GROUP C(IUST )

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GROUP C(IUST )

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise and thanks to the Almighty who showered us with

uncountable and magnificent blessings and made us work
under the humble shadow of:
ER. MIR AJAZ AHMAD, who gave his best to us during
our Survey Camp held at the University Campus. An
efficient mentor, a multi-dimensional personality, a man
of principles and of course congenial in nature. It is really
a great honor that we have worked under his supervision.
We are highly thankful to the Honorable Vice Chancellor
PROF. MUSHTAQ AHMAD SIDDIQI, Esteemed H.O.D Civil
Dr. SHUJAAT HUSSAIN BUCH and other concerned
authorities for providing us the necessary facilities during
the course of the work. We thank them from the core of
our heart for helping and guiding us in a proper manner.
We admit our utmost gratefulness towards MR. JAVAID
ANJUM, Chief Instructor for his unending help in carrying
on the project. He not only assisted us about the survey
work but also boosted our morals. We really thank
everyone who helped us throughout the work.
GROUP C(IUST )

VOTE OF THANKS FROM GROUP LEADERS:

SYED UBAIR BARI SYEDA IMAN BILAL

CE-18-65 CE-LE19-71

Thank you for your mentorship, support, and

encouragement. We appreciate your hard work and
never giving up on us.
GROUP C(IUST )

SURVEY CAMP 2021

Certificate
Project report for Survey Camp done at Islamic
University of Science & Technology during the year
2021 has been made by the following students of
Group C under the guidance of ER. MIR AIJAZ
AHMAD, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering
Department.

ALL MEMBERS:

AZAN GULZAR ANJUM SAQUIB KHAN SYED UBAIR BARI

CE-18-63 CE-18-64 CE-18-65

 GROUP C(IUST )

FARDEEN MANZOOR SAALEM JAVID SEERAT JAN

CE-18-66 CE-18-67 CE-LE19-68

ARBAZ GUL
RAFAQAT REYAZ
CE-LE19-69
CE-LE19-70
GROUP C(IUST )

SYEDA IMAN BILAL BASIT FAROOQ RESHI

CE-LE19-71 CE-LE19-72
GROUP C(IUST )

Alhamdulilllah, by the grace of Almighty I feel content

that the annual Survey Camp 2021 concluded
successfully. I believe that education is all
rounddevelopment of a student. I believe inpracticals
asthrough books alone the real demandof educationis
not fulfilled. I consider this Survey Camp as the platform,
a pedestal and a forum to allow my students to express,
exhibit and groom their talent. It helps these young
minds to boost up their talent and the astounding ideas.
Being a part of this social institute, we try to equip our
students with power, zeal, weapons of wisdom, morality,
Knowledge and of course practicals so that they must
work, strive and struggle for the betterment of the
society in general and institution in particular. From the
core of my heart I wish my students a magnetizing and
bright future. Hope that you will emerge out as the best
engineers.

SURVEY CAMP COORDINATOR

ER. MIR AIJAZ AHMAD

GROUP C(IUST )

HE WHO LAUGHS MOST, LEARNS BEST

(JOHN CHEESE)
SO HERE ARE SOME OF OUR JOYFULL MOMENTS
OF SURVEY CAMP 2021:
GROUP C(IUST )
GROUP C(IUST )

INDEX

 LEVELLING AND ITS TERMINOLOGY

PAGE : 1-5

 TYPES OF LEVELLING
PAGE : 6-20

 INSTRUMENTS USED
PAGE : 21-26
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LEVELLING:

Leveling is a process to determine the

vertical position of different points
below, on, or above the ground. In
surveying operations, vertical
elevations and vertical control are
generally derived independently of
horizontal control.

IMPORTANCE OF LEVELING IN FIELD

WORK:
 It help the surveyor to make counter map
of land surface or sea surface.
 It help surveyor to lay a ground level on
which they can built a building.
 It help pipe transport engineer to ensure
appropriate slope of land that will allow
smooth movement of liquid

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Objective of leveling:
 To enable students have a hands on experience in
setting and working with the instrument and collect the
data of the relevant field work.
 To increase the student’s knowledge in leveling
procedure.
 To calculate reduced level of each station

TERMS INVOLVED IN LEVELLING:

(1) BACK SIGHT (B.S):

The first reading which we take after set a instrument or at
bench mark on the field.

(2) FORE SIGHT (F.S):

The last reading which we take before shifting our instrument or
at change point or turning point.

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(3) INTERMEDIATE SIGHT (I.S):

The reading between b.s and f.s is called intermediate sight.
(Video related to B.S , I.S , F.S )

(4) BENCH MARK:

The point whose elevation is known called bench mark. Usually
we take m.s.l (mean sea level) or surveyor also shift bench mark
according to field.

(5) LINE OF SIGHT:

The line which passes through the optical center of eye piece
and coming out to eye.

(5) STAFF READING:

The reading takes on the field through instrument.

(6) HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENT:

It is the sum of staff reading which we take on the ground and
bench mark (known elevation ).

(7) Vertical line- A line that follows the local

direction of gravity as indicated bya plumb line.

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(8) Level surface - A curved surface that, at every

point is perpendicular tothe local plumb line (the
direction in which gravity acts).

(9) Level line - A line lying in a level surface is a level line.

It is thus a curved line normal to the plumb at all points. In
field surveying, it is defined by the direction of a freely
suspended plumb-bob.

(10) Horizontal plane - A plane perpendicular to the local

direction of gravity.In plane surveying, it is a plane
perpendicular to the local vertical line.

(11) Horizontal line - A line in a horizontal plane. In plane

surveying, it is a line perpendicular to the local vertical.

(12) Vertical datum - Any level surface to which elevations are

referenced. This is the surface that is arbitrarily assigned an
elevation of zero.

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GROUP C(IUST )

LEVELLING TYPES

BAROMETRIC
LEVELLING
SIMPLE
LEVELLING
STADIA

LEVELLING
TRIGNOMETRIC
LEVELLING

SIMPLE LEVELLING

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELLING

FLY LEVELLING

PROFILE LEVELLING

PRECISE LEVELLING

RECIPROCAL LEVELLING
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GROUP C(IUST )

DIRECT LEVELING:

It is the most commonly used method of leveling. In this

method, measurements are observed directly from leveling
instrument. Based on the observation points and instrument
positions direct leveling is divided into different types as
follows:

 Simple leveling
 Differential leveling
 Fly leveling
 Profile leveling
 Precise leveling
 Reciprocal leveling

NOTE FROM STUDENTS OF THIS GROUP:

WE STUDENTS PERFFORMED SIMPLE LEVELLING, FLY LEVELLING AND PROFILE
LEVELLLING.

NOW WE SHALL GO THROUGH THE OVERVIEW OF OF THEM

 SIMPLE LEVELING
It is a simple and basic form of leveling in which the leveling
instrument is placed between the points which elevation is to be find.
Leveling rods are placed at that points and sighted them through
leveling instrument. It is performed only when the points are nearer
to each other without any obstacles.

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PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED:

 Level the instrument correctly.

 Direct the telescope towards the staff held
 Take the reading of Central, horizontal hair of the
diaphram, where it appears to cut the staff ensuring
that the bubble is central.
 Send the staff to next point
 Direct the telescope towards C and focus it again
 Check up the bubble if central, if not bring it to the
Central position by the foot screw nearest to the
telescope.
 Take the reading of Central Horizontal cross hair.
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CALCULATIONS

LAB PATH ELEVEVATION WITH SIMPLE LEVELLING

B.S I.S F.S H.I RL REMARKS

1.287 101.287 100 B.M=100

1.137 100.15
0.981 100.306
0.816 100.471
0.64 100.647
2.45 0.128 103.609 101.159 ….C.P
1.364 102.245
1.262 102.347
1.19 102.419

ARTHEMATIC CHECKS

Σ B.S –ΣF.S= LAST R.L - FIRST R.L

3.737 -1.318 = 102.419 – 100

2.419 = 2.419
Fly Leveling

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FLY LEVELING
Fly leveling is conducted when the benchmark is very far
from the work station. In such case, a temporary bench
mark is located at the work station which is located based
on the original benchmark. Even it is not highly precise it is
used for determining approximate level

PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED:

1. Let A and B be the two given points whose difference is

elevation is to be found.
2. Set the level at a convenient point O1 carryout temporary
adjustments and take B.S on A
3. Take FS on the Point C
4. Shift the instrument to point O2 and perform temporary
adjustments.
5. Take B.S on C.
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6. Take F.S. on D.
7. Shift the instrument to point O3 and perform temporary
adjustments.
8. Take B.S on D
9. Take F.S on B.
10. Find the difference in elevation between A and B by both
the methods

CALCULATIONS

LAB PATH ELEVEVATION WITH FLY LEVELLING

STATION B.S I.S F.S H.I R.L REMARKS

B.M 0.55 100.55 100

A 1.11 2.07 99.59 98.48

B 1.17 1.56 99.2 98.03

C 2.65 0.55 101.3 98.65

D 0.92 1.125 101.095 100.175

B.M 1.09 100.005

ERROR = 0.005

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GROUP C(IUST )

PROFILE LEVELING:

Profile leveling is generally adopted to find elevation of

points along a line such as for road, rails or rivers etc. In
this case, readings of intermediate stations are taken and
reduced level of each station is found. From this cross
section of the alignment is drawn

PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED:

1. Setup and level instrument.

2. Sight Benchmark (point of known elevation) for
Backsight reading.
3. Enter rod reading in Backsight (Bs column 2).

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GROUP C(IUST )

4. Add rod reading (column 2) to Benchmark (column

5) to get Height of Instrument (HI column 3).
5. Sight point to be determined (Foresight) and enter
reading in Foresight (Fs column 4).
6. Subtract Foresight (column 4) from Height of
Instrument (column 3) to get elevation of Foresight
(column 5).
Turning Point
. Rodman maintains position at Foresight.
. Move setup, and level the instrument at new location
(Tp)
. Sight rod at Backsight (last foresight station) and
enter reading in column 2.
. Add rod reading (column 2) to elevation of backsight
(column 5) to get Height of Instrument (column 3).
. Proceed with Foresight (steps 5 and 6 above)

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PLACE WHERE WE PERFORMED L-SECTIONING

LEVELLING

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GROUP C(IUST )

GRAPH OF CALCULATIONS TAKEN FROM L- SECTIONING OF THE

PLACE ABOVE

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GROUP C(IUST )

CROSS SECTIONING OF GIRLS HOSTEL ROAD

NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM

RD 0
back intermediate fore height of reduced
sight sight sight instrument level remarks
temporary bench
0.394 100.394 100 mark
1.36 100.394 99.034 RD0CC
1.44 100.394 98.954 RD0CR
2.2 100.394 98.194 RD0DT1-R
1.945 100.394 98.449 RD0DB1-R
1.04 100.394 99.354 RD0DB2-R
0.715 100.394 99.679 RD0DT2-R
0.685 100.394 99.709 RD0BL-R
1.2 100.394 99.194 RD0PL-R
1.45 100.394 98.944 RD0CRS
1.71 100.394 98.684 RD0CL
1.88 100.394 98.514 RD0CL-S
1.02 100.394 99.374 RD0FL-L

RD 20
1.53 1.58 100.344 98.814 RD20CC
1.49 100.344 98.854 RD20CR
1.6 100.344 98.744 RD20CR-S
1.7 100.344 98.644 RD20DT1-R
2.45 100.344 97.894 RD20DB1-R
1.42 100.344 98.924 RD20DT2-R
1.7 100.344 98.644 RD20D-R (slide)
1.28 100.344 99.064 RD20BL-R
0.87 100.344 99.474 RDP20PL-R
2.45 100.344 97.894 RD20DB2-R
1.59 100.344 98.754 RD20CL
1.61 100.344 98.734 RD20CL-S
0.93 100.344 99.414 RD20FL-L

RD 40
1.28 100.344 99.064 RD40CC
1.13 100.344 99.214 RD40CR
1.15 100.344 99.194 RD40CR-S

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GROUP C(IUST )
1 100.344 99.344 RD40BL-R
1.12 100.344 99.224 RD40CL
1.14 100.344 99.204 RD40CL-S
1.72 100.344 98.624 RD40DT1-L
2.88 100.344 97.464 RD40DB1-L
1.73 100.344 98.614 RD40DT2-L
1.7 100.344 98.644 RD40DL (drain left)
1.58 100.344 98.764 RD40FL-L
2.88 100.344 97.464 RD40DB2-L
1.71 100.344 98.634 RD40BL-L

RD 60
1.47 0.55 101.264 99.794 RD60CC
1.44 101.264 99.824 RD60CR
1.46 101.264 99.804 RD60CR-S
1.42 101.264 99.844 RD60BL-R
1.56 101.264 99.704 RD60CL
1.6 101.264 99.664 RD60CL-S
2.54 101.264 98.724 RD60DT1-L
3.72 101.264 97.544 RD60DB1-L
3.72 101.264 97.544 RD60DB2-L
2.54 101.264 98.724 RD60DT2-L
2.52 101.264 98.744 RD60DL
1.86 101.264 99.404 RD60BL-L
1.35 101.834 99.914 RD60FL-L
1.92
RD 80
0.89 101.834 100.944 RD80C
0.81 101.834 101.024 RD80CR
0.83 101.834 101.004 RD80CR-S
0.58 101.834 101.254 RD80PL-R
1.23 101.834 100.604 RD80CL
1.25 101.834 100.584 RD80CL-S
1.57 101.834 100.264 RD80BL-L

ARITHEMATIC CHECKED
Summation BS 5.314
Summation FS 5.05
First RL 100.264
Second RL 100

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GROUP C(IUST )

SECTIONING AT CHAINAGE 0 METRE

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GROUP C(IUST )

CROSS SECTIONING AT CHAINAGE 40 METRE

CROSS SECTIONING AT CHAINAGE 60 METRE

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GROUP C(IUST )

CROSS SECTIONING AT CHAINAGE 80 METRE

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GROUP C(IUST )

INSTRUMENTS WE USED IN DIFFERENT LEVELLING

METHODS ARE:

 TRIPOD STAND
 AUTO LEVEL
 PLUMB BOB
 LEVEL STAFF
 MEASURING TAPE

TRIPOD STAND:

The tripod is placed in the location where it is needed. The

surveyor will press down on the legs' platforms to securely
anchor the legs in soil or to force the feet to a low position
on uneven, pock-marked pavement. Leg lengths are
adjusted to bring the tripod head to a convenient height and
make it roughly level.
Once the tripod is positioned and secure, the instrument is
placed on the head. The mounting screw is pushed up under
the instrument to engage the instrument's base and
screwed tight when the instrument is in the correct
position. The flat surface of the tripod head is called the
foot plate and is used to support the adjustable feet of the
instrument.
Positioning the tripod and instrument precisely over an indicated
mark on the ground or benchmark requires intricate techniques.

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GROUP C(IUST )

TRIPOD STAND

AUTO LEVEL :

An automatic level, also known as a self-leveling level or a

builder’s auto level, is a professional tool that can establish
or verify points in the same horizontal plane. Builders,
contractors, engineers and land surveyors use these
optical levels to plan structures and developments and
ensure structural soundness.

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GROUP C(IUST )

AUTO LEVEL

PLUMB BOB:

A plumb bob, or plummet, is a weight, usually with a

pointed tip on the bottom, suspended from a string
and used as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line. It is a
precursor to the spirit level and used to establish a vertical
datum.

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GROUP C(IUST )

PLUMB BOB

LEVEL STAFF:

A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated

wooden or aluminium rod, used with a levelling instrument
to determine the difference in height between points or
heights of points above a vertical datum. It cannot
be used without a leveling instrument.

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GROUP C(IUST )

LEVEL STAFF

MEASURING TAPE:

Tapes are used in surveying to take linear measurements. They are

available in different lengths and can be made of different materials.

MEASURING TAPE

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GROUP C(IUST )

ATLAST WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK AGAIN ALL OUR MENTORS

THANK YOU FOR THE ASSISTANCE YOU HAVE

PROVIDED US DURING OUR SURVEY CAMP
WIITH REGARDS: GROUP C –SECTION B

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