Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.

qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 1

UNIT

3
1 Patterns and Relations
Just for Fun

Word Find Pattern Search

Find the following words Choose a grid of any 4 squares in the calendar.
in the puzzle below. What patterns do you see in the numbers?
You can move in any direction. May
term 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
divisibility rule
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
unit
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
tile
22 23 24 25 26 27 28

d i v i s 29 30 31

e t e l i

l m r i b
u n i t i

r y t i l
Variation: Choose a grid of any 9 squares
or pick a different month and try again.

A Game for 2 or more

Express Yourself!
Make as many words as you can from the letters of the words “algebraic expression.”
The person with the most words after 3 minutes wins!

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

141
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 2

Activating Prior Knowledge

The letters B, D, M, A, and S

Order of Operations can help you remember the
order of operations.
Perform operations inside the brackets first. B—Brackets
Next, divide and multiply in order from left to right. D, M—Divide, Multiply
A, S—Add, Subtract
Then add and subtract in order from left to right.

Example 1
Simplify.
a) 10  3  2 b) 12  (5 + 1) c) 6  2  3  1

Solution

a) 10  3  2  10 – 6 Multiply first.
4 Then subtract.

b) 12  (5  1) 12  6 Add inside the brackets first.

2 Then divide.

c) 6  2  3  1  12  3  1 Multiply first.

4+1 Then divide.

5 Then add.

✓
1. Simplify.
a) 12  2  4 b) 20  (2 + 3) c) 12  6  5  4

12   20   54

  

d) 10  4  2 e) (9  5)  6 f) 5  2  3  4

 10   6 5

  =

242
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 3

Graphing on a Coordinate Grid

An ordered pair, such as (5, 3), tells you the position of a point on a grid.
The first number is the horizontal distance from the origin.
The second number is the vertical distance from the origin.
The numbers of an ordered pair are also called the coordinates of a point.

Example 2
Graph the points A(5, 3), B(2, 0), and C(0, 4) on a grid.
Solution
To plot point A, start at 5 on the
horizontal axis, then move up 3.

Vertical axis
To plot point B, start at 2 on the C
horizontal axis, then move up 0. A
Point B is on the horizontal axis.
To plot point C, start at 0 on the B
horizontal axis, then move up 4. origin
Point C is on the vertical axis. Horizontal axis

✓
2. Write the ordered pair for 3. Plot and label these points:
each point on the grid. A(0, 5), B(2, 4), E(4, 3), R(5, 0)

G ( , 5)
Vertical axis

Vertical axis

E( , )
I (2, )

T( , )
R( , )

Horizontal axis Horizontal axis

4. The graph shows the number Bracelets Made

of bracelets Jan can make over time.
a) How many bracelets can Jan make
Number

in 3 h? _____________

b) How long will it take to make

10 bracelets? _____________

Time (h)

343
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 4

3.1 Patterns in Division

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ Multiples of 2 are even numbers.
They have these ones digits: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
For example, these are even numbers and multiples of 2: 32, 74, 88, 96, 100
All even numbers are divisible by 2.

➤ A number is a multiple of 4 if the tens and ones digits of the number

form a number that is a multiple of 4.
For example, 124 is a multiple of 4 because 24 is a multiple of 4.
And, 3036 is a multiple of 4 because 36 is a multiple of 4.

➤ Multiples of 5 have these ones digits: 0, 5

For example, these numbers are multiples of 5: 5, 20, 45, 350
Multiples of 5 are divisible by 5.

➤ A number is a multiple of 8 if the hundreds, tens, and ones digits

of the number form a number that is a multiple of 8.
For example, 1888 is a multiple of 8 because 888 is a multiple of 8.
And, 1040 is a multiple of 8 because 040, or 40 is a multiple of 8.

➤ Multiples of 10 have a ones digit that is 0.

For example, these numbers are multiples of 10: 20, 40, 130, 770
Multiples of 10 are divisible by 10.

➤ You can use a Venn diagram to show numbers that are divisible
by two or more numbers.
This Venn diagram shows divisibility by 2 and by 5.
Divisible by 2 Divisible by 5

2 5 25
12 6 40 65
70 610 55
32 105
98 315
9 41

Multiples of 2 are in the left loop.

Multiples of both 2 and 5 are in the middle loop.
Multiples of 5 are in the right loop.
Numbers that are not multiples of 2 or of 5 are outside the loops.

444
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 5

1. Circle the numbers that are divisible by 2. H I N T

23 98 21 44 11 77 34 The ones digits in

numbers divisible by 2
are even.
2. Circle the numbers that are divisible by 5.
55 10 7 59 105 775 1025
H I N T
3. Circle the numbers that are divisible by 2 and by 5.
The ones digits in
10 30 25 55 1000 52 numbers divisible by 5
are 0 or 5.

4. Write each number in the correct place in Divisible by 4 Divisible by 5

the Venn diagram.

16, 20, 33, 64, 80, 95, 97, 105, 214, 216, 324, 405

5. Write four 3-digit numbers that are divisible by 10.

_______________________________________________________________________

6. Write three 4-digit numbers that are divisible by 8.

_______________________________________________________________________

7. a) Write each number in the correct place in Divisible by 8 Divisible by 10

the Venn diagram.

115, 116, 120, 168, 450, 753, 800, 928, 1008, 1110

b) Write 4 more numbers in the Venn diagram – one

in each loop and one outside the loops. How do
you know you placed each number correctly?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

545
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 6

3.2 More Patterns in Division

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3. For example,
1035 is divisible by 3 because 1 + 0 + 3 + 5 = 9, and 9 is divisible by 3.
1036 is not divisible by 3 because 1 + 0 + 3 + 6 = 10, and 10 is not divisible by 3.

➤ A number is divisible by 6 if the number is divisible by 2 and by 3. For example,

1038 is divisible by 2 because the number is even.
1038 is divisible by 3 because 1 + 0 + 3 + 8 = 12, which is divisible by 3.
So, 1038 is divisible by 6.

➤ A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9. For example,

5418 is divisible by 9 because 5 + 4 + 1 + 8 = 18, and 18 is divisible by 9.
5428 is not divisible by 9 because 5 + 4 + 2 + 8 = 19, and 19 is not divisible by 9.

➤ No number is divisible by 0.

➤ You can use a Carroll diagram to show numbers that are divisible by two numbers.
This Carroll diagram shows divisibility by 6 and by 9.

Divisible by 6 Not divisible by 6

Divisible by 9 18, 36, 126, 162 27, 45, 963, 711
Not divisible by 9 6, 12, 204, 402 10, 29, 325, 802

➤ You can use divisibility rules to help list the factors of a number.
To list the factors of 156:
Try each rule in turn.
Divide by 2: 156  2 = 78
Divide by 3: 156  3 = 52
Divide by 4: 156  4 = 39
156 is not divisible by 5.
Divide by 6: 156  6 = 26
156 is not divisible by 7, by 8, by 9, or by 10.
Use a calculator to check for divisibility by 11 and 12.
156 is not divisible by 11.
Divide by 12: 156  12 = 13
Since the factors 12 and 13 are close in value, you have found all the factors.
In order, the factors of 156 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 13, 26, 39, 52, 78, 156

46
6
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 7

1. Match the number with the correct divisibility statement.

Draw more than one line if it is needed.

54 Divisible by 10.
56 Divisible by 3.
50 Divisible by 9.
92 Divisible by 8.
75 Divisible by 5.
93 Divisible by 2.
30 Divisible by 6.

2. Cross out the numbers that are not divisible by 2.

12 79 98 134 227 2469

How do you know the numbers are not divisible by 2?
_______________________________________________________________________

3. Circle the numbers that are divisible by 9.

91 331 333 153 99 12 321

How do you know you are correct?
_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

4. Write four numbers that are divisible by 6: _____________________________________

How did you choose those numbers?
_______________________________________________________________________

5. Solve each riddle.

a) I am divisible by 2 and by 3.
I am between 21 and 29.
Which number am I? _______

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

b) I am divisible by 5 and by 10. c) I am divisible by 2 and by 9.

I am between 56 and 64. I am between 424 and 449.
Which number am I? _______ Which number am I? _______

47
7
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 8

6. Which numbers below are divisible by 3? By 6? By 9?

How do you know?

a) 124 ____________________________________________________________________

b) 215 ____________________________________________________________________

c) 330 ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

d) 450 ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

e) 150 ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
7. Use your answers to question 6 to help you list the factors of each number.

a) 124: ____________________________________________________________________

b) 215: ____________________________________________________________________

c) 150: ____________________________________________________________________

8. a) Sort these numbers in the Carroll diagram below.

16, 18, 27, 37, 120, 180, 281, 288, 352, 411, 432, 540

Divisible by 9 Not divisible by 9

Divisible by 4
Not divisible by 4

b) Write one more number in each part of the Carroll diagram.

Explain how you knew where to place each number.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

9. a) Sort these numbers in the Venn diagram. Multiples of 4 Multiples of 6

12, 28, 36, 54, 72, 79, 135, 256, 270, 318, 371, 432
b) Which loop is empty? ________________________________
Explain why there is no number that belongs in that loop.

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________
Multiples of 9

48
8
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 9

3.3 Algebraic Expressions

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ Algebraic expressions contain variables such as x and n.
x and n can represent any numbers you choose.
Here are some examples of algebraic expressions and what they mean.

x  5: Five more than a number

n  3: Three less than a number

3  n: Three subtract a number

5x: Five times a number

5n  3: Five times a number, then add 3; or

three more than five times a number
100 : One hundred divided by a number
n
n
100
: A number divided by one hundred

➤ In the algebraic expression 7t + 2

7 is the numerical coefficient of the variable.
2 is the constant term. I N T
H
t is the variable.
➤ An algebraic expression can help you solve If you see how to solve a
problem using numbers, then
similar problems more efficiently. Once you
you can write an algebraic
know the algebraic expression, you can use expression for the problem.
it again, even if the numbers change. Replace the number that
changes with a variable.
Suppose you earn $8 per hour.
For 3 hours, you earn: 3  $8 = $24
For t hours, you earn: t  $8 = 8t dollars
➤ To evaluate an expression means to substitute a number for the variable,
then calculate the answer. H I N T
To evaluate 2a – 5 for a = 7:
Replace a with 7 in the expression 2a – 5. Recall that 2a means 2 x a.
Use the order of operations.
2a – 5 = 2(7) – 5 Multiply before subtracting.
= 14 – 5
=9
949
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 10

1. Match each algebraic expression with its meaning.

6+x Five less than a number
4n One more than double a number
1 + 2t Five subtract a number
5–p Four times a number
s–5 Three times a number subtract four
3g – 4 Six more than a number

2. Identify the numerical coefficient, the variable, and the constant term in each expression.
a) 4 + 5s
Numerical coefficient: _______ Variable: _______ Constant term: _______

b) x + 7
Numerical coefficient: _______ Variable: _______ Constant term: _______

c) 9m
Numerical coefficient: _______ Variable: _______ Constant term: _______

3. An algebraic expression has constant term 12, variable t, and numerical coefficient 8.
What might the expression be? __________________________

4. Write an algebraic expression for each phrase.

Use the variable n.
a) Ten times a number ________________ b) Double a number ________________

c) A number divided by four ___________ d) Six less than a number ___________

e) Three more than ten times a number ______________________________________

f) Six less than ten times a number _________________________________________

5. A clerk earns $12 an hour.

Find how much the clerk earns for each time.
a) 5 h work b) 8 h work c) p hours work

5  ____ =____ _______ =____ _______ = __________

6. A car travels at an average speed of 60 km/h.

Find how far it travels in each time.
a) 3 h b) 5 h c) x hours

3  ______ =_______ _________ = ______ _________ = _______

50
10
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 11

7. Evaluate each expression by replacing z with 10.

a) z + 5 = 10 + 5 b) 8 + z = _______

= _______ = _______

c) z – 6 = _______ d) 15 – z = _______

= _______ = _______

e) 3z = _______ f) 5z = _______

= _______ = _______

8. Evaluate each expression by replacing n with 2. Tip

a) 2n + 3 b) 20 – 5n Use the order of operations:
B — Brackets
= 2  _______ + 3 = _______ – 5  2 D, M — Divide, Multiply
A, S — Add, Subtract
= _______ + 3 = _______

= _______ = _______
n n
c) +8 d) 14 –
2 2
= _______ = _______

= _______ = _______

= _______ = _______

9. Sofia works part-time in a convenience store.

She earns $6/h during the day, and $8/h during the evening.
a) In one week, Sofia worked 10 h in the day and 9 h in the evening.
Write an expression for her earnings in dollars.

_____________________________________________________________________
b) Suppose Sofia works n hours in the day and 7 h in the evening.
i) Write an expression for her earnings in dollars.

___________________________________________
ii) How much does Sofia earn when n = 5?
Key tO Success
___________________________________________
c) Suppose Sofia works 9 h in the day and Evaluating algebraic
m hours in the evening. expressions is an important
i) Write an expression for her earnings in dollars. skill. Carpenters, computer
scientists, designers,
___________________________________________ electricians, and auto
ii) How much does Sofia earn when m = 11? mechanics all use this skill to
solve problems on the job.
___________________________________________
51
11
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 12

3.4 Relationships in Patterns

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ You can describe a number pattern using the term number.
Term number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Term 8 16 24 32 40 48
We can write an algebraic expression for the term when we know the term number.
Each term is 8 times the term number.
Let n represent any term number.
Then the term is represented by 8  n, or 8n.
When you compare or relate a variable to an expression that contains the variable,
you have a relation.
The variable is n.
The expression is 8n.
The relation is: 8n is related to n
➤ The table and relation above can represent the total number of beats in a music score
when there are 8 beats in each bar.
Number of bars of music 1 2 3 4 5 6
Total number of beats 8 16 24 32 40 48
You can use the relation to find the number of beats in 17 bars of music.
Substitute n = 17 in the expression 8n.
8n = 8(17)
= 136
There are 136 beats in 17 bars of music.

1. Complete each chart.

a) Term number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Term 5 15 25

b) Term number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Term 5 7 9

c) Term number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Term 3 9 15
52
12
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 13

2. Every day, Ray rides his bike 12 km around Stanley Park.

Complete the chart to show the total distance Ray travelled.
Number of days 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance (km) 12 72

3. Write a relation for the pattern rule for each pattern.

Use the relation to find the 12th term.
Let n represent any term number.

a) 6, 12, 18, 24, . . . . . . _____________________________________________________

b) 10, 11, 12, 13, . . . . . . ____________________________________________________

4. a) Write a relation for the perimeter of a regular pentagon

n

with side length n centimetres. ___________________

b) What is the perimeter of a regular pentagon with side length 9 cm?

______________________________________________________

5. Ally is organizing an end-of-term party.

The cost to rent the hall is $100. The cost of food is $8 per person.
a) Write a relation for the total cost of the party, in dollars, for n people.

______________________________________________________________________

b) How much will the party cost if:

i) 20 people attend? _____________________________________________________

ii) 50 people attend? _____________________________________________________

c) How does the relation in part a change in each case?

i) The cost of food doubles.

_____________________________________________________

ii) The cost of the food increases by $2 per person.

_____________________________________________________

d) For each scenario in part c, find the cost when 40 people attend.

i) ___________________________________________________________________

ii) ___________________________________________________________________

53
13
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 14

3.5 Patterns and Relationships in Tables

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ You can make a table of values for a relation such as: 2n + 5 is related to n
Choose values for n. These are Input numbers.
Substitute each value of n in 2n + 5 to get the Output numbers.
When n = 1, 2n + 5 = 2(1) + 5
=7
When n = 2, 2n + 5 = 2(2) + 5
=9
When n = 3, 2n + 5 = 2(3) + 5
= 11
When n = 4, 2n + 5 = 2(4) + 5
= 13
Here is the table:
Input Output
n 2n + 5
1 7
2 9
3 11
4 13

➤ You can find a relation given its table of values.

Input Output
1 2
+1 +4
2 6
+1 +4
3 10
+1 +4
4 14
+1 +4
5 18

Let n represent any Input number.

When n increases by 1, the Output number increases by 4.
This means that the expression for the Output numbers contains 4n.
So, compare the Output numbers to multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, . . .
Each Output number is 2 less than a multiple of 4.
So, the output is 4n – 2.
The table shows how 4n – 2 relates to n.
54
14
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 15

1. a) Evaluate the expression 3n + 1.

When n  1, 3n  1  3(1)  1
 _____
When n  2, 3n  1  3(2)  1
 _____
When n  3, 3n  1  3(3)  _____
 _____
When n  4, 3n  1  3(_____)  _____
 _____
When n  5, 3n  1  3(_____)  _____
 _____
b) Complete the table. Use your results from part a.
Input Output
n 3n + 1

2. Complete each table.

Explain how the Output number is related to the Input number.
a) Input Output b) Input Output c) Input Output
n n+5 b 8–b a 6+a
1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4 4

5 5 5

__________________ __________________ _________________

__________________ __________________ _________________

55
15
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 16

3. Complete each table.

a) Input Output b) Input Output c) Input Output
d 2d + 3 f 3f – 2 h 5h + 1
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5

4. Use algebra. Write a relation for each table.

a) b) c)
Input Output Input Output Input Output
n p m
1 2 1 0 1 8
2 3 2 1 2 16
3 4 3 2 3 24
4 5 4 3 4 32
5 6 5 4 5 40

_________________ _________________ _________________

5. Use algebra. Write a relation for each table.

Then extend each table 3 more rows.
a) Input Output b) Input Output c) Input Output
r s n
1 4 1 2 1 9
2 6 2 5 2 14
3 8 3 8 3 19
4 10 4 11 4 24
5 12 5 14 5 29

_________________ _________________ _________________

56
16
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 17

3.6 Graphing Relations

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ You can use a graph to show a relation.
This table and graph show how 5n – 4 relates to n.

Input Output Graph of 5n – 4 against n

n 5n – 4
24
1 1 20
+1 +5 16

Output
2 6
12
+1 +5
3 11 8
+1 +5 4 1 5
4 16
0 1 2 3 4 5
+1 +5
5 21 Input

The scale on the Output axis is 1 square to 4 units.

The points lie on a straight line, so the relation is linear.
Both the table and the graph show that when the input increases by 1,
the output increases by 5.

1. Complete each table.

a) Input Output b) c)
Input Output Input Output
n 2n + 8 n 5n + 1 n 9–n
1 10 1 6 1 8
2 12 2 11 2 7
3 14 3 16 3 6
4 16 4 21 4 5
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7

57
17
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 18

2. Choose a suitable scale.

Graph each relation in question 1.
a) b) c)
Output

Output

Output
Input Input
Input

3. Look at the graph at the right.

a) What is the output when the input is 1? _______

b) Which input gives an output of 13? _______ 12

Output
c) Extend the graph.
8
i) What is the output when the input is 8? _______
4

ii) What is the input when the output is 21? _______

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Input

4. a) Complete this table. b) Graph the relation in part a.

Input Output
a 5a + 3

10

c) How does the graph illustrate the relation?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

58
18
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 19

5. The members of the student council wash cars to raise money for charity.
The students charge $3.00 per car.
a) Let c represent the number of cars washed.
Write a relation to show how the money collected, in dollars, is related to the number
of cars washed. _________________________________________________________

b) Complete this table to show the relation. c) Graph the data.

Number of cars Money collected

($)
10
20
30
40
50

d) Describe the graph.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

e) Use the relation, the graph, or the table to answer these questions.
Explain your choice.
i) Suppose the students wash 33 cars.
How much money will they collect? _______

I used the: ___________________________________________________________

ii) Suppose the students wash 60 cars.

How much money will they collect? _______

I used the: ___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

6. Match each graph to its relation.

a) 20 b) 10 c) 25
16 8 20
12 6 15
Output

Output

Output

8 4 10
4 2 5

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Input Input Input

A. 10 – n relates to n B. 3n + 5 relates to n C. 4n – 3 relates to n

_________________ _________________ _________________
59
19
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 20

3.7 Reading and Writing Equations

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ An equation is a statement that two expressions are equal.
2x  1 is an algebraic expression.
7 is an expression.
2x  1  7 is an equation.
This equation can be expressed in words as:
One more than double a number is seven.

➤ Here’s how to write an equation from a statement.

1. Choose a letter for the variable.
2. Write an algebraic expression to represent the relationship described.
3. Write an equals sign between the expression and the constant term.
H I N T
Five more than a number is 20.
The words “is” and
Let p represent the number. “equals” are written
Five more than p: p  5 as an equals sign (=)
The equation is: p  5  20 in an equation.

A number subtracted from ten is 4.

Let x represent the number.
x subtracted from ten: 10  x
The equation is: 10  x  4
A number divided by two is 8.
Let n represent the number.
n
n divided by two: 2
n
The equation is: 2 8

1. Match each sentence with an equation. The first one is done for you.

A number divided by three is 4. 20  n  6

Twenty subtract a number equals 6. 2n  3  11
n
Nine subtract one-half a number is 6. 3
4
n
Three added to double a number is 11. 9 2 6
60
20
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 21

2. Write an equation for each sentence.

Let n represent the number.

a) Eight less than a number is 2. n – _____  _____

b) One-half a number equals 5. __________________________________________

c) Four more than double a number is 20. __________________________________

d) Six plus three times a number is 9. ______________________________________

3. Write a sentence for each equation.

a) n – 6 = 12

__________________________________________________________________
x
b) = 10
2
__________________________________________________________________

c) 2p + 10 = 14

__________________________________________________________________

4. Write an equation for each sentence.

Let x represent the number.

a) Three more than a number is 12. _______________________________________

b) Three less than a number is 12. _________________________________________

c) Three times a number equals 12. _______________________________________

d) Three more than three times a number is 12. _____________________________

e) Three subtracted from three times a number equals 12. _____________________

5. Write an equation for each sentence.

a) The cost of 2 adult tickets at $5 each and n child tickets at $3 each is $25.

__________________________________________________________________

b) William’s age 4 years ago was 12. Let a years represent William’s age now.

__________________________________________________________________

c) The perimeter of a square with side length s is 28.

__________________________________________________________________

61
21
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 22

3.8 Solving Equations Using Algebra Tiles

At Ho

At Sc

me
Quick Review
hoo

l
➤ You can use tiles to represent an expression.
This unit tile represents +1. This variable tile or x-tile represents x.

➤ You can use tiles to solve an equation. For example, to solve: x + 3 = 14:
Draw a vertical line in the centre of the page.
It represents the equals sign in the equation.
Arrange the tiles on each side of the line to represent the
expression or number on each side of the equation.
On the left side, place tiles to represent x + 3.
On the right side, place tiles to represent 14.

To isolate the x-tile, remove 3 unit tiles from each side.

The tiles show the solution is x = 11.

To verify the solution, replace x with 11 tiles.

Left side:
+ 14 unit tiles

Right side:
14 unit tiles

Since both sides have equal numbers of tiles, the solution x = 11 is correct.

62
22
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 23

1. Complete each algebraic expression.

a) A number increased by 3: x + _______

b) Two times a number: _______ x

c) Three more than 4 times a number: 4x + _______

d) Twelve less than a number: _______ – 12

2. Match each picture to its equation.

a) x + 1 = 3

b) x + 2 = 4

c) x + 20 = 12

d) x + 12 = 20

63
23
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 24

3. Zephyr had songs in his music player folder.

He bought 7 more. Zephyr then had 10 songs.
How many did he start with?
Complete the solution for the equation: x + 7 = 10

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

The solution is: _____________________________

4. An online book costs $15.00 to upload to a computer.
How many online books can be purchased for $75.00?
a) Write an equation to represent this problem.

_____________________________________________________________________

b) Solve the equation to find how many online books can be purchased.

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Erica is thinking of a number. She multiplies it by 2, then adds 5.

The result is 19. Which number did Erica begin with?
a) Write an equation to represent this problem.
_____________________________________________________________________

b) Solve the equation to find the number.

_____________________________________________________________________

64
24
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 25

In Your Words
Here are some of the important mathematical words of this unit.
Build your own glossary by recording definitions and examples here. The first one is done for you.

rules I can
divisibility rules ___________________ algebraic expression ____________
use to find out multiples of numbers and
__________________________________________ __________________________________________
factors of numbers. For example, to find
__________________________________________ __________________________________________
out if a certain number is a multiple of
__________________________________________ __________________________________________
3, I add the digits of the number; if the
__________________________________________ __________________________________________
sum is a multiple of 3, then the number is
__________________________________________ __________________________________________
also a multiple of 3.
_______________________________________

variable _______________________ evaluate ______________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

equation ______________________ solve an equation ______________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

__________________________________________ __________________________________________

List other mathematical words you need to know.

____________________________________________________________________________

65
25
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 26

Unit Review
LESSON

3.1 1. a) Circle the numbers that are divisible by 4.

312 1407 204 3441 640 763

b) How do you know if a number is divisible by 4?

______________________________________________________________________

2. a) Circle the numbers that are divisible by 2 and by 3.

606 330 501 2466 492 9342

b) What other number are the circled numbers in part a divisible by? _______

How do you know?

______________________________________________________________________
3.2 3. Which numbers below are divisible by 8? Divisible by 5?
How do you know?
a) 244: __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

b) 160: __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) 315: __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

d) 608: __________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. Use your answers from question 3 to help you list all the factors of each number.

a) 244: __________________________________________________________________

b) 160: __________________________________________________________________

c) 315: __________________________________________________________________

d) 608: __________________________________________________________________

66
26
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 27

LESSON

3.3 5. Write an algebraic expression for each phrase. Use the variable n.

a) Three times a number: ___________________________________________________

b) Five less than a number: __________________________________________________

c) Twenty divided by a number: ______________________________________________

d) Seven more than four times a number: _______________________________________

6. Evaluate each expression for n  5.

a) n  7  _______ b) 10  n  ______ c) 2n  3  _______

3.4 7. a) Zadie climbed four sets of stairs every minute for the Charity Stair Climb Fundraiser.
Complete this table. The pattern continues.
Time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(minutes)
Sets of stairs
climbed

b) How many sets of stairs will Zadie have climbed after 15 minutes? _______

8. Write a relation for the pattern rule for each number pattern.

a) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . . ________________________________________________________

b) 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, . . . _______________________________________________________

3.5 9. Complete each table.

How is each Output number related to its Input number?
a) Input Output b) Input Output c) Input Output
n 3n + 5 n 5n + 3 n 5n – 3
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5

__________________ __________________ _________________

__________________ __________________ _________________
__________________ __________________ _________________

67
27
Unit 01 Gr7 P&H WNCP SE.qxd 7/18/07 12:44 PM Page 28

LESSON

10. Use algebra. Write a relation for each table.

a) Input Output b) Input Output c) Input Output
m m m
1 9 1 9 1 5
2 11 2 16 2 12
3 13 3 23 3 19
4 15 4 30 4 26
5 17 5 37 5 33

__________________ __________________ __________________

3.6 11. Graph each relation in question 10.

a) b) c)

3.7 12. Write an equation for each sentence.

Let n represent the number.
a) Four times a number is sixteen. __________________

b) Eight subtracted from four times a number is sixteen. __________________

c) Twelve more than four times a number is sixteen. __________________

d) Thirty-two minus four times a number is sixteen. __________________

13. Write an equation for each sentence. Let n represent the number.

a) Four less than a number is sixteen. _____________

b) A number divided by five is ten. ___________

c) Five more than three times a number is eleven. _____________

3.8 14. Robin walked twice around a lake, plus an extra 3 km.
Her pedometer showed that she had walked a total of 19 km.
Write then solve an equation to find how far it is around the lake.

____________________________________________________________________

68
28