General instruction:- write the letter which corresponds to the correct answer in the space provided to

each question on the separate answer sheet .

Direction: Choose the best answer from the given alternatives

1. Which one of the following is erroneous about the Malthusian population theories? A. . Malthus
believed that the solution to population problems was socialism. B. Malthusian population theories have
pessimistic views on the effects of population growth C. Malthus believed that population growth would
cause food scarcities D. .Malthus considered that people are poor because of their failure to control
their sexual urge and limit their family size 2. According to Boserup, when population grows rapidly, A.
resulting devastating consequences in the socio-economic and environmental developments B. human
beings would innovate some kinds of technological or scientific mechanisms C. leads to scarcity of food
and other resources D. all of the above 3. The population pyramid of Ethiopia looks like A. triangle with a
very broad base tapering to a narrow apex B. indicates the preponderance of the old age population C.
the level of mortality is low and that very few people reach old age. D rectangular with very wide base
and narrow apex 4. The age structure of Ethiopia’s population indicates A has a high proportion of old
age population B. has a high proportion of young age dependent population C has a low proportion of
young age dependent population D. has the lowest Population of child population 5. The population
pyramid of developed countries reflects - A .Low fertility and low mortality B. Balanced proportion of
people in various ages Score % Tests Final Others Total Full Name ____________________________
Grade - 12 Section ________ 4 th Quarter Final mode Exam Subject – Geography Year: 2012 E.C Exam.
Room: ________ Time allowed: 2:00hr 2 C Shows high proportion of young people D Shows high rate of
fertility and mortality E A and B 6. Knowing the age and sex structure of a given population helps: A. To
design polices and strategies according to the actual characteristics of the population. B. To plan for the
future to make certain arrangements in the age and sex structure of the population C. To take
appropriate actions and decisions to meet the actual demands of the population. D All of the above 7.
The largest proportion of populationin Ethiopia is found in A Oromiya region. C Afar region B. Amhara
region. D SNNP regional state 8. The three most sparsely populated regions of Ethiopia are A Somali,
Afar and Gambella B. Harari, Afar and Beneshangul Gumuz regions C Tigray, Somali and Gambella
regions D Sidama, SNNP and Gambella regions 9. Why is Ethiopia’s population distributed unevenly?
Because A. natural and human related factors B. Ethiopia is the land of both Christian and Muslims C.
Resource use pattern of the country D. Development of infrastructure within the country 10. The very
high concentration of people over the central highlands of Ethiopia is partlythe result of A. movements
of the Semitic and Cushitic (Oromo) People B. Physical factors C Addis Ababa to Djibouti railway D None
of these 11. Why the Somali and Afar regions of Ethiopia are sparsely populated? A. There are areas
with extremely high temperature and high rainfall conditions B They are confined to the tropical region
C. They are found to the lowland areas D. they are regions which are dominated by areas with arid and
semi-arid climatic conditions. 12. In Ethiopia, a given settlement is said to be urban when it fulfills the
following criteria. Except A. The settlement has a minimum of 2000 people. B. Two-thirds of the
population in the settlement are engaged in non-agricultural activities 3 C. The settlement has a
chartered municipality. D. The Presence primary economic activities 13. The two major historical factors
beneath the development of many urban centers in Ethiopiawere A. The movement of Cush People and
Ethio-Djibouti railway B. Interconnection of different parts of the country by all-weather roads and the
five-year Italian occupation C. The presence of raw materials and Industrial products D None of these 14.
permanent rural settlements of Ethiopia are associated with A Location of Industries B Provision of
services and hotel industries C crop farming highlands D. Nomadic herding lowland areas of the country.
15. Why temporary rural settlements of Ethiopia are concentrated over the lowland areas? A. The
scarcity of pasture lands B. The scarcity of fresh water C. The pastoralist way of life of the people D All of
the above 16. The difference between fertility and mortality is known as A. Net Natural fertility. C Rate
of Natural increase B. Natural change. D. Crude death rate 17. Which regional state of Ethiopia has the
highest fertility rate? A. Oromiya region. C Afar region B. Amhara region. D SNNP regional state 18. All of
the following are the major factors for high fertility rate in Ethiopia Except A. Early marriage and Low
status of women B Low rates of infant and child mortality C. Parental valuing of children in terms of high
social and economic value D. Low levels of family planning practices 19. Rapid population growth in
Ethiopia has resulted in A. Deforestation, C. A and B B. Pollution and soil erosion. D None of these 20.
Why does Ethiopia use an anti-natalist population policy? A. major problem of population in Ethiopia is
high rate of fertility and this policy addresses this problem. B. The economy of the country C The
Country demands more labor force D. The policy wants to promote the social worlfare of the people 4
21. All of the following are objectives of Ethiopia’s population policy Except: A. Closing the gap between
high population growth and low economic productivity B. Ensuring environmental protections C.
increasing morbidity and mortality D. Reducing the rate of rural-to-urban migration . 22. smallest share
of the Ethiopia’s urban populationis found in A. Afar region. C Berneshangul Gumuz B Gambella. D.
Harari 23. The three most urbanized regions of Ethiopia are A Amhara, Onomiya and Tigray B. SNNP ,
Gambella and Afar C. Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa , and Harari, D.SNNPR, Amhara and Oromiya 24. Economic
growth is A. Transformation of the entire quality of life of a whole society. B. a process involving
economic as well as social, political, cultural, and environmental changes C. a quantitative change in the
national capital regardless of political, economic, cultural and other improvements. D. qualitative
accumulation of national capital. 25. . All of the following continents are considered developed Except A
Europe. B. North America C South America D Australia 26. the dominant sector of the Ethiopian
economy is A Agriculture B service. C Industry. D. forestry 27. All of the following are major objectives of
ADLI Except: A. Improving agricultural productivity B. Improving farmers’ access to fertilizers. C. Assisting
farmers with extensional services D. Expanding financial institutions that help to improve the financial
status of local farmers. E. None of this 28. To which neighboring countries Ethiopia has a minor
relationship A Eritrea and Somalia C Kenya and Sudan B Sudan and Djibouti D Sudan and Egypt 29. which
one of the following can be a geographic factor that derive countries to establish economic relationships
A physiographic variation C comparative advantages B political affiliations D None 5 30. PASDEP program
of Ethiopia is based on the following activitiesExcept A. massive push to accelerated growth B. Focusing
on Ethiopia’s very different agro-ecological area C. A renewed look at several-urban linkages and the
urban agenda. D. Unleashing the potential of Ethiopian women. 31. Which one of the following is Not a
serious factor of Socio-economic development in Ethiopia A. General Scarcity of natural resources B.
shortage of trained manpower and lack of efficient management System C. system of management of
agricultural lands D Insignificant decline in rate of population growth 32. One of the following is an
indicator of physical causes of underdevelopment in Ethiopia? A. Per Capita income C. level of
investment B. Population growth D. Drought 33. Which one of the following is an economic factor? A.
Civil War B. Drought and famine B. Fast population growth D. Investment capital 34. One of the
following is a possible means to bring about sustainable development in Ethiopia? A. Raising agricultural
productivity B Appropriate utilization of aid C Raising the rate of population D Decentralization and
liberation of the political and economic systems E. All except C 35. One of the following is an example of
endemic on highland of Ethiopia? A. Hayne B Giraffe. C .Gelada baboon. D wild Ass 36. One of the
following does NOT belong to the group of key forces that explain the geologic history of Ethiopia? A.
folding. B. faulting. C. earth quake. D mass movement 37. An Ethiopian river which is relatively less
suitable for the generation of hydroelectric power is A. Baro. B. Ghibe: C Abay. D Tekeze 38. In which
part of Ethiopia do you expect to find the thickest layer of Addigrat sandstone ? A. In the Western most
areas of Tigray region B. In eastern most part of Somali region c In Northern most part of Afar region D
In Western most part of Gambella region 39. Which of the following regions has the largest proportion
of urban population of Ethiopia? A. Amhara National and regional state 6 B The Oromiya National and
regional state C Tigray National and regional state D Southern National and regional state 40. Which one
of the following mountains of Ethiopia is different from the others in its location? A mt. Chilalo. B. Mt.
Batu. C mt. Tulu Dimtu D mt. Gughe 41. Which one of the following rivers of Ethiopia belongs to rift
valley drainage system? A. A wash. B. Abay C Ghenalle . D Bishello 42. Which one of the following
sectors in Ethiopia contributes the least to the GDP of Ethiopia? A. Industry sector. C. The industry sector
B. The mining sector. D. The service sector 43. Maps have long become the essential and distinct tools of
geographers mainly because A. They are relatively easier to prepare in school situations B They plays a
unique role in reducing spatial distribution and interactions to an observable C Geographers have
accumulated wealth of experience in using them D. The use of other media for geographic education has
been growing down Over the last decades 44. Seasonal distribution of rainfall and temperature in Africa
is influenced mainly by A it's size and shape B. Wind Systems and air pressure over and around it C. its
location in relation to the Asian landmasses D the pattern of distribution of the remaining forest cover
45. One of the following themes relates Least to nature of geography A Interaction between human
beings and the environment B. Distribution of natural phenomenon affecting human use of the earth C
social and cultural patterns of the earth D Analysis of the chemical composition of metallic minerals 46.
Which one of the following is a direct outcome of the astronomical location of Ethiopia? A The spatial
distribution of mountains and valleys in the country B. the cultural diversity of its population C The
emergence of Addis Ababa as the capital city of the nation D The fact that Addis Ababa experiences
overhead Sun two times in a year 47. The present boundaries between the Ethiopian regions (kilills)
could best be described as: A Physical. C Economic B anthropogenic. D. Politico-historical 48. Which one
of the following is NOT an expected outcome of modern geographic research? A. Challenging the laws of
nature B. enhancing Knowledge 7 C Predicting about the future D Finding Solutions to a certain
problems 49. The Hintalo limestone of Ethiopia was deposited during the _____Period A. Tertiary. B
Jurassic. C Triassic D Quaternary 50. The most elevated parts. of the Ethiopian Rift valley is found in the
A Afar Depression. C lower Omo Valley B lower Awash Valley. D Lakes region 51. which of the following
is NOT among the general objectives of the National population policy of Ethiopia? A. improving the
social and economic status of Women, Youth and children B. Harmonizing the rates of economic and
population growth c Bringing an end to rural Urban migration through Speedy rural development
Programs D Narrowing the wide Urban-rural gap in people's access to basic public services 52. As cacao
is to Ghana Tobacco is to A.Zambia. B. Senegal. C Sudan D. Zimbabwe 53. The major focus of research in
geography is explaining the A History of nations and Nationalities B variable character of the earth's
surface C Element that constitute the core of the earth D Elements that constitute the upper part of the
atmosphere 54 which one of the following questions could be more appropriately raised by
contemporary geographers? A. What is the name of longest river in Africa? B where do you find the
deepest lake in Asia? C Why do we find more concentration of French Speakers in Quebec than the
other regions of Canada? D How could Emperor Haile Selassie rule Ethiopia longer the Emperor Meneliks
55. Which one of the following is NOT correct about the trend of population growth In Ethiopia? A. The
population size increased by about 50 million between 1900 and 2000 B Annual growth rate increased
from 0.2 % to 2.92% between 1900 and 2000 C Doubling time increased from 24 to more than 300
between 1900 and 2000 D The present trend of increase in population size in expected to continue in
the future 56. which one of the following is the most important determinant of present relief features of
Ethiopia? A. volcanic activities of Tertiary Period B. Paleozoic geological process C The regression and
Transgression of the sea from the South east D Precambrian mountain building process 8 57. Which one
of the following types of soil in Ethiopia is most suitable for the production of Coffee , cereals and inset
A Xenosols. B. Nitrosols. C Lithosols. D Yermosols 58. In which part of Ethiopia do you expect to find the
highest Variability of annual rainfall? A The southwestern highlands B Arsi-Bale massif C The Rift valley
lakes region D The northeastern Lowlands 59. Which of the following statements about regional
economic groupings such as ECOWAS and SADC is correct? A. Their role in promoting economic
Integration has been disappointing B. They have played a remarkable role in promoting economic
growth of Africa C Their role in Promoting free-trade has been our standing D They have led to
significant economic restructuring in the Countries involved 60. Which of the following economic sectors
is the leading source of employment in the urban centers of Ethiopia? A. Industries. C services B.
Agriculture. D. Construction 61 Which one or the following modern manufacturing industries in Ethiopia
Currently employs the largest labor force? A. Assembly of motor vehicles B Textile Industries C chemical
industries D Iron and steel manufacturing 62. The northern extreme point of Africa is located at A Cape
Agulhas. C Cape Verde B. Cape Bon. D Cape Guardafui 63. A tentative answer to research problem or
questions is referred as A research methodology. C Data gathering B. Hypothesis. D Research objective
64. One of the following Rivers of Ethiopia is NOT presently used for the generation of Hydroelectric
power? A. Ghenalle. C Wabeshebele B. Tekeze. D Abay 65. Which one of the following Places
experiences sunrise approximately One hour ahead of Gambella? A. Adama B. Assossa C Jigjiga. D
Moyale 9 66. A single Super landmass that held all continents together mil1ions of years back was
referred by Alfred Wagner as_________ A. Laura Asia. B. Gondwanaland. C Pangaea. D. Tathys 67. The
Maghreb region of northern Africa receives its winter rainfall from A South east monsoon Winds B North
Westerly winds C North polar easterlies D South Polar easterlies 68. Which one of the following drainage
patterns has the shape of the branch of a tree? A. Trellis. B. Radial. C. Dendritic. D. Braided 69. Which
one of the following lowlands of Ethiopia receives the lowest amount of annual rainfall? A. Baro
Lowlands B The rift Valley lakes region C Tekeze -Angereb lowlands D. The Omo river basin 70. Which
one of the following is NOT among the major factors behind the extremely uneven distribution of
population in Ethiopia? A. Slope and drainage. C Latitudinal factors B. Altitudinal factors. D. Historical
factors 71. Which one of the following characteristically grows on swampy areas or water logged
grounds? A. Bamboo forests B. Tropical Savannah C mangrove vegetation D Mediterranean vegetation
72. Which one of the following can result in the decline of the total Fertility Rate (TFR) of the population
if countries like Ethiopia? A. Increase age at marriage B Declining Child Mortality rate C Declining infant
mortality rate D Increase in maternal mortality 73. Which of the following drainage Basin of Ethiopia is
the largest in terms of Catchment area? A. Abay drainage basin B. Ghibe-Omo drainage basin C Baro-
Akobo drainage basin D Wabeshebele drainage basin 74. Which regional State of Ethiopia has largest
number of national Parks 10 A Oromiya. B. Gambella C. SNNPR. D. Amhara 75. In which settlement
hierarchies do you categorize Addis Ababa? A. large city B. Metropolis. C. large towns D. megalopolis 76.
Which one of the highland forests is found on the highest altitude? A. Junipers. B. podocarpus C
Arundria. D Hagenia Abessinia 77. Which one of the following is Ethiopia's Current development
strategy? A. Growth and Transformation program B sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction
(SDPE) C sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction program (SDPRP) D Plan for Accelerated and
sustainable Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) 78. Topographic maps are A Concerned with only one
topic B. Do not give many types of data C Large scale map Covering Small areas with great details D Then
are Classified into qualitative and quantitative maps 79. All of the following are quantitative distribution
maps except A Isopletic maps. C. Chorochometic maps B Dot maps. D. Choroplethic maps 80. Identify
the Wrong Combination A. Testing hypothesis—Quantitative approach B. Analyzing non-numerical
information—Quantitative approach C. Analyzing numerical information—Quantitative approach D.
Applying statistical and mathematical tools—Quantitative approach 81.which one of the following can
be a limitation of maps? They are: A. selective B. not visually convenient C not easy to fold and handle D.
None of these 82. General Purpose Maps A. Show various natural and cultural features B Prepared often
with large scale C- Cover a relatively smaller area D. Prepared often with small scale 83. Sketch Maps are
_________ A- Prepared with no scale B- Can be prepared quickly C- Not based upon conventional signs
and symbols D.Need more time to prepare 84. Which one of the following is correct of the relative
position of Africa? 11 A. Africa is a vast continent found between the topic of cancer and Capricorn B.
Africa is a continent found to the west of Indian Ocean C. Africa is bounded by four major extreme
points D The continent is crossed by both equator anal Prime meridians 85. The most populous region of
Africa is A Western Africa. C Eastern Africa B. southern Africa. D. Northern Africa. 86 a narrow Sea
passage between Africa and EuropeA Gibraltar. C Suez Canal B. Strait of Bab-el Mandab. D Gulf of Aqaba
87. Which one of the following geological event was occurred during the Precambrian era? A. Heavy
erosion across the Horn of Africa B. formation coal C. formation of basement complex rocks D. Series of
denudation and peneplaination 88. Identify the most recent Geological event that took place in Africa.
A. formation of many volcanic mountains in the eastern Africa B. Sinking of the Horn of Africa C. Ice age
in the southern Africa D. formation of the Great East African Rift valley 89. Much of African landform is
dominated by A. Plateau. B. Hill C Mountain. D. Plain 90. Which part of the Great East African Rift Valley
Consists of African highest block mountain? A. Eastern Branch. C. Western branch B. Northern branch. . .
.D. Malawi Rift Valley 91. Which one of the following factors (Controls) of weather and climate in Africa
has little impact? A Ocean current. C. Altitude B latitude. D. Distance from the sea 92. Which one of the
following can be factor for the spatial and seasonal variation of temperature in Africa? A. The apparent
movement of overhead sun B ITCZ C The formation of mountains D None of these 93. Ethiopian and the
part of Eastern African highlands experience the lowest temperature, this is due toA. Altitude. B.
Latitude. C Ocean current D Distance from the sea 94. The distribution of rain fall is controlled by 12 A.
The apparent movement of overhead sun B ITCZ C The formation of mountains D None of these 95.
Which Global wind brings rainfall to the Maghreb region of Northern Africa? A. Guinea monsoon winds
B. trade winds C Polar Easterly winds D. westerly winds 96. Which of the following terms refers to
deposits made by wind? A. Fluvial deposits C. Lacustrine deposits B. Aeolian deposits D. Marine deposits
97. The temperature zone that is traditionally ``Dega`` in Ethiopia is the aria that lies above the elevation
of A. 330 meters C. 2300 meters B. 300 meters D. 2000 meters 98. Which of the following indicted the
correct order of conducting geographic research? A. Identifying the research problem ,data analyses and
interpretation ,data collection B. Data collection, data analyses, and data interpretation, identifying the
research problem. C. Identifying the research problem, data collection, data analysis, and interpretation.
D. Data collection, Identifying the research problem, data analysis, and interpretation. 99. Which of the
following lakes is located on an international boundary? A. Tana B. Ashenge C. Abe D. Abaya 100. The
relationship between Ethiopia and Djibouti is very strong this is because A. Geographic Factor C.
Historical factor B. Political factor D. Social and cultural factors