Work and Energy

Solved Numerical
1. A force of 10N causes a displacement or 2m in a body in its own direction.
Calculate the
work done by force. 20j
Solution: the work done by force = F x S = 10 N x 2m = 20 J
2. How much force is applied on the body when 150 joule of work is done in
displacing the
body through a distance of 10m in the direction of force?(15 N)
Solution: W = F x S => F = w/s = 150/10 = 15 N
3. A body of 5kg raised to 2m find the work done(98j)
Solution: T he work done to raise a body = PE = mgh = 5kg x 9.8 x 2 = 98 joule
4. A work of 4900j is done on road of mass 50 kg to lift it to a certain height.
Calculate the
height through which the load is lifted. (10m)
Solution: work done on road to lift = mgh =>4900 = 50 x 9.8 h => h = 10m
5. An engine work 54,000J work by exerting a force of 6000N on it. What is the
displacement of
the force . (9m)
Solution: S = W/F = 54,000J/6000N = 9m
7. A force of 5N acting on body at angle of 30 deg. with the horizontal direction
displace it
horizontally through of distance of 6 m . Calculate the work done. (15√3 J)
Solution: w = F S cos Q = 5 x 6 x √3/2 = 15√3 J
8. A body of mass 2kg is moving with a speed of 20m/s Find the kinetic energy.
(400J)
Solution: KE = 0.5 mv^2 = 0.5 x 2 x 20 x 20 = 400 J
9. A moving body of 30kg has 60 J of KE. Calculate the speed.
Solution: KE = 0.5 mv^2 => 60 = 0.5 x 30 x v^2 => 60 = 15 v^2 => 60/15=> V =
2m/s
10. A hammer of mass 1kg falls freely from a height of 2 m .Calculate (I) The
velocity and (II)
The KE. of the hammer just before it touches the ground. Does the velocity of
hammer depend
on the mass of hammer? (6.29m-2 , 19.6 J )
Solution: PE = mgh = 1 x 9.8 x 2 = 19.6 j
PE = KE = 0.5 mv^2 => 19.6 = 0.5 x 1 xv^2 => 39.6 = v^2 => v = 6.29 m/s
No, velocity of hammer does not depend on the mass of the mass of the
hammer as v = u +
at
11. Calculate the energy posses by a stone of mass 10kg kept at a height of 5m.
If 196 x10^2 J of energy were used to raise a 40kg boy above the ground, how
high would he
be raised? (50m)
Solution: The energy posses by a stone of mass 10kg kept at a height of 5m =
PE = mgh = 10
x 5 x 9.8 = 490 j
PE = mgh => 196 x10^2 J = 40 x 9.8 x h => 50m
12. Calculate the change that should be affected in the velocity of a body to
maintain the same
KE, if mass of the body is increased to 4 times (half the original velocity)
Solution: New kE/Original KE = [½ x 4m x V^2]/[ ½ x m x v^2]
¼ = (V/v)^2 => ½ = (V/v) => V = v/2
New velocity will be half the original velocity
Solution: p = w/t = 192 J / 24Sec = 8w
g = 9.8m-1 (245w)
13. A machine does 192 J of work in 24 Sec. What is the power of the machine?
(8w)
14. A man of 50 kg runs up a hill rising himself vertically 10m in 20 Sec.
Calculate power. given
Solution: p = w/t = mgh/t = (50 x 9.8 x 10) /20 = 245 w
15. A rickshaw puller pulls the rickshaw by applying a force of 100 N. If the
rickaw moves with
constant velocity of 36 kmh-1. Find the power of rickshaw puller. (1000w)
Solution: Force = 100 N
Velocity = 36 k m / h = 36 × 5 /18 = 10 m / s
Power = Force x Velocity Power = 100 × 10
Power = 1000 Watt
16. A athlete weighing 60kg runs up a staircase having 10 steps each of 1m in
30 sec.
Page 2
Calculate power (g = 9.8ms-1 200W)
Solution: h = 10 x 1m = 10m
Work done = potential energy = mgh = 60 x 9.8 x 10 = 5880j
Power = 5880/30 = 196w
17. The heart does 1.5 J of work in each heartbeat. How many times per
minute does it beat if
its power is 2watt? (80 times)
Solution: Total work = p x t =120 J ,
Number times heartbeat in 1 min. = total work done / work done in each beat
= 120/1.5 = 80 times
18. Calculate the time taken 60 w bulb to consume 3000 J of energy. (50sec. )
Solution: Power = 60 W and Energy consumed = 3000 J
We know that Power=Energy/Time Taken
Time Taken = Energy Consumed/Power = 3000/60 = 50 sec.
19. A horse exerts a force of 200N to pull the cart. If the horse cart system
moves with velocity
36kmh-1 on the level road., then find the power of horse in term of horse
power (1hp=746W)
Ans.2.68h.p
Solution: velocity = 36kmh-1 = 10m/s
w = f x s = 2000 x 10 = 2000j
P = w/t = 2000j/1sec = 2000 w
746W = 1hp So, 2000 w = 2000/746 = 2.68 h.p
20. An electric kettle of 500W is used to heat water every day for 2 hours.
Calculate the number
of unit of electrical energy consumed y it in 10 days. (Ans: 10 units)
Solution: E = Pt = 500 w x 10 x 2h = 10000wh = 10kwh = 10 unit
21. Calculate the cost of using a 2kwh immersion rod for heating water in a
house for one hour
each day for 60 days if the rate is Rs. 1.50 per unit kWh. (Rs. 180)
Solution: E = Pt = 2 kw x 60 x 1h = 120kwh = 120 unit
The cost of using a 2kwh immersion rod for heating water = 120 x 1.5 = Rs. 180
22. In an experiment to measure his power, a student records the time taken by
him in running
up a flight of steps on a staircase. Use the following data to calculate the power
of the student
:
Number of steps = 28 ; Height of each step = 20 cm ; Time taken = 5.4 s.
Mass of student = 55 Kg ; Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m s−2
Solution. Power =w/t = mgh/t=55×9.8×(28×0.20) / 5.4 = 559J
23. A bullet of mass 15 g has a speed of 400 m/s. What is its kinetic energy ?
The bullet
strikes a thick target and is brought to rest in 2 cm, calculate the average net
force acting on
the bullet. What happens to kinetic energy originally in the bullet?
Solution. K.E = ½ mv^2 = 0.5 × 0.015 kg × (400 x 400) = 1200 J.
Work done = Change in K.E.
As final velocity = 0. Because change in KE = Kf−Ki = 1200 J
Therefore, F × d = 1200.
F=1200 / 2 ×10^−2 = 6×10^4N.
(where F is the average force)
The kinetic energy is eventually converted to heat energy.
24. The power of a heart which beats 72 times in a minute is 1.2kW. Calculate
the work done by
heart for each beat. ( 1 kJ)
Solution: P = 1200W and T = 60s
W = P x T = 1200 x 60 = 72000J
In 72 times heart beats 72000j energy used
In 1 time = 72000/72 = 1000J
Work done by the heart in every beat is 1KJ
25. When loading a truck, a man lifts boxes of 100 N each through a height of
1.5 m.
(a) How much work does he do in lifting one box ?
(b) How much energy is transferred when one box is lifted ?
(b) W = E = 150 J.
(c) If the man lifts 4 boxes per minute, at what power is he working? (g = 10 m
s−2)
Solution: (a) Work done in lifting one box = F × d = 100 × 1.5 = 150 J.
(c) Power = Work done / Time = (150×4)/ 60=10W