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18 views

It1 Cpu

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Lhovie Gayo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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IT1 - Computer Fundamentals/Applications

Central Processing Unit (CPU)


CPU Defined:

Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features −

 CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.

 CPU performs all types of data processing operations.

 It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).

 It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

Figure 3A.1: Central Processing Unit

CPU itself has following three components.

1. Memory or Storage Unit

2. Control Unit

3. ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

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IT1 - Computer Fundamentals/Applications

Figure 3A.2: Central Processing Unit

Memory or Storage Unit

This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies
information to other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as
internal storage unit or the main memory or the primary storage or Random
Access Memory (RAM).

Its size affects speed, power, and capability. Primary memory and secondary
memory are two types of memories in the computer. Functions of the memory
unit are −

 It stores all the data and the instructions required for processing.

 It stores intermediate results of processing.

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IT1 - Computer Fundamentals/Applications

 It stores the final results of processing before these results are released to
an output device.

 All inputs and outputs are transmitted through the main memory.

Control Unit

This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry
out any actual data processing operations.

Functions of this unit are −

 It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions


among other units of a computer.

 It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.

 It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs
the operation of the computer.

 It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data or results


from storage.

 It does not process or store data.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

This unit consists of two subsections namely,

 Arithmetic Section

 Logic Section

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IT1 - Computer Fundamentals/Applications

 Arithmetic Section

Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition,


subtraction, multiplication, and division. All complex operations are done by
making repetitive use of the above operations.

 Logic Section

Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing,


selecting, matching, and merging of data.

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