2
flame of ligmted matehstick WSS
extinguished when it was
brougnt inside Tre beskon

Chemicol Equation:
+ Hzo (o)
2Hel caa) + aC0, (s)
 bata
Interpretation for part l and partI
a. Suppose HCl is one of aclass of compounds call"acid" and NaOH is one of class of compounds
called "base". What did you learn about them in this experiment so far?

Anb: is one of aclass compounds all a h " 4 conveted blve litnus

Ped. When phenolpthaliein uas added to nei H showed no eolor change

•nd nemained eolbnless. won Beomothymol blu. ndicotor was added to HCI
n onad orange Bubbie foomYton was obsepved wan Ma uss added.
Bubole foønation was obseved aln when Caco, was ded to ReI
All these obseovations pRove that He Shows acidic poopeoties •nd belongs
to the cid elass.

Na0H 1s one ot a class compound Call

ho" as therre was no color
ehange when blue titrnus wss soked in NaoH,t remained olue.but
itrmus
tu oed ped blwe. When Boomothymol blwe. os
aded to NaoH it TO1oed
blve When phenol phthalet was added to NaOH it tuoned from
eolooles to purplenere was no ehange when Ma was tded. Poecipitaton
OCCUDed when Ca cob was added. All these observations p0 ve TnaT
NaoH shoos pooperties of bases ond belongs to the ebss
base

b From there chemical formula given, identify the similarities and differences among each of the
groups you identified in the data analysis section of Part I.

Ans- " [imilanifies : 0 No change is obse nved when Ma is added to both

base and disti|led wote

@ There ls no change in acid •nd disti lled uwatee when

the indicator phenolphthe lein is added it
color tess in both acid ond pemain
dist lad wDter
" Dirferenas :- 0 Red iitmus tuons blue in OSs2 whereaS b lve, litmus
nedcid
when Bromothymol blue indicator is added to ai
it tuens oranae but tuens blue in
bose
) There is bulbble foomahion when
Ma is added to
seid but the çe s change obsepved tn bases
and distiled wter'
 Part lll (Session2)
Data Collection: Preparation of various concentrations of acids and bases
Following serial dilution method prepare 0.1. 0.01. 0.001.0.0001 &0.00001 M HCl and NaOH from 1M 10
ml stocksolution. All in 10ml container.

1O prepare 0.1M HCI, you need to dilute the 1M stock solution by a factor of 10. To do this, you need to
mix 1 part of the 1M stock solution with 9 parts of distilled
water.
1. Take 1ml of 1M HCI stock solution in a
10ml container.
2. Add 9ml of distilled water to the container.
3. Mix well and the final
concentration of the solution will be.1M HCI.
To prepare .01M HCl, you need to dilute the.1M solution by a factor of 10. To
do this, you need to mix 1
part of the .1M solution with 9 parts of distilled water.
1. Take 1ml of .1M HCI
solution in a 10ml container.
2. Add 9ml of distilled water to the
container.
3. Mix well and the final
concentration of the solution will be.01M HCI.
To prepare 0.001M HCI, you need to dilute the
.01M solution by a factor of 10. To do this, you need to mix
1 part of the.01M solution with 9 parts of distilled water.
1. Take 1ml of .01M HCl solution in a 10ml
container.
2. Add 9ml of distilled water to the container.

3. Mix well and the final concentration of the solution will be 0.001M HCI.
To prepare 0.0001M HCI, you need to dilute the 0.001M
solution by a factor of 10. To do this, you need to
mix 1 part of the 0.001M solution with 9 parts of distilled water.
1. Take 1ml of 0.001M HCl solution in a 10ml container.
2. Add 9ml of distilled water to the container.

3. Mix well and the final concentration of the solution will be 0.0001M HCI.

To prepare 0.00001M HCl, you need to dilute the 0.0001M solution by a factor of 10. To do
this, you need
to mix 1 part of the 0.0001M solution with 9 parts of distilled water.

1. Take 1ml of 0.0001M HCI solution in a 10ml container.

2. Add 9ml of distilled water to the container.

3. Mix well and the final concentration of the solution willbe 0.00001M HCI.
The same steps can be followed to prepare O.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.00001M NaOH solutions from
the 1M stock solution.
 Part IV
Data Collection: Concentrations of acids and bases
Obtain 10.00 mL of a 0.10 M HCl solution in a clean test tube and label it "10! M H*". Transter 1.00
mL of 10 M HCl solution to a test tube and add 9.00 mL of distilled
water in it. Mix it thorougny
and label the test tube as"10 MH*". Rinse and shake dry the
transferring glass wires. Kepee
procedure to prepare solutions 103 MH", 10-4 M H*" and "105 MH".
b. Again obtain 10.00 mL of 0.10 M NaOH in a test tube and label it as "10: MOH. Repeat above
serialdilution procedure to prepare up to "10 MOH"
solution.
C. Obtaina centimeter long strip of a broad range pH paper. Dip aglass rod into distilled water and
touch that to a small section of a pH paper. Compare the color of the paper with the color code
provided with the paper and record the value in the table below. Using the same procedure, test
the 10 solutions you made in sections a andb above.

Distilled water pH=

Acid Base
Dilution pH Dilution pH

10:1 1 101 |3

10-2 102 |2
2

10-3 103

10-4 10-4

105 65 105 7

Data Analysis and Interpretation

a. What conclusions can be drawn from these data?

Ans! when an aeid is diluted the

concentration of HT ions oen
Unit volume dee reases and the
acidity lovel
inereases the pHvalue . The pH volue increesdecreaJes which
from 10 tu ioS
dilvtton.

When a base is diuted the eoncentaton o oHion s decreases

and there is a lowao baslcl ty level which is why e e the
pH valve decre ases . he pH valve decreSIes om 0 to |o
dilution.
 D. Mental Model: Draw a series of pictures that contrasts four of your dilutions (two acids and
two bases) with each other and represents the atomic and molecular species involved. Explain
how your picture illustrates your observations.

for Acid

Oml dilvent HO
1 ml stock = Hel
Hel

For Base.

9ml dilvent = H20

s ml stock Naon
Na0t OH

OH