DOCUMENT NO January 2019

388 PRN E006173

A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF

WB/CBP/18

Barn 1, Castle farm, Penhow, Newport

Newport County Council

Planning Application No: 15/01/05

By: Mr A Phillips.

QA: Dr N phillips
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

Summary

This report details the findings of an Archaeological Watching Brief, undertaken

during groundworks associated with a planning application to convert an agricultural
barn for residential use.

No archaeological resources were disturbed during groundworks.

Mae’r adroddiad hwn yn manylu ar Orchwyl Gwylio Archeolegol a wnaethpwyd yn

ystod gwaith torri tir yn gysylltiedig â chais cynllunio i droi ysgubor amaethyddol yn
dŷ preswyl.

Ni tharfwyd ar unrhyw adnoddau archeolegol yn ystod y gwaith torri tir.

Copyright Notice:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains
otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.

Cover photograph: Site Image IMG_0277 Depth of excavated area.

2
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

Contents

Contents............................................................................................................................................... 3
Figures ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Plates ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 4
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5
2. Location of the Site .................................................................................................................. 5
3. Topography & Geology ........................................................................................................... 5
4. Brief archaeological and historical background ....................................................................... 5
5. Aims and Objectives ................................................................................................................ 7
6. Procedures ................................................................................................................................ 7
7. Results ...................................................................................................................................... 8
8. Interpretation ............................................................................................................................ 9
9. Archive ..................................................................................................................................... 9
10. Staff .................................................................................................................................... 10
Copyright....................................................................................................................................... 10
Bibliography and References: ........................................................................................................... 11

3
A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

Figures

01 Site Location map

02 Map progressions
03 Surveyed area, with previous evaluation trench placement & current trenches.

Plates
01 General, area of excavation east of barn and shed
02 Excavation to south of out-shut. [100], [101], [102], [103]. Structure to left, [106] continues below
level of excavation
03 South wall of out-shut, [106]. Deposit of black sandy soil to a depth of 200mm, [101], over dark
brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil
with large angular stones.
04 South east of barn and out-shut. Topsoil strip removal. [100].
05 Cut section to east of barn gable. Red sandy clay and turf [108] over [102] dark brown sandy soil
with small angular stones.
06 Area to east of barn, east gable. Depth of excavation 500mm. [108] red sandy clay and turf, over
remains of [100] grass and dark brown loam, over [102], dark brown sandy soil with small angular
stone, over [103] light brown sandy soil with large angular stone.
07 East gable of barn, [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a depth of
100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones. Structure of barn.[107]
continued depth below level of excavation.
08 Foundation trench for outer wall of path cutting into [103]
09 Section at North east corner. [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a
depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones. Structure of barn.[107]
continued depth below level of excavation.
10 Southern end of path wall foundation trench cutting into [103] under recent surface deposit arising
from ongoing works
11 Drainage run west of western gable. Modern tarmac over [103]
12 Drainage run west of western gable. Modern tarmac over [103]
13

Appendices
01 Context
02 Photograph list and contact sheet

4
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

1. Introduction

i. This Archaeological Watching Brief report has been prepared by Mr Adam Phillips, APAC Ltd, in response to
a planning application for conversion of barn to 1No: dwelling with associated access, parking and landscaping
works (amendment to planning permission 09/0760): Pl.App.No. 15/0105.

ii. The planning proposal application was noted by Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust, (GGAT) advisers
to Newport City County, (NCC) as having a potential for impact upon archaeological resources due to its close
proximity to Penhow Castle, (SAM MM1400) and St John the Baptist church, (LB2937).

iii. The approved planning application carried the following condition regarding archaeology:

No development shall take place until the applicant or their agents or successors in title, has secured
the implementation of a programme of archaeological work in accordance with a written scheme of
investigation which has been submitted by the applicant an approved in writing by the local planning
authority,

Reason: to identify and record any features of archaeological interest discovered during the works,
in order to mitigate the impact of the works on the archaeological resources. Ref: NEW0629/CG

iv. As part of the archaeological condition APAC Ltd, prepared a written scheme of investigation, (WSI), detailing
the mitigation process for the proposed watching brief.

v. The WSI was written, submitted and approved by (NCC) in March 2017, with the work arranged to commence
on the 21st January 2018. WSI: WB/CBP/18.

2. Location of the Site

i. The location of the site is just south of the A48 Newport to Chepstow road approximately 8 miles east of
Newport; on the southern slope of an outcrop of mudstone on which Penhow castle sits.

ii. The assessment area is centred on NGR ST 4237 9082. Fig 01.

3. Topography & Geology

i. The site occupies a northwest slope of an outcrop of Mercia Mudstone which has been used for defensive
purposes with the construction of an 12th century castle at its top to guard the road to the north; now the A48.

ii. Most of the outcrop at its northern and western sides has been built upon, the south and east is retained as
pasture.

4. Brief archaeological and historical background

i. Penhow is a small community situated to the north eastern boundary of Newport city.

ii. The name, originally “Penhou” 1130-39, is derived from “pen” – a small steep sided hill to the south of a
village, and “hoh” “place at the Ridge”. Pg.;366, Dictionary of the place names of wales.

iii. The archaeological record for the Penhow area is well represented from prehistory to present; indeed, with
archaeological resources known from Prehistory through to, Roman, Medieval and Post medieval.

iv. Prehistoric evidence noted in the WSI; WSI: WB/CBP/18, suggest that 100m to the west of the assessment
area are cropmarks showing a pair of ditched enclosures, with the largest pit-defining enclosure measuring
25m in diameter, (PRN09226g).

v. There is also LiDAR evidence of a possible defendable iron age hillfort enclosure, 100m to the south east of
the castle, (PRN11309g) and Roman activity is evident, the civitas venta silurum (Caerwent) Cadw REF:
MM001, is near to the assessment area.
5
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

vi. Closer to the site, the Church, Rectory is thought to have been built upon an earlier Roman dwelling; possibly
some Roman fabric is contained within its structure and some Roman ceramics have also been found within
the vicinity, (PRN01012g).

vii. In the 11th century the land was believed to have been held by Caradwg ap Gruffyd, Prince of Gwent, who
made repeated attempts to gain power over all southern Wales until his death in 1081,
https://www.revolvy.com/page/Caradog-ap-Gruffydd.

viii. The community is best known for Penhow castle, (CADW Ref: 3078). A grade II designated building, built as
a moated and fortified stone manor house, with central courtyard.

ix. The building is thought to have been established by Sir Roger De St Maur in the late 12th early 13th century.

x. To the east of the assessment area is the church of St John the Baptist, (Cadw Ref: 2937), a grade II listed
building thought to have origins in the 12th century, “mostly dating from the 13th century when the S aisle was
added”. Ibid.

xi. The assessment areas to be excavated will be focused around the barn structure, directly to the south west of
Penhow castle and west of the Baptist Church.

xii. The south eastern barn is grade II listed, (Cadw Ref: 3056); thought to be a C17, seven bay barn, with southern
lean-to and later C19 additions, whilst the north eastern barn, also grade II listed, (Cadw Ref: 17079) is thought
to be a C19, Byre range with a Roman tile roof.

xiii. Both barn complexes have designated Grade II listings, as a group value with Penhow castle and its associated
buildings.

xiv. In August of 2013, an archaeological evaluation was conducted by “Church & Site Archaeological services”
and focused on the immediate area to the east of the south eastern barn complex, 460/2013/08/EV.

xv. The evaluation consisted of three trenches; Trench 1 was 1.3m x 2.2m and dug to a depth of 1300mm and
produced an array of mid to late medieval ceramic sherds, post medieval ceramic sherds and animal bone
fragments, ibid.

xvi. Trench two was 1.8m x 4.2m and excavated to a depth of 2m, yielding a mixture of med and post med finds,
and both animal and unidentified bone fragments, ibid.

xvii. The third trench was 1.7m x 6.2m and excavated to a depth of 480mm, again yielding med to post medieval
finds, ibid.

xviii. Cartographic coverage of the area begins with the tithe map, 1843, Fig 02a which shows the area of the barns,
standing much as it does today.

xix. That said, the western-most barn (byre) however, only records the northern section, then running east to west.

xx. The southern addition by this point has not been added, whilst to the immediate north west of the barns are a
group of out-buildings.

xxi. The apportionment for the area, (including the castle and majority of the surrounding land; not including the
church and its subsequent lands), are all owned by William Cave and occupied by Ann Keane, with the land
being listed as “castle farms”.

xxii. On the 1887 map, Fig 02b, a little more detail has been added to the source material, although nothing has
changed to the barns in question.

6
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18
xxiii. The map shows an area to the north of the western barn as a geometrically decorated garden, more than likely
typical of the Georgian period, the southern boundary of the decorative garden runs in close proximity to the
western barn’s northern elevation.

xxiv. On the 1922 map, Fig 02c, some of the more decorative features have been lost and two major structural
changes are noticeable.

xxv. The first change is the southern addition to the north western barn, running south to north, from the western
edge of the southern elevation of the earlier barn.

xxvi. The second structural change is to the group of buildings to the immediate north west of the barns which have
been amalgamated into one building; although the building isn’t within the assessment area, the close
proximity may have had an adverse effect on any archaeological resources in the assessment area.

xxvii. By the time of the modern mapping, Fig 02d, the buildings have undergone little of change, however, there is
some interest concerning the south eastern barn’s northern wall, which appears to extend further to the north
than in previous maps.

xxviii. The fabric of the barn as its stands would suggest it was part of the original building; however, this would
mean that the earlier mapping may have had an error.

5. Aims and Objectives

i. The aims of an archaeological watching brief, as defined by the chartered Institute of Field Archaeologists
(CIFA, 2014) are:

• To ensure that any buried remains located within the development area are fully investigated and recorded
if revealed as a consequence of the site works;
• To provide an opportunity for the archaeologists present to signal to all interested parties, before the
destruction of the material in question, that an archaeological find has been made for which the resources
of the watching brief itself are not sufficient to support treatment to a satisfactory and proper standard;
• If such a find is made, representatives of both the client and the regional Development Control
Officer/County Archaeologist will be informed and a site meeting organised, as appropriate.
• The watching brief also ensured that: in the event of archaeological resources of significance, being
discovered and requiring treatment beyond the remit of the watching brief, that steps would be implemented
to ensure that their treatment would be undertaken within the standards recommended by the CIFA

ii. The findings of this programme of work could be used to inform future proposed work at the site

6. Procedures

i. As the site is bordered by a public access route, the contractor had secured the area with Harris fencing fitted
with appropriate signage; as per Health and Safety guidelines.

ii. This limited the workable area somewhat, requiring the removal of spoil; both current and unspecified previous
which required levelling, to a different location nearby.

iii. The initial work began in sunny and favourable conditions on the 21/01/2019, with the site set-out as per the
written scheme of investigation, WSI: WB/CBP/18.

iv. Before any ground disturbance took place, the area was surveyed using a Geomax Zenith 25 GPS, to note the
current structures, road and the area’s natural ground contours, fig 03.

v. The survey was updated at the close of the watching brief and detail of trench positions included.

vi. The ground disturbance work observed under of the watching brief, was undertaken in two phases of one day;
each; a year apart.
7
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18
vii. The first phase required ground levelling and stabilisation in order to erect scaffold required to consolidate and
repair the fabric of the building.

viii. Unfortunately, the phase 2 work was concentrated in the area of the scaffolding and so had to wait until the
building work had been completed.

ix. All excavation was undertaken using a small mechanical digger fitted with a grading bucket; the work observed
under archaeological supervision.

x. A photographic record of the ground disturbance was kept using a Canon Eos 6D MKII digital camera with
images recorded as both high res jpg & tiff.

xi. Each photograph contains a scale where possible and its detail recorded on site in a photographic register.

xii. Contexts were recorded on pro-forma sheets and listed in an index register.

xiii. No finds occurred during the excavation and no samples were taken.

7. Results

All contexts are denoted with [#]and cross referenced with appendix I, (context list ) & II, (Photographic list).
Plates are denoted by PL## and cross referenced with appendix II Photographic list.

i. The first phase of work was to excavate the narrow section of ground between the southern out-shut and the
road; for the scaffolding base, PL01.

ii. The excavation revealed a simple re-deposition sequence of [100] grass in dark brown loam, over [102] dark
brown sandy soil with angular stone and ceramic building material (CBM), over a lighter brown sandy soil
with larger angular stone, [103], PL02.

iii. The deposition sequence along the wall of the out-shut differed with the addition of a tapering deposit of black
sandy soil [101] against the wall [106], PL03, whilst along the road there was tarmacadam [106] over a
bedding of angular chippings [105].

iv. The wall itself [106] was constructed of coursed rubble masonry with some old entrances, edged in machine
made brick, blocked and rendered, PL01.

v. Excavation in this area did not go beyond the deposition layer of [103], nor did it uncover the foundation of
the out-shut wall [106]

vi. Ground disturbance work then relocated to the grass bank to the east of the barn where a soil strip was
undertaken to a depth of about 100mm; mostly confined to deposition sequence [100] with occasional impact
into [102], PL04.

vii. The soil strip was continued across the site to the extent shown on the survey fig 03; further north and east
there were recent spoil heaps of red sandy clay with turf [109] that did not require any modification other than
to define an edge, PL05 & PL06.

viii. The next ground works concentrated on excavation into the ground along the eastern gable of the barn; again,
to provide a suitable and stable area on which to erect scaffolding, PL06 & PL07.

ix. The deposition sequence was the same as had been found along the south of the out-shut but with a lesser bulk
of [101] against the wall [107].

x. The wall itself differed from that of the out-shut, being in un-coursed rubble masonry that extended beyond
the excavation depth in deposition sequence [103].

8
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

xi. The depth of excavation, which did not reach the bottom of the wall foundation, is shown in PL07; about
900mm at the centre of the building but reducing to around 600mm at the east end of the outshut, PL08.

xii. Although the ground was relatively level at the end of the dig, the decrease in depth was clearly attributable
to a shallower deposit of [102] at the southern end.

xiii. A second phase of work was undertaken a year later, after external building work had been completed, and
concentrated on two shallow footings and a shallow drainage trench.

xiv. Along the east gable of the barn, previously levelled ground was reduced some 200mm for a foundation trench,
PL08, of a proposed wall that will edge the paved area to be built between it and the barn gable end.

xv. Almost the entire reduction was confined to the deposition sequence [103] noted above with one exception at
the northern end, where a small area of the 2019 excavation remained, showing under a recent stone deposit
the sequence [109], over [101], [102], [103], PL 09.

xvi. The next excavation work reduced the verge along the roadside, PL10, to accommodate some steps and a
connecting path to the eastern paved area, referred to above, and fig03.

xvii. Again, the excavation work remained almost entirely within deposition layer [103], although [104] and [105]
were re-exposed.

xviii. The final work to be undertaken was a shallow services trench of about 150mm depth along the western gable
of the barn; to connect to existing services, PL11 & PL12.

xix. This work was again confined to deposition layer [103] which underlay a modern tarmacadam driveway.

8. Interpretation

The earlier evaluation undertaken by Church and Site Archaeological services, recorded a number of finds dating
from 13th/14th c to 18th/19th c 460/2013/08/Ev, but concluded that there was a possibility that they had derived from
levelling and clearance work at both the church, its car park and castle.

The archaeological watching brief conducted for this report did not impact on any evidence of archaeological
resources within the groundworks, nor were any finds observed other than a few sherds of blue and white ceramic
and a ring pull.

The differing results are two-fold, in the first instance the previous evaluation work may have removed the few stray,
redeposited finds, and in the second, the excavation did not reach the depth of the evaluation trenches.

Evidence of finds apart, the ground that was disturbed during this present work was entirely redeposited back fill
and no natural surface was found.

9. Archive
i. As the archive has no artefacts, therefore digital copies of the archive; following current published guidance,
will be deposited with the following:

Gwent County Records Office

HER GGAT:

http://www.ggat.org.uk/her/downloads/Guidance%20for%20the%20Submission%20of%20Data%20to%20Wels
h%20HERs.pdf

RCAHMW:
https://rcahmw.gov.uk/wp-content/.../RCAHMW-Guidelines-for-Digital-Archives.pdf

9
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

ii. The original archive will be retained by A.P.A.C. Ltd.

iii. The project archives will consist of all original records, and all documentation that relates to the watching
brief; copies of the WSI and any relevant correspondence will be included.

iv. The archives will be prepared according to the Management of Archaeological Projects, English Heritage,
MoRPHE V1.2 (2015) so the records will be fully ordered and indexed.

v. The archives will be deposited within twelve months of the completion of the watching brief and with the
agreement of the landowner.

vi. A synopsis of the project will be submitted to CBA Wales.

10. Staff

i. Dr Neil Phillips, A.P.A.C. Ltd, managed the project and undertook the fieldwork and report production.

Dr N. Phillips has been active in archaeology since 1997, completing his 1st degree in
1999 followed by a research PhD in 2004. Dr Phillips started, and has been director of
A.P.A.C. Ltd since 2004.

A.P.A.C. Ltd is an archaeological consultancy specialising in landscape archaeology and

survey work. Dr Phillips interests lie locally with the medieval period and industrial
period although he has been involved in international Palaeolithic projects both in the UK
as well as Europe and Africa. Scibd currently carries a range of archaeological projects
completed by APAC Ltd (search APAC. Ltd or Dr N Phillips).

ii. APAC. Ltd has current Public Liability and Professional Indemnity Insurance with Towergate, (924765101
CHC).

Copyright

i. A.P.A.C. Ltd will retain full copyright of any reports and specialist reports, under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act of 1988 with all rights reserved.

ii. A.P.A.C. Ltd hereby gives permission for the monitoring authority to use any documentation directly relating
to the project as described in this Report

10
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Barn 1. Castle Farm, Penhow WB/CBP/18

Bibliography and References:

APAC, LTD Written scheme of investigation: WSI: WB/CBP/18 Barn 1, Castle Farm, Penhow,
Newport

CADW listings: Penhow castle, (Ref: 3078), (SAM MM1400).

Church of St John the Baptist, (Ref: 2937)
South Western barn complex, (Ref: 3056)
North western Byre, (Ref: 17079)

Chartered Institute for

Archaeologists, (CIFA). Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief. 2014.

Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the regulation of
Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology. 2008.

Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and

research of archaeological materials. 2014.
Church and Site Archaeological
Services Report No:460/2013/08/Ev. Barn 1, Castle Farm, Penhow, Newport.

English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (2015).

(Historic England)

GGAT. NEW0629/CG, Conversion of barn to 1No: dwelling with associated access, parking
and landscaping works (amendment to planning permission 09/0760): Pl.App.No.
15/0105.

Hywel Wyn Owen

Richard Morgan Dictionary of the place names of Wales. Pg., 366, Monm ST4290. Printed by Gomer
press, 2008

Management of Archaeological
Projects. MoRPHE V1.2 (2015)

NCC Pl.App. No. 15/0105. (amendment to planning permission 09/0760), Conversion of

barn to 1No: dwelling with associated access, parking and landscaping works. Barn 1,
Castle farm, Penhow, Newport, NP26 3BD

RCAHMW. National Standard and Guidance to Best Practice for Collecting and Depositing
Archaeological Archives in Wales, 2017
The Welsh
Archaeological
Trusts. Guidance for the Submission of Data to the Welsh Historic Environment Records
(HERs) 2018

WOC 60/96 Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology.

Welsh Office Circular 60/96. Section 23.

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Online sources http://maps.nls.uk

https://magic.defra.gov.uk/
https://googlemaps.co.uk
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/mapViewers/home.html
https://www.revolvy.com/page/Caradog-ap-Gruffydd.

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: Wyastone Estate, Wyastone Leys, Monmouth, NP25 3SR.
Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: [email protected]
Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. BA (Hons). Cert Ed/FE. MCIFA.

11
 The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
Barn 1, Castle farm, Penhow

Fig 01: Location

 Barn 1, Castle farm, Penhow

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
N N

Fig 02a: Tithe map. Published 1843. Fig 02b: Monmouthshire XXX. Surveyed 1880-1881.
Published 1887.

N N

Fig 02c: Monmouthshire XXX. Revised 1918-1919. Fig 02d: Magic maps.
A.P.A.C. Ltd BS/CFM/18
Published 1922.
 Barn 1, Castle Farm, Penhow, Newport

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

55.064

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91 53.954

KEY

Edge of building

51.025
Edge of road

53.041
Evaluation trenches excavated in 2013 51.940
by Church and site archaeological
services

Contours

20cm increments

1m increments
0 5 10
M

Fig 03 Surveyed area, with approximate trench placement of earlier evaluation & A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
current foundation and services trenches.
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_0264
General, area of excavation east of barn and shed

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 01
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_0266
Excavation to south of out-shut. [100], [101], [102], [103]. Structure to left, [106]
continues below level of excavation

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 02
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_0267
South wall of out-shut, [106]. Deposit of black sandy soil to a depth of 200mm, [
101], over dark brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a depth of 100mm,
over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones.

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 03
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_0268
South east of barn and out-shut. Topsoil strip removal. [100].

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 04
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_0271
Cut section to east of barn gable. Red sandy clay and turf [108] over [102] dark
brown sandy soil with smal angular stones.

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 05
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_0276
Area to east of barn, east gable. Depth of excavation 500mm. [108] red sandy clay
and turf, over remains of [100] grass and dark brown loam, over [102], dark brown
sandy soil with small angular stone, over [103] light brown sandy soil with large
angular stone..

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 06
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_0275

East gable of barn, [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular
stones to a depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular
stones. Structure of barn.[107] continued depth below level of excavation.

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 07
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_1177
Foundation trench for outer wall of path cutting into [103]

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 08
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_1176
Section at North east corner. [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with
small angular stones to a depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy
soil with large angular stones. Structure of barn.[107] continued depth
below level of excavation.

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 09
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_1178
Southern end of path wall foundatio trench cutting into [103] under recent
surface deposit arising from on going works

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 10
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_1180
Drainage run west of western gable. Modern tarmac over [103]

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 11
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 Castle Barn, Penhow

img_1181

Drainage run west of western gable. Modern tarmac over [103]

342349
190799
48.44

BARN

342346
190782
50.37
342358
190782
51.91

0 5 10
M

PLATE 12
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CBP/18
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix I Penhow. WB/CBP/18
Context

Site: Barn 1, Penhow Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No:

ST42379082 WB/CBP/18
CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS
100 Site Surface Grassed area on dark brown loam
101 South Deposit Black sandy soil against wall of shed, spread some 800mm wide.
Depth 200mm feathering out to south.
102 Site Deposit Dark brown sandy soil with small angular stone and occasional
broken pan tiles, depth 100mm
103 Site Deposit Light brown sandy soil with larger angular stone 200mm to ?
104 South & Surface Tarmac road
east
105 South & Deposit Chippings for road bedding
east
106 South & Structure Wall of out-shut. Coursed masonry with machine made brick
east framed openings filled with uncoursed stone
107 East Structure Barn wall, uncoursed masonry
109 East Deposit Red sandy clay and turf
Site name:Barn 1, Castle Farm, Penhow Appendix II A.P.A.C. Ltd
PRN:
Digital Photographic Record Project No:................... Project code: WB/CBP/18

View Date of
Photo No facing Description Phographer photograph Compiled by Date Plates
IMG_0263 NE Land to the east of barns before excavation N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
IMG_0264 NW General, area of excavation east of barn and shed N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019 PL01
Topsoil removal to south of out-shut. [100], [101], [102], [103]. Road surface to right, [104].
IMG_0265 E/V Structure to left, [106] N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
Excavation to south of out-shut. [100], [101], [102], [103]. Structure to left, [106] continues
IMG_0266 NE below level of excavation N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019 PL02
South wall of out-shut, [106]. Deposit of black sandy soil to a depth of 200mm, [101], over
dark brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown
IMG_0267 N sandy soil with large angular stones. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019 PL03
IMG_0268 SE South east of barn and out-shut. Topsoil strip removal. [100]. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019 PL04
IMG_0269 W Ground to east of barn gable. [100] over [102] N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
IMG_0270 SW Ground to east of barn gable. [100] over [102] over [103] N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
Cut section to east of barn gable. Red sandy clay and turf [108] over [102] dark brown sandy
IMG_0271 N soil with smal angular stones. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019 PL05
Cut section to east of barn gable. Red sandy clay and turf [108] over [102] dark brown sandy
IMG_0272 NE soil with smal angular stones. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
East gable of barn, [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a
depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones. Structure of
IMG_0273 NW barn.[107] continued depth below level of excavation. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
East gable of barn, [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a
depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones. Structure of
IMG_0274 W barn.[107] continued depth below level of excavation. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
East gable of barn, [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular stones to a
depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones. Structure of
IMG_0275 W barn.[107] continued depth below level of excavation. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019 PL07
Area to east of barn, east gable. Depth of excavation 500mm. [108] red sandy clay and turf,
over remains of [100] grass and dark brown loam, over [102], dark brown sandy soil with
IMG_0276 N small angular stone, over [103] light brown sandy soil with large angular stone. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019 PL06
Area to east of barn, east gable. Depth of excavation 500mm. [108] red sandy clay and turf,
over remains of [100] grass and dark brown loam, over [102], dark brown sandy soil with
IMG_0277 N small angular stone, over [103] light brown sandy soil with large angular stone. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
Bottom of excavation to east of barn, [107]. Bottom depth [103] light brown sandy soil with
IMG_0278 V/W large angular stones. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
East of out-shut [106]. [100] grass and dark brown loam over [102] dark brown sandy soil
with small angular stone and broken pan tiles, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large
IMG_0279 W angular stones. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
South eastern corner of out-shut, [106]. Ground ascends around structure's corner. Partial
[101] black sandy soil against shed wall, over [103], lighr brown sandy soil with large angular
IMG_0280 E/V stones. N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019
Site name:Barn 1, Castle Farm, Penhow Appendix II A.P.A.C. Ltd
PRN:
Digital Photographic Record Project No:................... Project code: WB/CBP/18

South of out-shut, [106] southern elevation, small deposit of [101] black sandy soil spread
some 800mm wide against wall. Over [103] light brown sandy soil with large angular stones.
Area directly to south (left), contians surface feature, Tarmac road, [104] over deposit of
IMG_0281 W bedding chipping, [105], over light brown sandy soil with large angular stones. [103] N Phillips 21/01/2019 A Phillips 23/01/2019

IMG_1169 N Initial site layout on second visit, Eastern gable N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019
IMG_1170 W Initial site layout on second visit, south elevation and road. Proposed step area N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019
IMG_1171 S Initial site layout on second visit, east gable end and proposed path and parking spot N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019
IMG_1172 W Initial site layout on second visit. North elevation and yard N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019

IMG_1173 NW Removal of overburden of rubble from ongoing building works. North extent of proposed path N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019
North east corner of building with wall joint. Just beyond previously exsposed foundation from
IMG_1174 NE 2019 ground work, (IMG_0275 21/01/2019). N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019
Section at North east corner. [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular
stones to a depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones.
IMG_1175 N Structure of barn.[107] continued depth below level of excavation. N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019
Section at North east corner. [107]. Deposit of dark brown sandy soil with small angular
stones to a depth of 100mm, over [103], light brown sandy soil with large angular stones.
IMG_1176 N Structure of barn.[107] continued depth below level of excavation. N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019 PL09
IMG_1177 N Foundation trench for outer wall of path cutting into [103] N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019 PL08
Southern end of path wall foundatio trench cutting into [103] under recent surface deposit
IMG_1178 E arising from on going works N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019 PL10
IMG_1179 E Flight of steps foundation along southern elevation, cut into [103] N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019
IMG_1180 E Drainage run west of western gable. Modern tarmac over [103] N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019 PL11
IMG_1181 N Drainage run west of western gable. Modern tarmac over [103] N Phillips 17/01/2020 N Phillips 29/01/2019 PL12