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Manual - Commissioning - Report - Rev - 1.2 - 20230404

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MANUAL

FOR SONNEDIX COMMISSIONING REPORT

Revision Reason for the revision Date Prepared Reviewed Approved

1.0 Initial SX edition 15.04.2021 Ulf-D. Ulf-D.
Kautz Kautz
1.2 Modification of the folder structure 29.03.2023 María Ulf-D.
González Kautz

Revision Status
MANUAL
for Sonnedix Commissioning Report
for PV-Plants Rev. 1.2
(Checks according to IEC 60364-6, IEC 60364-7-712, IEC 61724-1, IEC 61936-1, IEC 62305-3,
IEC 62446-1 and -3 and IEC 62548, DIN EN 13187, DIN EN 16714-1, DIN 54191)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Preface
This manual provides you with information for the completion of the acceptance
and commissioning report and for operation of required inspections, testing as
well as measurements.

 Read report carefully prior to start of acceptance test!

 Complete report real time!
 Store with care!
 Inspections and measurements have to be done accordingly to state-of-
the-art technology and regulations of professional associations!
 Follow the five safety rules of isolation at any time
 Use the required PPE for all testing activities
 Only use calibrated testing devices with appropriate CAT-class and
voltage level

Warning! Hazardous voltage! Danger to life!

The following described operations have to be done by authorized
and accordingly trained persons only! The order of tests and safety
regulations have to be strictly observed!

Preface .............................................................................................................................. 2
Table of contents ................................................................................................................ 3
List of abbreviations (in alphabetical order)............................................................................ 4
Layout of the Commissioning Protocols (CP)........................................................................... 8
File names and structure ..................................................................................................... 9
Main document- Overview ................................................................................................. 10
Main document-A. General information about the PV-plant .................................................... 11
Main document-B. Visual inspection .................................................................................... 22
Main document-C. Testing and measurements ..................................................................... 35
Main document-D. Plant acceptance .................................................................................... 36
Annexes .......................................................................................................................... 37
Annex 1a - Changes .......................................................................................................... 37
Annex 1b - Comments....................................................................................................... 37
Annex 2 – Low-ohm-measurements .................................................................................... 38
Annex 3 – DC-Measurements ............................................................................................. 43
Annex 4 – AC-Measurements ............................................................................................. 50
Annex 5 – DC-Junction-Box data ........................................................................................ 55
Annex 6 – String Inverter .................................................................................................. 57
Annex 7 – Central Inverter ................................................................................................ 60
Annex 8 – Inverter-/ Transformer station or room ................................................................ 64
Annex 9 – Switch tests ...................................................................................................... 67
Annex 10 - Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 71
Annex 11 – HV-components ............................................................................................... 77
Annex 12 – Commissioning Substation / Point of delivery ...................................................... 80
Annex 13 – Check of the Lightning Protection System ........................................................... 81
Annex 14 – IR-Photo documentation ................................................................................... 82

A
A Unit of current (Ampere)
AC Alternating current
AMod Area of a solar module
ATS Automatic Transfer Switch
AUX Auxiliary (-circuits/ -transformer etc.)

C
CP Commissioning Protocol
C-INV Central Inverter
CT Current Transformer
csa cross section area (cable dimension)

D
DC Direct current
DCD DC-Disconnect
DIN German institute for standards

E
e.g. For instance

G
GCB Generator Connection Box (=MCB)

H
HPAS Main potential equalization bus
HPE Main potential equalization
HV High Voltage
HV-T (-S) HV Transformer (-Switchgear)

I
I Amperage
ICB Inverter Combiner Box
ID Identifyer
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission (int. standard)
Inv Inverter
Inv-Mx DC-Module x as part of a central inverter

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 4 out of 82
IS Inverter Station
ISC Short circuit current (DC)
IT Type of grid, where neutral point of transformer is not grounded
(insulated)
IMPP MPP-current (DC)
IP International protection, ingres protection
IR Infrared (photos)

K
kVA Kilo Volt Ampere (unit)
kWh Kilo Watt Hour (unit)
kWp Kilo Watt Peak (unit)
k_Isc Temperature coefficient of the Isc of a PV module
k_Voc Temperature coefficient of the Voc of a PV module
k_Eq Coefficient for consideration of tolerances of measurement
equipment used (0…5%)
k_Weather Coefficient for consideration of tolerances due to bad
weatherconditions (low irradiation)

L
L Label of active external conductor
LV Low Voltage
LPS Lightning Protection System

M
m Unit of length - meter
m² Unit of area – square meter
mm² Unit of area – square millimeter
ms Unit of time – millisecond
MC Module Connector
MCB Main Combiner Box (DC)
MDAS Meteorological Data Acquisition System
MDB Main Distribution Board (AC)
MPEB Main potential equalization busbar
MPP Maximum Power Point of a solar module or string
MΩ Unit of electrical resistance – Megaohm
MV Medium Voltage

N
N Label of neutral conductor
n_sz No. of solar cells of the module used
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 5 out of 82
n_Mod No. of modules per string

O
OVP Overvoltage protection
OVP-Box Overvoltage protection box

P
PAC Performance AC-side
PE Protection earth
PELV Protective extra low voltage
PEN Combined protective/neutral conductor
PoC Point of Connection (grid connection coupling point)
PPC Power Plant Controller
PV Photovoltaic
PVPM Device for measurement of i-v-curves

R
RG Spreading resistance / grounding resistance
RCD Residual current protective device (generic term)
RCBO Residual current operated Circuit-Breaker with Overcurrent protection
RCCB Residual Current Circuit Breaker
RT Forward resistance
Rinsu Insulating resistance

S
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (system)
SCB String Combiner Box (DC-combiner box incl. switch, OVP,
monitoring etc.)  GAK
SJB String Junction Box (small DC-box only with terminals for parallel
connection of strings)
SELV Safety extra low voltage
S-INV String Inverter
s/n serial number
SPD Surge Protection Device
SPEB Sub potential equalization busbar
SST Substation
ST Station

THD Total Harmonic Distortion

TN Type of grid, where the neutral point of transformer is grounded
and routed to the load as conductor (Terra-Neutral)
TS Transformer Station
TT Type of grid, where the neutral point is grounded, but an own
grounding has to be provided at point of consumption (Terra-
Terra)

U
U Voltage (see also under « V »)
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

V
V Unit of voltage (Volt)
VMpp MPP-voltage, Circuit at point of maximum performance of
connected solar generator
VOC open-circuit-voltage (DC)
VT Voltage Transformer

W
W Unit of electrical performance (Watt)

Z
ZSchl Earth fault loop impedance of the grid
ZN Grid impedance (phase to neutral)

λ (Lamda) Power factor of 3-phase AC-inverters

η (eta) Efficiency of inverters/ devices

In order to give the commissioning forms the necessary flexibility for different
locations and system layouts, it is divided in:

1. Commissioning Report (main document)

Chapter overview (System name, information about system size and
location as well as participants of construction and commissioning)
Chapter A - General information about the main components
Chapter B - Sight / visual check
Chapter C - Tests and measurements (overview)
Chapter D - Acceptance and handover
2. Annex 1a - Changes at planning and drawings
3. Annex 1b - Comments and repeated measurements
4. Annex 2 - Low-ohm-measurements
5. Annex 3 - DC measurements
6. Annex 4 - AC measurements
7. Annex 5 - Data of main DC-junction boxes
8. Annex 6 - Commissioning string inverter
9. Annex 7 - Commissioning central inverter
10. Annex 8 - Commissioning inverter station/ room
11. Annex 9 - Test of the main LV-switches
12. Annex 10 - Check of plant monitoring system
13. Annex 11 - Check of HV-components
14. Annex 12 - Commissioning substation/ room incl. counter meters
15. Annex 13 - Check of the LPS
16. Annex 14 – Documentation of IR- Photos

As in the main document have to be collected the technical data, specifics and the
overview, in the attachments have to be documented all the detailed
measurements and test results for the different components.

Depended on the size of the project the number of files will increase. In order to
keep the overview, even if the files will be exchanged between different computers,
a clear code for the file name and a transparent structure is necessary.

Code for the names of the files:

Type of document Code Example

1. Main document: CP_zzz_jj-mm-dd CP_Kencot_19-10-01

2. Annexes: Axx_zzz_yyy_jj-mm- A1_Garn_19_03_31

dd
A2_Grimmen_IS1_18_05_08
A3_Stulln_SCB214_16_04_10
A3_NovScot_ICB62_16_03_20
A4_Race_TS2_18_03_26
A5_Rotherd_Inv3_18_02_18

with:
xx … Number of the Annex
yyy … abbreviation of the specific object (transformer, station,
inverter, combiner boxes etc.)
 only required, if there is more than one file of the same
Annex
zzz … shortcut of project name

Filing structur:

All files should be stored in a folder called “EPC Commissioning Folder” followed by
subfolders according to the exhibit G2. A standard is given below:

00_Calibration, Qualification and Schedules

01_Templates and Procedures
02_Mechanical Works
03_Commissioning Offload Test
04_Commissioning Onload Test
05_Provisional Acceptance Test
06_Certificates
07_Tracking Lists

1. Project / system name

Name of the plant or the project

2. Installation period
Start and end date of the construction period (main works)

3. Reason for inspection

Tick where applicable

4. Plant with…
Tick where applicable for the inverter type(s) used

5. Project / system
Address and location of the plant
Note: the DC-size will be automatically filled out after adaptation of page 3 (module and
system information), only the AC-capacity have to be filled.

6. Plant operator
Name of customer (company, private person), who the contract is made with

7. System designer
Name of company or person, who managed the design/ layout of the system/ project

8. Project-, site manager and subcontractor

Name and address of the responsible persons of project and site management as well as
the main subcontractors (company, person), who a contract is made with
9. Commissioning team
Name and address of the responsible person for the commissioning
Names of the people participated in the commissioning as well as their main tasks or
responsibilities for the different attachments (measurements)
10. Commissioning period
Start and end date, when the acceptance/ commission tests takes place

1. Whole system layout

 Compliance of plant layouts and actual assembling
 Layout plan = module and system layout (top view about the whole plant with main
components)
 String wiring plan = top view about the whole plant with allocation of the real string
layout in order to find the right strings in the site
 Circuit diagram = single line diagram
 Note variations in Annex 1a of the commissioning report
 Tick where applicable

2. Facts about the Solar generator

 Note: The points 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 will be filled out automatically after the module and
system data (2.1, 2.2) will be filled out.
 Choose the correct type of modules firstly and fill afterwards the string layout. If the
specific module details differ from the database, please adapt. If there are different
layouts used with the same type of modules (e.g. 22 and 23 modules per string at
different inverters), you have to use separate lines for each of these different system
of equal combination with the same type of modules.
 “Phase of construction” or “system of equal combination” means an independent sub-
system with the same type of inverter and wiring (e.g.: if there are 2 inverters out of
3, which have the same type and module wiring, they have to be written in one line;
the other in a separate line). Please write in this column the short label of the systems
according the planning or Inv.-No..
 Write in the third column of table 2.2 the base for “system of equal combination”,
which could be inverters or SCB´s etc.
 String fuses are branch fuses (mostly mounted into the SCB)- note the technical data
and the mounting place of the fuses or diodes
 If string fuses/diodes are used, please compare the max. reverse current of the
modules (IMOD_max_OCPR) (datasheet) with the real possible max. reverse current of the
string (fuse)- also for the cable dimension. The requirements for the fuse selection
are: 1,5xISC-MOD < InFuse < 2,4xISC-MOD and InFuse < IMOD_max_OCPR. The protection of
parallel connected strings by fuses is only possible, if IMOD_max_OCPR≥ 4x ISC-MOD
 Fuses have to be in the DC-combiner box (SJB or SCB).
 Tick where applicable

3. Mounting system
 Type and model of the mounting system
 Note special features (e.g. for alignment/design)
 Mark the type of fixation of the mounting system and, if the stability is verified acc.
Eurocode 1 (static analysis)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 11 out of 82
4. Wiring
 Data note directly into the mentioned Annex. DC-wiring is included into Annex 3.2; AC-
wiring in Annex 4.1 (LV) or 4.2 (HV). For HV-tests also the specific test reports of the HV-
subcontractor will be accepted.

5. String Junction Boxes / string distribution boxes (SJB)

 SJB / string distributors are mounted for thin film plants or as

accumulation boxes for strings, that cannot be connected to one
inverter or at one SCB.
 Installation place for large scale plants is next to the SCB, for
small plants next to the mounting rack, mostly close to S-INV.
 SJB /string distributors can be equipped with fuses for each string
input, but normally only have terminals for parallel connection of
single strings.
 Note appropriate data

 Tick where applicable (if the component is not installed in this

plant) Figure 11:String
figure 1: Stringjunction
junctionbox
box1

6. Separate DC-Overvoltage Protection Box (OVP- Box)

 Purpose: Surge protection means the protection of electrical and electronical devices from
high electrical voltage (overvoltage). Overvoltage can occur from lightning’s (as a natural
hazard) or from capacitive and inductive injection of other electrical systems. Another possible
reason for overvoltage is ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) caused by handling.
 This means only a separate box for the purpose of OVP
 Note appropriate data
 Tick where applicable (if the component is not installed in this plant)

 Within one box several string inverters can be

accumulated and protected by an own
overvoltage protection.

 For roof top systems the overvoltage protection

box should be mounted right behind the cable
entry into the building.

Figure 2: Overvoltage protection box for string inverter

 For large scale plants the overvoltage protection box should be mounted right behind
the SCB resp. at the entry into the building. For large distances it should be mounted
also before the central inverter, if there is no OVP at the MCB or inverter.

 The overvoltage protection box protects the dc-cables to the MCB/ inverters and the
installations in the building behind.

7. DC disconnect (DCD)
 DC-disconnect is used for disconnecting of PV-Generator and inverter.
 For plants with string inverters it is mounted next to the inverter or integrated into the
string inverter.
 For large scale plants with central inverter, disconnects are mounted in the single SCB.
For some MCB DC-circuit breaker are additionally mounted as disconnects.
 Please note here only separate disconnects (from string-inverter systems).
 Within disconnect an overvoltage protection can be also integrated.
 Test polarity of disconnect already during assembly, because this is not possible
after final construction
 The DCD has to be a load-disconnect-switch, which means it can handle currents
until the max. possible system currents.
 Note appropriate data / tick where applicable

Figure 4: Examples for DC-disconnects (main DC-switches)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 13 out of 82
8. String Combiner Box (SCB/ GJB/ GAK)
 The SCB accumulates single module strings or already combined strings behind the SJB or
a Y-connector of a cable tree.
 Each input shall be protected by a fuse (or similar electronic device) and can be monitored
by a connected monitoring system, if required.
 The main-dc-cable to the MCB/ inverters can be switched off by the main switch.
 The SCB is located in the field. It is mostly mounted behind the row of modules.
 Enter data into Annex 5, No. 1
 Tick where applicable

Figure 5: Conergy SmartConnect and Skytron Arrayguard- inside view

Figure 6: Examples for SCB in the field

9. Main Combiner Boxes (MCB)/ C-INV-inputs

 The main combiner box (MCB) is an electrical box for parallel connection of the dc-
main cables coming from the SCB´s before the central inverter. It could be also part
of a central inverter as a dc-cabinet.
 The MCB is equipped with a fuse for each input. Overvoltage protection should be
installed also.
 The MCB can be mounted outside of the station, in the station next to the central
inverter or integrated into the central inverter.

Figure 7: Conergy MCB next to the central inverter

Figure 8: ABB or SMA integrated DC-inputs into the central inverters

10.Inverter
 Fill here only the manufacturer and amount of inverters used for the project.
 Note further appropriate data into mentioned Annex (string inverter: Annex 6, No.1;
central inverter: Annex 7)

11. AC – main distribution

 Due to the different layout and types of pv-systems there are also different
understandings for the AC-distribution boards. In general, it can be based on the size
of the system, the type of the plant (freefield or on a building) and the AC-layout of
electrical connection (only feed-in/ with own use etc.). In terms of the CCP an AC-
main-distribution board for the PV-system shall be considered as a switchboard with
complete enclosure:
 For all circuits incl. string-inverter AC-supply and monitoring for small
systems (energy and aux. supply together- “all in one”) (<150kVA). Only for
small systems the AC-main distribution is also used for the protection of
inverter- AC-circuits, as there isn´t a separate AUX-system. These distributions
are complete cabins with meter display, pre-fuses, AC-Overvoltage protection
and fuses for inverter-control. There are no further AC- distributions only for
the PV-system.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 15 out of 82
 For the first (main) distribution point only for the pv-system behind the
PoC with at least the main AC-LV-switch (often also incl. protection relays
etc.). This layout can be found at building installations more often. If this is
realized as a LV-switchgear (not inside a switchboard  point 12), it is not
applicable in each plant.
 For all MCB´s, protection, main switch etc. of the main circuits of the auxiliary
system, if the inverters are directly (or via an ICB and/ or LV-panel)
connected to the power-transformers (mostly in freefield systems). It´s often
supplied directly by the AUX-transformer and mounted close to it or in the
field. This is called AUX-MDB.
 Further possible AC-switchboards in pv-systems:
- AC- sub distribution board ( see point 12)
- AC- LV-panel ( see point 13)
- AC- LV-main protection cabinet ( see Annex 9.3)
- ICB ( see point 14)

 Note appropriate data

 Tick where applicable

Figure 9: AC-main distribution for small plants incl. metering panel and monitoring

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 16 out of 82
Figure 10: AC-main distribution inside a building for a rooftop system with protection and AC-main
switch

Figure 11: Aux-MDB with main-switch and MCB´s for CCTV, aux-supply and monitoring circuits

12.Low voltage switch gear

 In terms of the CCP, a Low Voltage Switchgear is a wall mounted AC- distribution as an
open design in comparison with the main AC-distribution, which is always in a board
integrated. There are only cover plates for touch protection above the busbars and
connection terminals.
 Within the low voltage switch gear there are mounted current busbars, NH-fuse holders
for the inverter and pre-fuses for main and sub-distributions. It should be equipped with
a main switch (circuit breaker) and measurement devices (CT´s) can be also
integrated.
 It´s mounted typically in transformer stations
 Note essential components (for protection resp. for energy measurement) and their
data
 Note appropriate data
 Tick where applicable

13. AC – sub distribution (Aux)

 AC-sub distribution is an additional AC distribution board. This could be also integrated in
the inverter/ transformer station or can be installed in the field.
 In pv-power plants it´s not for the distribution/ protection of the main (energy) circuits,
only for auxiliary supply of the components and often for monitoring or CCTV systems.
 It´s mostly not applicable for small PV-systems, where the circuit distribution is integrated
in the main AC-distribution board.
 Enter the point, the power comes from (Transformer, distribution) and the number of
phases feeding the board.
 If aux-supply of inverters is connected to this board, enter the number of the devices. Note:
This point is not for documentation of the switchboard, where energy cable of inverters are
connected to. This has to be entered at point 14 (ICB).
 These distributions are used as fuse boxes to connect external or additionally installations,
auxiliary circuits etc.
 They are also used for tracking systems, for accumulated distributions and for motor control.
 An optional component is often a grid analyser with data storage. Please note the installed
type and IP-address.

Figure 13: AC-sub distribution-simple Figure 14: AC-subdistribution as AUX-DB

in a power plant

14.Inverter Combiner Box (ICB)

 For PV-power-plants with string inverters the AC-distribution boards for the inverter
connection and protection only (energy circuits) is called ICB.
 These switchboards are typically mounted in the field, close to the inverters.
 Please use Annex 6.3 to enter the measurement data and serial numbers.

Figure 15: ICB, mounted next to string inverters Figure 16: ICB, inside view with NH-fuses, main switch
and OVP

15. Transformer
 Note appropriate data in the attachment 11, No. 1 (HV-trafo) and No. 2 (Aux-trafo)
 Check the correct mounting, fixation and termination of cables, oil level, settings for
protection if applicable etc. also at the auxiliary transformer.
 Tick where applicable

16.Medium voltage - switch gear

 Medium voltage switch gears can be divided into air-insulated, oil-insulated, vacuum-
insulated and SF6 (gas) – insulated ones.
 SF6 insulated switch gears are small and compact ones and therefor often used in pv-
plants.
 The switch gear is often mounted directly behind or very close to the transformer.
 A further medium voltage switch gear is installed in the substation.
 Switching action must be performed by authorized personnel only!!!
 Note appropriate data in attachment 11, No. 3
 If there is a HV-circuit breaker with associated protection relay, check or apply the
correct settings, make sure a protection test has been done before first energization
and enter the data into Annex 11.4.
 Note essential components and its data
 Tick where applicable

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 19 out of 82
Figure 18: SF6 insulated medium voltage switch gear Figure 17: Compact outdoor station with
SF6 switch gear
(integrated into an inverter station with transformer)

17. Point of interconnecting and Metering

 Checks and measurements according CCP, Annex 12.
 Note the data of the meter board and these of the main counter meters (feeding in
the grid) in Annex 12.2. If there are further meters for single sub-systems or specific
tariffs or energy consumption (own use), use Annex 8.2.
 Pre-fuse: e.g. lead fuse or selective line safety switch (SLS)
 Meter reading means the value of energy in kWh; meter number the serial number of
the counter meter
 Check the correct ratio of CT´s/ VT´s and note them in the related Annex.
 Note appropriate data
 Tick where applicable

18.Grid relevant data

 At this point note the relevant data for the grid, connected directly to the inverters
(feeding-in energy circuit)
 Note the biggest imbalance per phase.
 Note appropriate data
 Tick where applicable

19. Stations
 Note appropriate data
 Tick where applicable
 More detailed information about inverter stations needs to be filled in Annex 8 or for
substations in Annex 12.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 20 out of 82
20. Monitoring/Communication
 Note appropriate data in the attachment 10
 Tick where applicable

21. Electrical operating safety

 Please note here for every electrical part (AC-energy circuits, AC-auxiliary circuits and
DC-circuits) the correct main electrical safety measure and the additional protection
measures
 Note: Also, the junction boxes have to meet the protection measures and are included
in the question
 Protective equipotential bonding is an important measure against high contact
voltages and has to be installed at all system parts. Detailed measurements have to
be documented in Annex 2.1
 Note appropriate data
 Tick where applicable

 A visual inspection shall be made when work on an electrical installation has been
completed in order to verify that the work complies with the requirements of relevant
standards.
 The visual inspection shall be carried out before, or in association with, testing and
should, where practicable, be made before the relevant part of the electrical installation is
placed in service.
 Where the visual inspection of a part of the electrical installation is not practicable at the
completion of the work, e.g. not accessible because of enclosure in the building structure,
consideration should be given to inspecting that part during the course of the installation.
 The following items provide a guide to the matters to be checked during the visual
inspection to assess that the relevant requirements are satisfied
 Sight check means a sheer visual - motorically inspection of system parts! No
measurements are required!
 Tick where applicable at each point
 Points that are not applicable shall not be evaluated! Tick in those cases the field in the
column “n/a”, but don´t leave all blank.

1. General
1.1 Visual inspection according standard component checklist done
 The sight check during a plant commissioning is based on the standard checklist,
which is available for each main component according the PCT-categories.
 All issues, defects or deficiency points have to be documented in a standard protocol
and tracked. Only if all critical points are certifiably done, the mark has to be placed.
1.2 All DC-components are applicable for the max. occurring DC-current and voltage
 Check the main DC-components (esp. terminals and switches) for the voltage/ current
capacity.
1.3 Equipment has no visible damages or corrosion
 Check all components and material used for damages etc. e.g. brittle insulations,
broken switch or sub-distributions, corroded parts etc.

1.4 Equipment, junction boxes and stations are free from humidity
 All electrical compartments shall be dry inside acc. their IP-rating, e.g. no missing
cover plugs, damaged leads, open cable entries etc.

1.5 Installation, correct arrangement and choice of electrical equipment

 Consider the whole system, note the completeness and arrangement of components
 Check, if the components used are installed under conditions according their IP-rating
 Also e.g. cables, lines, …
 Check, if choice and adjustment is ok

1.6 Easy accessibility for operation and maintenance

 Check whether all relevant parts of the plant are easily accessible for operating and
maintenance
 E.g. obeying required minimum distances
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1.7 All components incl. mounting systems have been selected and erected to
withstand the expected external influences such as wind, ice formation,
temperature and corrosion
 Static calculation of mounting structure reflects the local conditions
 Correct installation of the structure and all components

1.8 Execution of wiring of the distribution is ok?

 Correct use of cables
 Clear routing
 Separating of different voltage levels
 Max. number of cores per terminal or in end sleeves
 Unprotected cables shall not be passed parallel to protected circuits
 Correct color codes

1.9 Fixation of the system on the roof and the cable entries into the building ok?
 Check whether the mounting structure is fixed to the roof as required by the
manufacturer or static survey
 Check, if all cable entries in the building are waterproof and possible fire protection
bulkheads are closed as required by standards

1.10 All isolation and switching devices have been connected such that PV installation
is wired to the “load” side and the public supply to the “source” side??
 Check, if the switching devices are correct connected acc. the view of the grid as a
general supply.

1.11 System monitoring (installation of sensors, functionality) ok?

 Max. cable length sensory, BUS-system
 Check whether all monitoring devices are correctly mounted
 Among other things the sensor is correctly adjusted, temperature sensor has contact
to module surface, …
 LED status correct, software access given etc.

2. Safety Measures and protective devices

2.1 Efficacy of electrical protective measures (basic protection against direct contact
and fault protection against indirect contact with exposed conductive parts) is
given
 A system of protection devices and measures against electric shock by:
o Basic protection (against direct contact with live parts e.g. by insulation and
enclosure)
o Fault protection (against indirect contact with exposed conductive parts e.g. by
use of automatic disconnection of supply, double insulation or isolating
transformers)
 Check all insulation measures and enclosures, covers etc. are ok
 Check whether a protection device is useful, suitable and operational
 E.g. installed fuses, line safety switch is activated, protective conductor is connected …

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 protection against contact and availability of conduit covers (also cable routs)
 Check whether the protection against accidental contact is sufficient
2.2 No switch or breaker is at a PE- or PEN- wire
 Check, if there is no disconnect, switch, fuse or breaker connected to a PE or PEN-wire

2.3 Availability and correct choice/allocation of proper disconnecting-/ switching

devices
 Means single devices or equipment, e.g. disconnects, fuses, circuit breakers, power
switch, …
 Appropriate safety devices are ok
 Check whether protection devices are sufficiently
 Check whether the choice and arrangements are correct

2.4 All components correspond to the type and level of current and voltage at the
point of installation

 Check, if all installed electrical components meet the conditions for voltage and
currents at the installation

2.5 Selectivity of protection equipment is respected

 Check whether the choice and arrangements of breaker/ fuses are correct

2.6 Main grounding bar is under good condition?

 Former main potential equalization bus bar
 Are all cables right fixed?
 Are the cables and the bar free from corrosion?
 Are all cables correct labeled?

Figure 19: Main earthing bar

2.7 Equipotential bonding of the whole system is ok? (e.g. parallel leading and close
contact to DC/ AC-cables, integration of relevant components, csa)
 The potential equalization is used for protection purposes to ensure the electrical safety.
 Check the condition of the potential equalization and main earthing bar in general
(connections, wiring, labeling no visible corrosion, fixed bolting...)
 E.g., …
 The potential equalization should be laid nearby and parallel the DC-cables to avoid
loops. But if it is a functional potential equalization, which can conduct lightning
currents, it has to be separated from the other cables.
 All metallic conductive parts (covers, cable ways) has to be connected to the PE
 There are different requirements for the csa (cross section area) of the earthing cables
acc. IEC 62548 (min. 6mm²), which has to be considered.

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 For instance, at the pictures below the equipotential bonding is mounted to the
mounting rack.
 This can be executed by laying out bandsteel into the earth.
 The rack is connected to the band steel as well as to GCB and other components.
 The potential equalization is connected to the main potential equalization bar.

Figure 21: Earthing system

Figure 20: Earthing system in the
connected to module rack
ground

…and the PV-mounting system is connected to potential equalization (Bonding to main

grounding bar complies to local requirements)
 Regards only to the mounting system and its bonding to the potential equalization
 Does the mounting system own a PA-connection (6mm², wired parallel to the strings)?
 Have the mounting system been proper grounded?

…the module frames are connected to the PE-system

 Mostly a connection via the metal module clamps is enough to avoid dangerous
voltage differences and to avoid too high resistances for LPS-grounding
 Some module manufacturer asking for a special grounding of the frames in order to
avoid PID.
 So, in some cases special clips or wire connections between the mounting system and
the module frames are necessary in order to meet the requirements for protective or
functional grounding.

2.8 Equipotential and bolted earth connections installed as per design drawings
 Check all earthing connections for correct execution according the design drawings,
last revision, esp. for correct material combination, used washers and tape if required.

2.9 At the DC-part of the inverters is installed a DC-disconnect

 Check if a DCD is available in the DC-part until the inverter. Often the switch is
already integrated inside the inverter. For big plants it makes sense to have switches/
breakers also for parts of the generator.
2.10 At the AC-part of the inverters is installed a AC-disconnect
 Check if an AC-breaker is available in the AC-part until the grid connection point for
the energy circuits. Often the switch is already integrated inside the inverter.

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2.11 DC-overcurrent protection is installed and selected acc. IEC 62548
 Check if the fuses or OC-protection is correct selected and installed acc. IEC 62548 as
far as necessary. For system parts or a complete pv-system the following formula has
to be considered. For strings refer to chapter A, point 2.
1,25 x ISC_array < In_Fuse < 2,4 x ISC_array
2.12 Verification of type B RCD where: an RCD is installed, and the PV inverter is without
at least simple separation between the AC side and the DC side
 If there is no galvanic separation between AC and DC side or the manufacturer of the
inverter didn´t confirm otherwise, an RCD type B needs to be installed in the AC
circuit of the inverter acc. IEC 62446-1 and IEC 60364-7-712.

3. Lightning and overvoltage protection

3.1 Within the DC-circuit (outside of the inverter) overvoltage protection is realized or
not
 Consideration of the whole system and of the protection concept, not only single
devices, which are mounted anywhere inside a box
 Requirements are mentioned in IEC 62305-3 and IEC 62548

3.2 Within the AC-circuit (outside of the inverter) overvoltage protection is realized or
not
 Consideration of the whole system and of the protection concept, not only single
devices, which are mounted inside a box

3.3 An outer lightning protection system is available at…

 Tick, if and where the LPS is installed. If there is no outer LPS, mark “n/a”
 If an outer LPS is available, please use also Annex 13!

3.4 PV-mounting system is connected to functional potential equalization

(lightning protection-grounding)
 Applies only to mounting rack and its connection to the outer lightning protection
system
 If there is no outer lightning protection system, the rack has to be grounded directly
and separate from the energy cables

4. Grid connection/ point of delivery

4.1 Choice and settings of protective and monitoring devices are alright and comply to
the local requirements of energy supply companies
 Check whether the choice and the configuration of the devices are correct and
according the requirements of either an official protection study or the DNO and the
planning regulations.

4.2 The part of the HV-system meets the requirements of the IEC 61936-1 (VDE 0101-1)
 Check if the common rules for HV-installations are met (earthing system, isolation
level, min. distances, protection relays, mechanical construction, forces during
switching actions/ short circuits, environmental conditions, dust, choice of equipment)

5.1 Cables and wires are correct installed (bending radius, kind of layout, mounting
(ties, conduits), connectors (same type), edge protection)
 Check whether an appropriate type of conduit was used (UV-resistant, mechanical
stability)
 Check for correct fixing (UV resistant ties or better conduits etc.) and damages of all
components
 Check for appropriate bending radius, no sharp curves acc. manufacturer
requirements or common standards
 Check, if all connectors are out of the same type
 This point have to be checked detailed while a partial acceptance; at the final
commissioning a random test is ok

5.2 All outside cables are selected and installed in a way to withstand the expected
conditions wind, ice, irradiation (UV), temperature and humidity (cable selection
acc. to purpose)
 Check if the type of cables are suitable for the purpose used and the environmental
conditions
 Check whether all used outside cables comply to required UV- and temperature
resistance data
 Are the cables useable for laying in water, if they are often in contact with water
 The choice of right cable types has to be checked here

5.3 Monitoring cables are correct connected and terminated

 All monitoring cables are correct connected at both ends
 The wire ends were terminated with appropriate lugs/ end sleeves etc.
 CAN-cables were only connected directly to CAN-devices, not interrupted or branched
 At each CAN-input of a device is only connected one cable
 The monitoring cables are terminated, if necessary
 Bending radii are correct (esp. for FO-cables)

5.4 Cable proximity is as close as possible to prevent wiring loops

 To avoid electromagnetic couplings, the cables have to be installed nearby parallel in
close contact- there should be no loops inside one circuit. The area of clamping loops
is as small as possible. At the other hand the max. accumulation (heating) is
considered.

5.5 DC-connectors (plugs) are out of the same type and from the same manufacturer

 To avoid connectivity or corrosion (moisture ingress) issues of the DC plugs and

connectors they need to be from the same type and should be from the same
manufacturer acc. IEC 62548.

5.6 Cabling is installed and fixed acc. installation condition requirements (enclosure,
depth of burial, mechanical protection, size of conductors, current carrying
capacity)
 Check the cabling in trenches, at aerial installation and in buildings, if the
requirements acc. the planning (drawings) and cable calculations have been met.

6.1 Check the assembly of the station

 The station has to be installed according to the manufacturer instructions
(horizontally, doors vertically etc.).
 The access ways have to be free, clear understandable, esp. the ventilation shouldn´t
be blocked.
 If applicable (oil cooled transformers with standard oil) an oil tube/ pan/ tray needs to
be mounted. If this is out of metal, it needs to be earthed.

6.2 Check the outside of the station

 Check the ventilation carefully from the outside view (high plants, weather guards
(plates/ covers in front of the grills have enough distance etc.)
 If the station has moveable platforms for the access to the inverters or switch rooms
(SMA-MVPS) these platforms has to be leveled and fixed at the ground. If the height is
>1m, additional balustrades/ handrails are required.
 All cable entries have to be waterproof; the cables have to be fixed

6.3 Check the interior of the station

 Check the ventilation carefully from inside (air channels free of barriers and closed to
the room, no short circuits, correct and clean air filters, thermostats correct set
(normally ca. 25..30°C))
 Check the main components inside the station (inverter room) according to the
relevant manufacturer instructions.
 Check, if the cable cellar (double floor) under the inverters is dry, clean and fixed
 Check the available components (LV-switchgear, AC-sub distribution, Aux-trafo etc.)
 If there is an UPS installed, it has to be started and checked for correct function.
 If there is an external insulation monitoring device installed (not included in inverter)
it has to be checked for the correct parameters and tested acc. Annex 8.1. The min.
Riso depends on the system size acc. table 3 of IEC 62548 (>400kW  3Ohm).

6.4 Check the transformer and transformer room

 Esp. the MV- / HV-area have to be dry and clean (incl. all components)
 Check the free ventilation (air entrance and exits) and the oil-level
 Check if the safety equipment (HV-tester, grounding and short-circuiting devices) is
available
 Check the connection of protection equipment (temperature, oil pressure) and the
transformer temperature
 HV-cable shields need to be earthed. For short distances (inside stations) one earthing
point is sufficient (at transformer or HV-switchgear side).

6.5 Check the cabinet of the HV-switchgear

 Everything has to be dry and clean.
 The separate cells have to be labeled according in-/ outputs and connected devices
 If there is a heating unit, they have to be switched on, set in antifreeze mode and
don´t have to be covered!

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 If there is an UPS installed, it has to be started and checked for correct function.
 Before the HVS can be energized, the pressure of the isolating gas (SF6) has to be
checked (normally green range at the gauge).
 Check before energization of the switchgear, if all cable connections are done in a
correct way and protective devices are available, correct set and fuses with the correct
data are correct inserted.
 Check if all necessary equipment like voltage indicators, operating levers etc. are
present and correct installed/ fixed.

7. Combiner and Junction Boxes

 Check the combiner boxes (SCB, MCB, ICB) for function (functionality of switches,
transmission of fuses, correct choice of equipment) and correct torque of cable
terminations (marked screws), correct installation of cores inside the terminals incl.
material combinations (Al-Cu), correct closure of the box (IP-rating), correct
connections and fixation of wiring, fixing of the box itself, correct settings of protection
devices, correct identification of cables and the devices etc.
 Note the relevant data in the Annex 5.1, 5.2 or 6.2

8. Inverter

8.1 Inverter accessible and installed horizontally/ vertically at a flat, levelled and
stable surface acc. manuf. instructions; cable glands closed (IP-rating) and
shading against direct sun, appropriate drainage available (as far as necessary)
 Check whether the installation of the devices is according the manufacturer guideline
 For correct function, central inverters need to be positioned on a levelled platform/
station and it has to be made sure that no rain water or typical surface water can
ingress. String inverters typically have to be installed on a stable vertically levelled
non-flammable wall or structure. According the IP-rating a station/ water protection
cover etc. could be necessary.

8.2 All components, PCB-cards, relays, plugs (internal and extl. equipment, e.g. fans)
and connections are right connected and fixed to the mainboard/ inverter
 Check whether all components at the aux./ control circuits are correct mounted and
fixed;
 Check whether if the ventilation is functional and the plugs are correct fixed at the
socket (mechanical vibrations etc.).

8.3 Active grounding solar generator installed

 At some inverter types it’s possible to do an internal setup for the grounding of the
solar generator. If an active part of the generator is grounded, you have to setup the
inverter to avoid failure messages due to earth faults.
 If the grounding of active parts is done outside of the inverter, please note this also
here.
 Check for the correct type and size of the fuse or MCB (GFDI= Ground fault
interruption device). The max. fuse size is given in table 1 of IEC 62548 (>250kWp 
5A).

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 If there is used a leakage current measurement device (e.g. GFDI), the max. response
time for tripping is 300ms and the max. permanent leakage current is 10mA/kVA.

8.4 Single separation between AC and DC is given

 Only answer with yes, if there is a transformer (or similar) integrated inside the
inverter or at the AC-part of the station before grid connection

8.5 No residuals at the top of inverter and distances ok

 Check whether if the inverter ventilation is free of barriers, clean and the distances are
enough (according manufacturer).

8.6 Interior is free from humidity, much dust, foreign objects

 Check whether also inside the inverter is clean and dry. No additional objects like
manuals, tools have to be stored inside the device.

8.7 Stress relief for cables available

 Check whether all cables are correct fixed in front of the terminals in order to avoid
additional pressure (mechanical load at the terminals/ bus bars)

8.8 Selection of fuses/breakers and switches correct

 Check if the choice of the installed prefuses/ MCB´s/ MCCB´s or similar for all circuits
connected to the inverter is correct

8.9 All screw connections and components are fixed

 Check whether all screws have the correct torque. Furthermore, also all main
components have to be checked, if they are right fixed and the screw marks are ok.

8.10 Overcurrent and Overvltg. protection devices for/ at Inverter are installed and ok
 Check if the inverter is correct protected against overcurrent’s by MCB´s/ fuses or
power switches and against overvoltage’s by SPD´s. Esp. check, if the connected wires
are fixed and the indicators for damages are not red.

8.11 All covers are available and installed

 For safety reasons and in order to guarantee the correct airflow through the device, all
covers have to be mounted before starting-up the device.

8.12 Inverter is installed according safety class 1

 Check the safety class of the inverter (type label) and if the installation meets the
requirements (e.g. automatic shutdown of power supply).

8.13 Declaration of conformity for EMC and CE is available

 Tick, if the declaration inside the documentation is available

8.14 Inverter operational parameters have been programmed to local regulations

 Double-check the inverter parameter settings (see also Annex 6.5 and 7), if they meet
the local requirements.
 At some inverters (IPG 200C and 300C) you can setup, if the inverter is installed as a
single device or works together with more inverters to one transformer (station
mode).

9.1 Permanent labelling and type plates are available at the main components
 Check whether labeling is permanent, visible and according the planning

9.2 Correct, suitable and permanent labelling and allocation of cables, fuses and
terminals
 Check whether labeling is permanent, visible and according the planning for all
circuits, protection devices, switch devices and terminal clamps acc. IEC 62548

9.3 All DC junction boxes (PV generator and PV array boxes) carry a warning label
indicating that active parts inside the boxes are fed from a PV array and may still
be live after isolation from the PV inverter and public supply.
 Check whether the warning notes have been put to all DC-boxes and inverters and are
visible and readable in the local language, that also after disconnecting the plant from
the grid, the high voltage will be available
 E.g. “Attention: PVA – Inverse Voltage” applicable for instance for disconnect,
overvoltage protection box, SCB, MCB and AC sub-distribution

9.4 A warning (dangerous voltage and double supply) at the feed in point is available
 Safety instructions and warnings (dangerous voltage and double supply at feed in
point) available
 E.g. “Attention: PVA – Inverse Voltage” applicable for instance for AC –distribution and
LV-panel as well as the point of delivery.

9.5 The main AC isolating switch is clearly labelled.

 Check whether the main AC switch (LV or HV) is clearly labelled as for the PV-system.

9.6 Warning signs (dangerous high voltage) are available at the stations
 Also, a warning label (e.g. “Attention: High Voltage”) at transformers, BUS bars, LV
and HV – switch gears has to be available

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9.7All safety signs and labels specified according local standards available
 Check whether the required signs and labels (typically: “Don´t switch”, “Earthed and
shortened”, “Dangerous voltage, keep distance” are available and permanent. If local
standards require more/ special signs/ labels, check if available.

9.8 A general SLD is available at the point of delivery or control room

 Close to the HV-switchgear needs to be displayed a HV-SLD, identifying all switches,
transformers and connected cables
 In the control room or inverter station should be available a general overview plan
 All drawings needs to be laminated and permanent

9.9 Manuals for the main components are available

 The manuals of the main components have to be available in local language
 Check, if they are present, not damaged and dry
 Also, a general circuit diagram and layout plan should be available

9.10 Installer and operation & maintenance provider details are displayed on site.
 At site, in the best case close to the main gate/ access door are displayed the installer
and the O&M provider with the contact details

9.11 Emergency shutdown procedures are displayed on site

 Check, if on site are measures or actions displayed on how to shut-down the system
under normal and in an emergency situation.

9.12 An indicating label for the pv-system is displayed on the main AC-switch or
distribution
 According IEC 62548 and 60364-7-712 an indication label like shown in
fig. is required at the central point of isolation, the counter meters or
the main AC-distribution board for the safety of different personal which
might need to switch off or work at the electricity of the building.

10. Compliance of environmental conditions

10.1 The requirements to the environmental conditions (temperature, humidity,

gases) are respected (esp. inverter)
 Refer to the manufacturer instructions

10.2 Residual material, enormous dust deposits resp. waist are not present
 At the final commissioning, the whole system has to be clean and straightened up.

11.1 Consistent separation of power cables and cables for communication

 In order to avoid influences between cables of different voltage levels and signals, a
metal separating barrier (cable duct with separate cable ways, pipes) or a minimum
distance of at least 200mm is necessary.

11.2 Application of shielding

 Check, which kind of cables are shielded and if the shields are correct grounded
 In order to avoid/ reduce equalization currents over the shield (if both ends are
grounded) an additional bypass cable (PE) could be necessary. Check if it is installed.
11.3 Measures against parasitic currents
 In TN-systems the N- and PE-wires have to be connected only at one point together
(PEN) and they have to be separated so far as possible (direct behind the input in the
building) into a clear TN-S-system. Please check, if this is the case.
 Not only the cores of data-cables, also single energy cables (e.g. between the inverter
and the transformer) should be twisted and laid as a triangle of the 3 phases together.

12. Measures for the fire protection

12.1 At the point of delivery is available:

o A sign to indicate the existence of a pv system (see point 9.12)
o A plant overview
 Check, if the standard sign and the plant overview circuit diagram is available.
 It should be clear visible, where the solar generator is installed, which cables are
permanently energized and where the main switches are installed.

12.2 A DC-disconnect or short-circuiting-switch…

 Please check, if a DC-load-switch is installed before the area, which should be
protected and test the function of this switch.

12.3 Components of the PV-system are not installed across different firewalls or fire
sections
 Check, if the mounting system or cabling is installed over or through firewalls

12.4 All openings for cables through firewalls and ceilings are correct closed and
labeled
 If the cables are going through firewalls, the openings have to be closed in a right way

12.5 The solar generator is divided by maintenance walks

 Please check, if the roof around the solar generator is accessible by fire brigade and at
least maintenance walks are available each 20m.

If some of the above points are marked as “not ok”, a short comment about the reasons should
be given here. If these are general quality related items, they need to be added to the Q-
protocol (punch list). Further space for comments is also available in the Annex A1b.

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Main document-C. Testing and measurements
Measurements are required! A sheer sight check is not sufficient!

Note all measurement equipment used for testing at the table in the beginning incl. the serial
numbers and the date of last calibration. Some typical examples are already listed. You can
either adapt them by entering your specific type etc. or you can add your devices in the last lines
of the table.

In this chapter of the protocol are listed all the measurements to be done according IEC 62446,
category 1 and 2, IEC 60364-6 and some additional tests. No detailed test results, only the
general information, if the test is applicable for this plant and if the related results are all in an
acceptable range or not can be find in this chapter.

Only the measurements/ tests have to be marked, which are applicable for this plant. Mark not
applicable ones in the column “n/a”. Tick “yes” or “no” if the results are acceptable or not.

In case one result was out of tolerance in a not acceptable range, the installation has to be
checked, the problems solved, and the measurement repeated until the value is in the normative
required range.

Note in the list of measurement devices the used ones. If you use an alternative one, note its
model. Fill the serial number and the last calibration date in the provided fields.
As often additional test reports or certificates are available or required by local standards, which
are not covered within the CP, please mark or note them under point 21 if relevant (required), if
it´s available and if the result is satisfactory.
Write a comment for any specific deviations or agreements in the free lines at the end of the
second page.

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Main document-D. Plant acceptance
 Commissioning is not equal to acceptance! For commissioning the PV-plant is technically
checked by an inspector and normally the proper installation is certified by the installer.
The acceptance must be reported on a separate document referring to the
commissioning report.
 Note all attachments with the number of pages and the name of the person who
approved them (double-check - not the commissioning inspector!)
 Note damages/ defects if applicable
 Keep hold of remedial actions if applicable
 Note special features and further agreements at „Comments “
 Let the report sign by the subcontractor (installer), project manager and SX
commissioning management
 Tick where applicable

General notes:
 Use only the relevant specific Annexes for the plant.
 Note the name of the plant and/or inverter station where the measurements
were done and the date at the top lines and sign each Annex at the bottom
line.
 Mark at the bottom lines, if the test results are ok or not and in the case there
are some comments necessary or measurements have to be repeated, mark
the check box “Comments (A1b)”.
 The Annex 1b is a universal sheet for all comments and notes for all Annexes.
 Mark the relevant applicable Annexes in the main protocol, chapter D and note
the number of pages.

Annex 1a - Changes
 Note discrepancies between the existing planning’s (drawings) and the actual assembly /
wiring / circuit.

Annex 1b - Comments
 Note your comments for all Annexes here

 Enter the number of the relevant Annex and the date you have done the test

 If measurements have to be repeated either enter the new results also here or mark at
least, if the values are ok after this repeated test and write down the values in a new
sheet of the relevant Annex

 Enter the abbreviation/ name of the inspector, who has figured out the issue and then
the name of the inspector, who has done the repeated measurement or check.

 At the bottom line the commissioning manger has to approve the notes/ repeated tests.

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Annex 2 – Low-ohm-measurements
- Note plant name, date of measurement and the equipment used in the header lines-

A. Low-ohm-measurements/ Transition of protective conductor (Annex 2.1)

Turn power-off before measuring!

 At this point has to be checked the transmission of protective conductors and the
equipotential system (all metal parts, boxes, mounting system etc. has to be
connected to the main-grounding-bar).
 In the test report Annex 2.1 there are two different tables- one for station internal
components and equipment and another one for station external measurements (e.g.
SCB).
 Both sheets are prepared for 4 central inverters or 40 S-INV per station. If you only
have up to 2 central or 20 string inverters, mark the checkbox at the top right side in
order to hide the additional pages.
 If the measurements are done in/ for a substation (at point of delivery without a
transformer), mark the next checkbox at the top right side in order to hide
unnecessary columns and have more space for further equipment.
 At the first part (first 3 column) of the table has to be filled-in the relevant system part
with the real numbers/ labels according to the planning as an allocation for the tests
 All measurements have to be done in reference to the PE-busbar (main potential
equalization point of the system) (ref.-point 0).
 At the end also have to be checked the grounding connection of different stations of
the plant.
 Write the name of the relevant inspector/ sign the documents and tick if all values are
in the right range.
 Hold appropriate measuring lead in store (min. 30m long); it is available as extra
equipment for standard measurement device; can be made by yourself at a mandrel
(the resistance of these core has to be subtracted from the result)
 Measured distance has to be defined by note of the endpoint.
 In order to check the continuity of the equipotential bonding of a complete mounting
system row, the measurement has to be done at the opposite side of the row
compared to the connection of the system row to the main earth; if connected at both
ends, one connection should be disconnected for testing.
 For very long distances take reference (ref.-)-points in between. Therefor you have the
possibility to fill the resistance values of up to two ref.-points directly in the protocol
“App 2.1- external” for each component. The summation of all single values will be
done automatically. In light green fields are the total values of the complete sections
incl. reference values, beginning from the stations main earthing point or defined in
cell above first ref.-point.
 Use ref.-points always in line and direction of the cabling/ main current flow and as
close as possible to the earthing connections.
 Fill a name or No. for the ref.-point in the grey field and the measurement value in the
white field below.
 If for some measurements no ref.-points are necessary, don´t fill the ref.-point fields
and just note only the resistance values in the fields for those components; as soon as

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a ref.-point becomes necessary, use a new line-section (each 6th line), where it is
possible to fill the value for the ref.-point in the table.
 If the ref.-point= end point of a measurement section, note in the field of this
component a 0,0Ohm-value.
 Note measurement data in the related fields.
 If a part (column) is not relevant, write “n/a” in this field in order to show the
measurement was not just forgotten

Example of low-ohm measurements at a string inverter system and how to fill the protocol with the
station external test results incl. different reference points:

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 Station internal tests are also applicable for SST, use a separate file and tick the
checkbox “Measurements in substation”

 Data < 1 Ω transition are assumed

 Tick where applicable

HPE = main potential equalization

PE= PE- bus– bar distribution/ sub-
distribution

Turn power-off before measuring!

 Here has to be measured the earthing itself

 Note the method used for the measurements

 Disconnect the wire to the electrode/ rod at the PE-bus bar and do different
measurements in order to find out the real average value

 Position of earth electrode: local description; No. of grounding point, if available

 Type of earthing system type A = vertical single rods

type B = horizontal earthing ring

 Use the table “Parts of earthing system” to measure separate earthing rods or not final
connected parts. If the space is not enough, please find an extra sheet additionally for
the documentation of those parts

 Note measurement data

 The result of the measured resistance should be < 10 Ω

 Tick where applicable

electric current
flowing
through earth

Earthing
point
(to be
measured)

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Simplified measuring for small plants:
Measuring of grounding made as measuring of loop impedance. Connect earth electrode of
plant instead of protective earth conductor!

Turn power-off before measuring!

Disconnect protective earth conductor and use separate earth electrode only
(see picture below)!

RB = resistance of operational earth

RE= earth resistance

 Note that in this case the result includes also the earthing resistance of the transformer
(RB)

General advice:
 If the measurements are taken:
o by a standard pv-tester or manually (Benning PV1, Seaward PV150, a
multimeter, disconnect etc.) --> use Annex 3a
o by an i-v-curve tracer (PVPM, HT I-V 400 etc.) --> use Annex 3b
 Start with the sheet “Presettings” and note the plant name, choose the device used
for the tests and select the module type installed at this part of the plant.
 Also, in the sheet “Presettings” the structure of the protocol has to be designated by
selection of the system layout and components available for both parts, 3.1 and 3.2.
This includes a selection of the DC-cable-sections available (to be tested) and the
max. No. of inputs of the junction box. Based on this selection, the relevant excel
sheets will be activated and the not relevant parts hidden.

A. Generator measurement data (Annex 3.1)

Make the part of the plant to be checked current less! Disconnect inverter,
overvoltage protection! No feed- in into the grid while measuring!

 Take measurements with calibrated devices only!

 Depending on the way of taking measurements please use the Annex 3a, if the
values are taken by a multimeter / current clamp or a device, which only takes the
required minimum values (like Benning PV1). If the device is able to store the
values, and the format is similar the Benning PV1 or GM Profitest PVSun, you can
simplify the filling of the files by transmitting the stored values in the separate Excel
sheet “transfer…”. These cells are directly linked to the relevant cells in the protocol.
You only need to prefill the plant specific data and sign at the end.
 Take module temperature / measure irradiation and fill in the data (Annex 3a). If an
automatic device with storage function will be used, these values are included in the
transfer.
 Measurement of irradiation with calibrated irradiation measurement device in height
and tilt of the modules.
 For appropriate measurement data there should be stabile conditions and fortunately
an irradiation of >400W/m2.
 Repeat measurement, if significant variations occur. Perform error analysis!
 Enter measurement data / tick where applicable
 Columns marked in grey colour in the header line are optional. If the relevant tests
are required will be decided by the commissioning management.
 The check of the polarity is very important to avoid danger of fire, arcing or
damaged components. To make sure, the results are correct and not a “minus”-
symbol will be overseen, the test procedure, mentioned in IEC 62446-1:2019-04,
point 6.3 shall be followed, if not a pv-tester is in use:
o Make sure, the voltmeter used is able to measure up to twice the system
voltage
o Only negative fuses/ switches/ plugs to be connected at the box in order to
get a common negative pole

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o Measurement of the first string voltage (between plus and common negative)
and check, if this is in the expected range
o Continue measurements now from the first positive string to the next positive
and so on. The results should be close to 0V.
o If a string is connected with wrong polarity, you will measure a high voltage
(round about twice the system voltage) and within you get a clear sign for the
wrong polarity.
 In some cases, it is necessary to also measure the string open circuit voltages to
earth (esp. if one active pole shall be grounded). If this is applicable or required by
the commissioning management, please measure also the Voc between plus and
earth and note the result in the first line and the voltage between minus and earth
and note the value in the second line for each string/ input.
 Since the update of IEC 62446-1:2016-12 also the MPP-current can be measured
instead of Isc, please tick the checkbox in the header line of the measurement table,
which one was measured
 Note the nominal current of string reverse current protection (fuse) (single string).
 Test the string-diodes (if applicable) of each string and mark the result in the last
column (the test is possible by using the insulation tester with the different polarity
of measuring voltage).
 For evaluation fill out also the orange marked cells on the right-hand side of the
sheet in the top lines. Most important is the number of modules per string (“n_Mod”).
The correction factors k_eq (equalization factor considering tolerances of the devices
used etc.) and k_weather (considering the influence of bad or not stable irradiation
conditions) only shall be used (set >0) after approval of the SX commissioning
management.

Measurement of open circuit voltage (only Annex 3a, if not an automatic device is in use):

The open circuit voltage is the voltage measured at the contacts of an open voltage
source (module, string etc.).
Open circuit voltage means, that no current is flowing!
It is the voltage at the moment when no consumer/ load (inverter) is connected. In this
moment no electrical current flows. The voltage meter must have a significant higher inner
resistance than the other source. Related to the solar cell technology this means the
voltage available, if there is no contact between plus and minus so an endless high
resistance is present between plus and minus of the single cells. It is the maximum
available voltage of the circuit under test.

 Measure with pv-tester, ordinary multimeter or equal instrument; pay attention to

electric strength (CAT III-1000V or CAT IV 600V) and suitable voltage range of the
device
 Measure between positive and negative pole in current free condition at the required
place (string, main line...) regarding the measurement area.
 If required (e.g. for some specific modules, which has to be grounded), measure also
the Voc between the active poles and earth

Measurement of short circuit current (only Annex 3a, if not an automatic device is in use):

Danger of electric arcs! Circuit breaker/ DC-switch required!

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Short circuit current means the current, that is flowing, if Plus and Minus of a solar cell
are connected, so that no real resistance is present between these positive and negative
poles. It is the maximum available current of the circuit under test.
 Because of the risk of occurring electric arcs, a circuit breaker/ DC-switch witch can
handle the connected voltage and current is required for the measurement, if you
don´t have a special pv-tester. Use the available circuit breaker or an additional and
specially provided test switch!
 Measure at the same place, where the Voc and the insulation resistance had been
measured!
 Use a current clamp meter or an ampere meter with required measurement range!
 Connect the test devices before closing the switch. Open the switch before
disconnecting the devices.
 Insert data into table / tick where applicable!

Use Annex 3b if you have an i-v-curve-tracer like the PVPM, HT I-V-400 or similar.

As there are different worksheets linked each other follow the following instructions to fill them in
a simple way:

1. After the completion of the worksheet “Presettings” start with the sheet “Annex
3.1_Inv.(2x18inp)”:
 Note the place, where the measurements were taken, also above the second column.

 Prefill the project specific data (e.g. manufacturer and type of SCB, Inv.-No., SCB-No.
etc.)

 Fill out the columns for the number of stings (Amt.) connected (and measured) in
parallel and the input or string number

Figure 3.1: Prefilling of worksheet “A_3.1-Box 2x18 inp”

2. Copy the measurement results in the sheet “orig.data (2x18 inp)_xxx”:

 Take the relevant measurements and checks according the manual of the device, wait
before starting the first test until the temperature sensor has been warmed up.

 Check polarity

 Write down only the date and time of measurement in the format hh:mm:ss or the
meas. No. in your temporary test sheet. The sheet “App 3.1xxx” will be filled
automatically with the related date/ time values during the transfer; the measured
values incl. temperature and irradiation at time of measurement will be stored in the
device and have to be transferred into a separate excel sheet for evaluation.

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 Transfer the data via the software of the device to an external excel file. For the HT I-
V-400 software select all four available results (2xOPC, STC, nominal) and choose
“export as .xls” (not raw data).
 Copy this data into the worksheet “orig.data (2x18 inp)_xxx” into the required fields.
Consider only one entry (date etc.) per measured input (the best ones for average).
Red marked columns will not be further analysed. There are no further fields to be
filled in this sheet.

Figure 3.2: measurement values copied into worksheet “orig.data (2x18 inp)_PVPM”

Figure 3.3: HT I-V-400 original file export and area to copy

Figure 3.4: measurement values copied into worksheet “orig.data (2x18 inp)_HT”

3. Completion of the worksheet “A_3.1-Box 2x18 inp”:

 Open the sheet “A_3.1-Box 2x18 inp” again and mark the checkboxes for the
polarity checks. The measurements are already indicated by the time stamp.
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 Fill all further applicable data (e.g. further measurements, fuses, diode checks.)
Note: Acc. IEC 62446-1 string diodes don´t have to be used for new installations
any more to prevent reverse currents.
 This will be the first part of the documentation of the string tests.

Figure 3.5: Completion of the worksheet “A_3.1-Box 2x18 inp”

4. Completion of the worksheet “Analysis 2x18 inp.”:

 Open the sheet “Analysis 2x18 inp.”
 You can see already most of the fields are filled with the measurement results and
the prefilled data.
 Fill the No. of modules in series per string in the field E14 (light red marked- the
table header line of the fourth column). If this No. varies in between the boxes
below, change the prefilled values below accordingly.
 If available and applicable add also the relevant values for the tolerance between
the datasheet STC and the flasher values, the system age in years and the given
tolerance of the device/ sensors used acc. the calibration certificate.
 This will be the second part of the documentation of the string tests.

Figure 3.6: Completion of the worksheet “Analysis 2x18 inp.”

If all values are inside the allowed tolerances (becoming not red) and the other tests
(polarity, string diodes) are also satisfactory, please write your name in the last line of the
sheet “A_3.1 xxx” and mark “ok- yes”; otherwise “no” and write a comment in Annex 1b.

5. Check and print of the worksheet “String power analysis”:

 This will be the third part of the documentation of the string i-v-tests.

Turn power-off before measuring! Disconnect inverter, surge protection and

other electronic devices! Make the circuit to be tested voltage and current
free!
 This part of the protocol is equal for both, Annex 3a and Annex 3b
 According the presettings only the pages for the relevant (existing) DC-cable sections
will be shown.
 At the first part (Annex 3.2a) the cables to be tested starts at the pv-modules (string
cables). You have to choose the end point of this first section specifically for the project,
depending on the plant layout and according to your wiring/ test scheme and then
continue with the further existing sections in the following parts.
 Measure with calibrated device only!
 Write down the date and the weather conditions
 If an automatic pv-tester (like Benning PV1) will be used, the fields “measurement
equipment” and “test voltage” will be filled automatically after the transfer of the results.
Otherwise fill also these fields manually.
 As measuring point shall be used: places where single strings or the main DC-cables are
terminated and measurable (DCD, SJB, SCB, MCB, inverters; only in special cases at
the plugs (MC))
 The relevant numbers of the strings and boxes under test will be automatically taken
from part Annex 3.1.
 Enter cable labelling (types) with their diameters and the length (approx.)
 According to IEC 62446 (VDE 0126-23, 8.4.6.1.) the measurement method 1 shall be
used “Check between negative electrode and earth, followed by check of positive
electrode and earth”
 Measure insulation resistance between every active conductor themselves and against
protective conductor or against earth (Riso ≥ 1 MΩ)
 A measurement between positive and negative electrode at string-cables is only possible
with disconnected solar generator. This test is optional for string cables (grey marked).
 If system voltage > 600V, the insulation test voltage has to be 1000V DC, if system
voltage > 1000V, test voltage needs to be 1.5kV
 Test time depends on the cable size and length and shall be at least >5s
 Each cable section has to be checked separately
 Enter measurement data / tick where applicable
 As the polarity was checked for the string cables, they have to be checked only for dc-
main cables again (part Annex 3b-3e), esp. if there are more than one cable in parallel
 The main DC-cables between SCB/ MCB and inverter (part 3.2e) are often planned as
parallel cable, if required by the voltage drop or current carrying capacity. It´s important
to check the allocation of each single cable and also the insulation resistance. If parallel
cables will be checked together per pole (combined insulation measurement), note the
total number of cables per pole in parallel in column five.
 The continuity of the string cables will be ensured automatically by the required tests
(polarity, Voc and Isc); no further testing is necessary. For the further DC-cable sections
(e.g. between SCB and inverter) the continuity needs to be checked. It´s similar with

DC-cable
section
part 3a

Load (inverter)
(disconnected),
DC-lines, DC-switch open Place of testing:
disconnected typically inside
from modules Part SCB
inside SCB 3e

Figure 3.7: Example of typically existing DC-cable sections and connection scheme for Riso testing

C. Summary DC-wiring cable (Annex 3.3)

 Report extreme data only (maximum and minimum values) as a summary of the detailed
measurements of part 3.2
 Normally these data will be filled out automatically but can be overwritten.
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable

General advice:
 Note plant name, date of measurements, the weather condition at time of measurements
and the equipment used in the top lines of each part of the Annex to be used
 Mark the checkbox in the header lines, if one part is not relevant for this specific system
 If the measurements were taken at different stations or places, fill out the correct
measurement-place at the top and use one sheet for each station.
 Complete the cable and circuit data acc. the column heading
 Start and end point of each cable section has to be filled in the table at first and second
column
 Note the values for cable type, length, cross section, the number of parallel cables for
each phase (cable sets), the number of conductors (No. of phases- only relevant for single
core cables) and the number of wires (cores) of each cable as well as the related type
and nominal current and curve type of the protective device (circuit breaker or fuse).
Example: 2x(3x1x240mm²) is a set of 2 parallel single core cables for each pole out of 3
(phases) with a cross section of 240mm².
 Measure the transmission (continuity) of the protective conductor (PE) of the cable with
a suitable device and note the result in column 10. As there is no fix threshold value acc.
the standards, the estimated resistance will be calculated in the last column and the
compared with the test result. Choose the correct conductor material. (values for 20°C)
 Perform the test of correct polarity and the test for correct circuit connections and tick
the checkbox only if both tests are satisfactory. The test for correct polarity can be done
also with energized circuits.
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable
 The prefilled values are only as an example and shall be overwritten

A. AC-wiring measurements (Annex 4.1):

There are two similar test sheets available, one only for 3-phase cables, another one only
for single phase cables.

Figure 4.1: Example of a filled test report for 3ph cables

Attention: Disconnect overvoltage arresters and make sure the circuit to be tested
is free of voltage!

grid voltage (disconnected)

switch
open

loads
disconnected

Figure 4.2: Measurement of grid impedance in a TN-network

Turn power-off before measuring! Disconnect inverter, surge protection and

other electronic devices!
 Measure insulating resistance between every active conductor themselves and against
protective conductor as well as against earth (if protective conductor is still not
earthed) (Riso > 1 MΩ)
 Test voltage to be implemented shall be 500V for circuits up to 500V system voltage.
If the system voltage is >500V AC, the test voltage need to be double-checked with
the commissioning management.
 Test time depends on the cable size and length and shall be at least >5s.
 Observe that to be measured circuits are connected to measurement device only;
disconnect all other circuits and the other end of the cable
 Disconnect all devices running between L and N or earth (like relays, contactors,
counter meters ...) within the to be measured areas
 All cable sections/ circuits need to be tested separately.
 For pre-assembled circuits (e.g. inverter stations) a manufacturer certificate (like
DGUV V3) is necessary in order to avoid additional tests at these internal circuits. If
this is not available, also these pre-assembled circuits need to be measured.

Measurement of loop impedance:

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No feed-in into the grid while measuring the loop impedance! Mains voltage
has to be switched on!

 Mark at the top of the 12th column, which type of impedance you measured (loop-
impedance between phase and ground (PE) or grid impedance between phase and
neutral)
 Measure at the final device or remotest point at the ac-circuits (Inverters, Nodes,
subdistribution boards etc.)
 For TT-grid no measurement for loop impedance is necessary; measurement of the
earth electrode is sufficient. A check of the grid impedance is recommended in order to
check the trip in case of short-circuit conditions.
 If a RCD is available (usual for TT-grids) and if its correct function is proofed by
producing a residual current and by measurement of the available residual voltage (acc.
Annex 9.2), the measurement of the ground electrode can be missed! But only in the
case, if all AC-circuits are protected by RCD´s.
 Enter data (in Ω) on the table of the related Annex 4 / tick where applicable

Figure 4.3: Measurement of loop impedance in a TNCS-network for L1

Figure 4.4: Measurement of grid impedance in a TT-network

 The loop impedance is the accumulation of all impedance of closed flow paths that is
flown by residual current during an insulation error at an electrical device.
 The faulted circuit loop for detecting the loop impedance contains of:
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- The current source (e. g. transformer) under consideration of the internal resistance
- The not grounded active conductor (external conductor), at IT-systems also the
neutral conductor from the current source to the error
- The return conductor to the current source. At TN-systems the return conductor is
always the grounded protective conductor, at TN-C- systems the PEN-conductor
with its parallel connections via the grounding system (e. g. ground electrode) resp.
via the potential equalization system. At TT-systems all electrical devices are
grounded by protective earth conductor or are connected to the ground electrode of
the consumer’s installation.
 Impedance means the electrical resistance occurring when AC is connected to an
electrical device or grid. In contrast to the ohmic resistance, this AC-resistance depends
also on the frequency of the connected AC.
 Fill out the measured values for impedance and the related max. short circuit current
 Consider at least 30% tolerance for the equipment acc. EN 61557-3. If the test results
are close to the limits, the measurement has to be repeated and a failure analysis has
to be done.
 If the circuit to be measured is protected also by an RCD, the test current needs to be
limited acc. the manual of the test device or the test of the loop impedance can be
skipped. BUT then the measurement of the grid impedance is required.

B. HV- cables (Annex 4.2)

 Before connecting a plant to the grid (switching on the HV-switchgear) make sure, all
MV-/HV-cables are checked for insulation resistance and allocation of phases. The test
voltage needs to be higher than the nominal voltage of the MV-/ HV-system. Only a 5kV-
test is not sufficient!
 The measurements required are a sheath test of the cable outer coating (sheath, armour)
to ground and an insulation test of the inner core. The standard test conditions are:
sheath test with 5kV/ 5Min. and a vlf (very low frequency) test with a voltage round about
the system voltage in rms or even the system voltage x 1,414 peak to ground for 45Min.
 If the measurements were done by an external company, write the name and the results
in the table; if complete external test reports are existing, mark the checkbox below the
measurement table instead of transferring the single values.

C. IT-grid protection measure (Annex 4.3)

 If the PV-system consist of an IT-grid (out of DC only), it has to be checked in detail

according to Annex 4.3
 The main idea of an IT-grid is, that the leakage current during a first earth fault is low
and within the contact voltage is less than the allowed one. The system can be further
used while the failure needs to be located and solved.
 For the calculation will be used the grounding resistances out of Annex 2.
 Beside the visual checks, the leakage current to ground has to be measured between
active parts (the 3 phases; plus, minus) and ground at a point, were the max. current is

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expected. This will be mostly the inverter for the DC-part and the LV-panel for the AC-
part.
 For the measurement of this current has to be installed a temporary ground connection
via a load switch in the system “off-mode”. Then start-up the system and simulate the
ground fault by closing the switch in the running-mode. Measure the current with a
current clamp.
Attention: Perform this test only with an IT-grid and make sure no other ground
faults is existent! Use a protection device in the temporary earth path!

 Repeat the measurement for all active conductors of this system part (e.g. 3 phases) and
note only the highest current in the table.
 Mark the relevant checkboxes for additional protection measures in part 3.

General advice:

 Note plant name, date of measurements and the equipment used in the top lines
 If the measurements were taken at different stations or places, fill out the correct
measurement-place at the top, use one sheet per station if the space is not sufficient

A. String-Combiner-Boxes (SCB), (Annex 5.1)

 If SCB and other distribution-boxes with switching and protection devices are used in
PV-plants with string-inverters, please enter them here as well.
 Note also the serial numbers of data interface (CAN-Distributor or Sunny Piggyback
etc.) in the third column. In this column are 3 lines available. If your SCB has more
than one data interface (SMU, Piggyback), write each in a separate line.
 If OVP-devices are installed for dc or/ and monitoring, write at least the type (class)
 Note the safety class of the box itself and also that one of the installation (cables used
etc.)
 Check the fuses for conductivity and the other devices for correct function (switches,
OVP etc.)
 Check the torque of the main terminal screws and compare with the manufacturer
requirements. Check also, if the connections are marked accordingly. Tick the
checkbox, if the torque is ok only for each box.
 Enter the o/c-protection of the output switch if applicable.
 If not available/ applicable, write “n/a” in the related field.
 Enter test data/tick where applicable

B. Main-combiner-Boxes (MCB), (Annex 5.2)

 Mark, if the measurements were taken directly inside the inverter or at a separate MCB
 Insert all data.
 After the amount of SCB´s connected to this MCB/ inverter input has been entered, the
column headers for the protection devices in part a) and for Voc or IMPP-measurements
in part b) will be filled automatically. If there are more than five SCB´s connected, each
second line will be shaded in order to have space at the part for the o/c-protection
devices for the further boxes 6 till 10 connected to the same MCB. In the seldom case
you have different amount of SCB´s connected to the inverters at the same station and
the first MCB has only up to five, while another one has more than five Boxes
connected, you need to fill the column headers manually.
 Check for correct function/ installation [all components right fixed- torque, OVP ok etc.)
and the fuses for conductivity and correct choice (In)] for all inputs.
 Note the o/c-protection of the separate inputs (coming from the SCB).
 Measure at first with disconnected fuses the polarity and open circuit voltage of each
input. After verification of correct polarity and Voc-values and the visual checks, the
INV can be energized. Once the MPP is stable (incl. stable weather conditions), the
operational currents (Impp) can be measured and compared with the expected values.
In case unexpected differences will be identified, the reason needs to be investigated
(e.g. missing strings at the SCB´s).

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 Perform the measurements at as constant as possible weather conditions, esp. the
current measurements. Note the temperature and irradiation at the top of the second
table.
 Check if the SCB had connected all strings (relaisblock, blown fuses etc.) and if the full
power reached the inverter (if applicable).
 Due to installation specifics (or failures) it could happen, that the order of numbering of
the SCB is not allocated to the order of the MCB/ inverter inputs (X1…Xx). For that
reason, the correct number of the SCB also has to be written in the form during the
voltage/polarity test and will be automatically used for the current measurements.
Please make sure, the inputs of the device are correct labelled accordingly.
 Instruction form: to avoid double work while filling out the MCB-No., the fields in both
tables are connected. You only have to fill the numbers in the first table.
 Enter measurement data  Tick where applicable

General advice:
 Note plant name, date of measurements and the equipment used in the top lines

 This Annex is prepared for max. 100 string inverters. It can be used one file per plant or
per transformer station. If more inverters are connected to one transformer, please use
an additional file.
Measure with appropriate calibrated devices only!

A. String-inverters used (Annex 6.1)

 Fill out the relevant data of each inverter / tick where applicable
 Label means the real short description of the device according the planning (e.g. 1.1)
 Serial number: can be found on the label of wrapping
 Number of phases means the phases where the inverter feeds in
 Wiring = number of parallel connected strings x number of modules per string
(e.g. 2 x 10)
 Fill in the relevant data from the datasheet/ type label for OVP, power and the max.
DC-voltage/ max. DC-current of the inverter
 Note the real installed DC-power, connected to each inverter
 Note the In of the installed o/c-protection (fuse/ MCB) in the allocated switchboard

B. Check of phase allocation/ polarity and torque (Annex 6.2)

 Check the allocation/ polarity (L1,L2,L3,N,PE, parallel cables) of all relevant main AC-
cable sections. AC-subdistribution type 1 could be the connection point for the separate
inverters, type 2 could be an additional collection box of AC-cables before the main-AC-
distribution (if applicable). If there is only one type of AC-subdistribution, the third
cable section is not applicable (c). Tick the checkbox (“n/a”) please, if some parts are
not relevant.
 Check the torque of the cable core terminations at each distribution board as far as
applicable according the manufacturer requirements.
 Tick where applicable
 Note special features or abnormalities in the comment lines or Annex 1b

C. Measurement of AC – voltages (Annex 6.3)

 Note the number/ label of the box and the serial number
 Measure at each main- and subdistribution all relevant voltages and the phase
sequence (phase rotation/ rotary field)
 Check at first at the station (MDB/ LV-panel), then at the distribution boards in the field
and/ or close to the inverters.
 Check before starting the inverters

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 Take one measurement for all connected devices/ inverters at the box (at the input of
the board before energizing the devices itself)! Disconnect the inverters and further
loads, switch on the main switch or safety devices (fuse, ...)! Measure in front of the
safety devices at the related distribution!
 Switch-on the devices and inverters one by one only and check also the correct
allocation.

No feed-in into the grid while measuring! Mains voltage has to be switched
on!

 The phase sequence has to be clockwise

 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable

D. Test & Commissioning of string-inverter (Annex 6.4)

 Describe the weather, that prevails at time of measurements

 Take outside temperature / measure irradiation and fill in the data
 Measurement of irradiation with calibrated irradiation measurement device in height of
the modules
 For appropriate measurement data there should be at least an irradiation of 300W/m2
 While the inverter is off, check the polarity, the string fuses (if applicable), measure the
open-circuit-voltage for each MPP-tracker and check the three AC-voltages, if they are
in the right range.
 After starting-up the inverters measure the operating voltage for each MPP-tracker and
all currents (DC and AC), read the power from the display or measure it. If there are
more than 6 inputs at the inverter (e.g. SunGrow) use a second line for further values.
 Check the function of the internal fan (if applicable)
 The grey marked columns might be optional and don´t need to be filled at each time.
The decision has to be done by the commissioning manager.
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable

E. Summary current in the main cables (Annex 6.5)

 For plants with string inverters the AC-summary (total) current at the main lines at the
LV-part to the transformer has to be measured also.
 After start-up of the inverters and getting a stable feed-in condition the AC-currents
have to be measured. Check, if the currents in the N- and PE- conductor are not out of
the limits and the system is as symmetrical as required.
 Describe the weather conditions, that prevails at time of testing
 Take outside temperature / measure irradiation and fill in the data
 Measurement of irradiation with calibrated irradiation measurement device in height of
the modules
 For appropriate measurement data there should be at least an irradiation of 300/m²

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 Note the place of measurement (near the transformer or the main AC-distribution) and
the current load (power) of connected inverters
 Enter measurement data/ tick where applicable

F. Check of power failure (Annex 6.6)

 For protection reasons all inverters have to be equipped with a grid monitoring/
protection relay. Furthermore, there might be a requirement for an external protection
device at the MDB/ transformer station at the LV-part.
 If there is an additional (higher level) protection (beside the inverters and the HV-
protection relay) required or necessary, it needs to be set and tested as well. Please
mark, if this is applicable and the test results are available. Provide the test reports
attached to this Annex.
 Note the grid-code set into the inverters (e.g. UK-G59/3)
 Check, if the inverter will switch off /disconnect from the grid, if a phase is missing or
there are differences to the nominal values
 If there is a power balancer installed (for single-phase inverters with a power above
4,5kVA), check the correct function and mark it.
 After all settings of the grid monitoring parameters are done, print out a pdf-file or a
screen shoot of this report and put it attached.
 Enter measurement data on the table  tick where applicable

General advice:

1. General data

 Note complete brand, mounting place and serial numbers for the device itself and the
display if applicable
 Fill in the power values and mark, if the inverter power is limited (reduced). If the
check-box “no” will be marked, the field “set power” will be filled automatically with the
max. AC-power. Otherwise you need to fill also the field of the real AC-power set for
this device.
 Fill in the No. of connected PV-modules to this inverter and the active area of one
module. Within automatically the min. leakage resistance will be calculated, which has
to be correct set in the inverter control panel (if applicable only). If another value than
the calculated one will be set, please note this in the next line “configured”.
 Enter the nominal current for the fuses/ CB´s for aux. supply, AC- energy circuits and
DC-inputs; if there are thermo-magnetic switches (MCCB), enter also the set tripping
values of the switches (Itherm=overload current (thermal protection); Im=short circuit
current (magnetic protection)).
 If the inverter is equipped with DC-circuit breakers (MCCB´s) at the inputs, the
max. number of inputs in the protocol is limited to 8. In this case use the second
column for the Itherm settings and the third column for the Im settings.
 If the inverter has DC-fuses at the inputs, it´s possible to enter up to 24 inputs
of nominal fuse currents.
 Cross out the not relevant lines in the header accordingly.
 Note the type of SPD for each voltage level. If not included in the inverter, write “n/a”.

2. Configuration grid monitoring

 Enter the chosen grid-standard (number of guideline) stored in the device and note the
main threshold settings for voltage and frequency decoupling
 Check the control-unit as far if applicable (for grid management functions)
 After all settings of the grid monitoring parameters are done, print out a pdf-file or a
screen shot of this report and put it attached.
 Perform a protection test or put the existing test protocol attached (so far as applicable)
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable

(a) Phase allocation from inverter to the transformer or grid-connection-point

 Check each phase separately with disconnected cables at both ends

(b) Phase allocation from the current transformers of the inverter to the counter
meter
 Because most of the energy meters can be used up to 60A only (direct
measuring), special current transformers have to be used for higher current.
 This means, that current transformers must be installed to cables that shall be
measured.
 Also here check each phase separately (current and voltage paths)
 Tick where applicable

figure 7.1 phase allocation of current transformer meter

(c) Earth fault protection (DC)

 If the inverter or the inv.-station/room has a monitoring unit for DC-earth faults,
make sure, it is functional by simulating an earth fault at the dc part, connected
to the inverter. Be carefully, that the system is insulated and there is no other
insulation / earth fault existing. Use an overcurrent protection (MCB)- switch in
the test circuit (earth bypass) and reduce the attached power as much as
possible (inverter only needs to be able to start-up).

(d) Automatic switch-off and restart after DC-failure

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 Check for DC failure, at least shutdown the DC voltage and test, if the inverter will
change into a DC failure mode and will not stay synchronized to the grid.
 After clearing the failure/ switching the DC-voltage back on, the inverter shall
synchronize to the grid again.

(e) Check for AC power failure/ grid disturbance

 Check for power failure, at least shutdown one or all AC-phases and test, if the inverter
will change into a grid failure mode and will not stay synchronized to the grid.

(f) Cooling (ventilation) system

 Before connecting the inverter to the grid, the fan settings (if available temperature
values, rotation speed etc.) and a start-up test of the ventilation inside the inverters is
necessary. Check also the right rotation direction.
 If the inverter is equipped with a fluid cooling system, check if the pressure is correct
and the pumps are functional, the fluid level is correct and it´s watertight.

(g) All screw connection correct tightened

 Check with a torque wrench, if the AC- and DC-main cables are correct fixed at the
terminals according the required values; mark the checked screws.

4. Measurements
Measure with appropriate calibrated devices only!

 Describe the weather, that prevails at time of commissioning

(a) Tests with Inverter off:

No feed-in into the grid during measuring the open circuit voltage and
polarity! Mains voltage has to be switched on!
 Check before starting the inverters
 Measure voltages with an applicable measurement device (category and voltage
level)
 Check at first at the station/ external connection point, then at the inverter itself
(use the Annex 8 for these values).
 Start with the polarity test of the DC-connection and the direction of the phase
sequence of the AC-connection inside the inverter
 The phase sequence has to be clockwise
 Measure the DC-open-circuit-voltage (s) at the inverter DC-input (s). Measure
between plus and minus and as well both poles to ground separately. If the
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inverter consists of different DC-modules (Inv-Mx), perform the test for each
module separately. In that case the total value is not required.
 If the inverter is connected to an IT-grid, mark and do the AC-measurements
between phases and PE
 Measure the voltages at the energy-cables as well as the aux. power supply.
Energy cables/ circuits means here the cables, where the solar power will be fed
into the grid.
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable
 Grey marked fields in the table are not relevant/ don´t need to be filled.

(b) Tests with Inverter on:

Start-up the inverter and wait for stabile conditions!

 For better results, the feed-in power should be at least 50% of the capacity
 Measure voltages with an applicable measurement device (category and voltage
level) before actuating inverter
 Measure the AC-currents at each phase and the N- or PE-wire. Fill the results into
the lines described with “N-PE”, “L1-.., etc. as these field names are also used for
the voltage measurements. Measurements for AC-currents and -power are with
regard to the phases or in total. Please use the lines “L1-“ etc. in the protocol and
ignore the “N” or “PE” reference.
 Measure current with appropriate clip-on ampere meter at preferably stable
operating conditions (MPP) at the same power-level like for the voltage
measurements
 Very useful for these measurements is the HT Solar 300-device (or similar). All
values can be stored and later transmitted to the PC. So fill out only the storage
time and parameters, which are not measured with this device.
 Take the values for DC- and AC-power and power factor (λ) either from the
measurement device or from the calibrated inverter display. Power factor and
efficiency of the inverter also might be calculated; automatically suggest values
can be find in the related fields.
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable
 After this inverter measurements, don´t forget about the required
DC-currents of the MCB (or separate inverter inputs)- Annex 5.2.

A. Station checks and measurements (Annex 8.1)

General advice:

 Note plant/ station name, date of measurements and the equipment used in the upper
lines
 If the measurements were taken at different stations or places, fill out the correct
measurement-place at the top
 Note the station type and serial number
 Use for each inverter room or –station a separate page/ file
Measure with appropriate calibrated devices only!

1. Measurement of grounding resistance

 Enter the current value for this station (see also Annex 2.2)

2. Verify whether the screws are tightened

 Check all main cable connections (incl. PE-busbar) for the right torque (acc.
manufacturer requirements
 Tick where applicable

3. Check if all switches are disconnected

 Make sure, before connecting the station to the grid first time, everything is
disconnected (all breakers, fuses, MCB´s etc. in “off”-position) in order to avoid
damages of possible wrong parameters/ inrush and to allow a switch-on procedure
of one by one and tests under no-load conditions.
 Tick where applicable

4. Switch on the HV to the station

 HV-Switching action must be performed by authorized personnel only!!!

 Switch on the HV (MV) only until the first HV-transformer
 Tick where applicable

5. Measurement of AC-voltages (energy- feed-in-circuits)

No feed-in into the grid while measuring! Mains voltage has to be switched
on only until transformer or first LV-switchgear!

 Check before starting any devices, esp. the inverters!

 Make sure, the voltage level is within the required range
 Measure all relevant voltages for each inverter-input separately; if there is only
one common input, use this and make a note

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 Note in the blue header fields of the lines the point where the measurements were
done or the system part the input/ switch is for (e.g. LV-Panel; Inv.1; Inv.2-4;
QF3)
 Check also the phase sequence
 The phase sequence has to be clockwise
 Tick where applicable

6. Wait and control the transformer

 Tick where applicable

7. Check the external aux. supply

 If there is an external grid connection or a central transformer for aux. power of

the plant, switch on the supply and measure all relevant voltages at the AC-sub
distribution or the first point, where the power comes in before turning-on any
device.
 Check also the phase sequence (if applicable)
 Enter relevant data / Tick where applicable

8. Measurement of the internal aux. supply

 If the local station or inv.-room has an internal transformer, switch on the aux.
transformer and measure all relevant voltages at the AC-sub distribution or the
first point, where the power comes in before turning-on any device.
 Check also the phase sequence (if applicable)
 Enter relevant data / Tick where applicable

9. Check the start-up of the fans of the station ventilation or the cooling system

 Check the settings (start-up temperature, rounds per minute etc.) for all fans
 Start-up the fans by warming-up the sensors (>35°C) or reducing the start-up
temperature with a soft-/ hardware tool
 Check the correct function and settings of a cooling/ air condition system (if
applicable).
 Tick where applicable

10. Test of safety equipment

 Perform a functional test of all installed safety equipment and the complete safety
circuits (e.g. transformer temperature and pressure protection, insulation
monitoring, emergency switch off). Check also the settings of the devices and note
the values set.
 Some large-scale plants have an emergency power supply to secure certain
functions like communications after power failure. The emergency power supply

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should be taken to a starting test and it should be reported, after which time it is
ready for operation.
 Some stations are equipped with a float switch in the cable cellar to protect
electrical equipment installed below the inverters or avoid problems due to high
humidity. This switch needs to be set and tested as well.
 Sometimes the HV-switchgears are equipped with an interlock and/ or
intertripping mechanism. Both functions need to be verified before or during
energization
o An interlock is a feature that makes the state of two mechanisms or
functions mutually dependent (e.g. HV-disconnect and earthing switch). It
may be used to prevent undesired states and protect the operator and the
system.
o Intertripping means the tripping of a circuit-breaker by signals initiated
from protection at a remote location independent of the state of the local
protection
 Tick where applicable

B. Sub counter meters (Annex 8.2)

 Note: This part is only applicable for additional sub-counter meters, not the main
meters at the point of connection (please see Annex 12.3)
 If for the plant exists subcounter meters (different customers, special tariff like FIT) use
this part of Annex 8 to note all relevant data of these meters.
 Take photos of meter readings.
 Enter the missing values and tick where applicable.
 Mark the correct checkbox for the interface used for these meters
 In the Annex 12.6 the HV- CT´s and VT´s used are shown in detail. In the first column
of the tables is listed a number. Please note the number of the related CT/ VT for this
counter meters here in the Annex 8.2 in order to get both linked, the meters with the
transformers.

General advice:

 Note plant name, date of measurements and the equipment used in the upper lines
 If the measurements were taken at different stations or places, fill out the correct
measurement-place at the top
 Use for each inverter room or –station a separate page

A. Test of functionality of switch components (AC and DC) (Annex 9.1)

Turn power-off before testing!

 Check at first, if the switching device is functional (mechanically)
 Check the allocation of the switch to the related load device / circuit etc. (Check, if the
labeling and parameters are correct). If no dangerous situation can happen, this test is
also possible with voltage connected.
 Check also the correct choice of the switch devices according installation conditions,
max. voltages/ currents under normal and failure conditions and the selectivity
 These tests are applicable for all LV-switches of the main and aux-circuits. Each
switching device shall be tested, but for the documentation the results might be
combined for each type of switch. Note the number of checked switches of the same
type per object as above mentioned
 Tick where applicable
 Add further switches, if required in the blank lines

After the part of the plant under test is operational, use appropriated PPE!
 The main DC-disconnects at the SCB´s, DCD´s or inverters have to be tested under
load conditions. Operate the PV switch-disconnector while the system is operating and
make sure it safely isolates the inverter from the array.
Mark the checkbox in the second line for this test only.

figure 9.1 Additional test “under load” for DC main switches

Measure with appropriate calibrated devices only!

Supply voltage must have been activated!

 Note the circuit number and devices connected to the RCD

 Mark the model of the switch (separate RCD (RCCB) or combined with overload
protection (RCBO))
 Press the test button and mark the result
 Note the technical data of the RCD like In, In and type. Possible types can be A, AC, B,
B+ and F. Type AC is not released e.g. for Germany!
 Measure and test single and three phase RCD´s and enter the values in the related
tables
 Choose at your measurement device the setting “1x In” for testing of the release
current/ tripping time and a standard contact voltage of 50V (for agricultural conditions
of 25V).
 Three values have to be measured: the contact voltage (max. 50V), the initiate current
and time, when the device is tripping. For types A, AC and F note the results in the
column marked with “AC”.
 For RCD´s type B/ B+ two additional measurements have to be done and noted under
the column “DC”:
o Iinitiate (≤ 2x IΔn) with a dc-ramp, starting with 0.2x IΔn
o tinitiate (same max. values like other types)
 If the pv-installation is part of a big other electrical installations, only consider RCD´s,
that protect circuits related and installed directly to the pv-plant (inverters, fans,
station sockets, monitoring and control system etc.)
 The residual current – function of the main power switch can be reported under point 4
(Annex 9.3)
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable

C. Setting value of the low-voltage power switch (Annex 9.3)

 Fill out the data of the switch

 If a separate protection relay is installed, note the data as well in the header lines
 If necessary, set the right parameters for o/c-protection and o/v-, u/v-, o/f- u/f-
monitoring and enter the values in the table. A protection test shall be done and
documented. Mark the checkboxes below the table accordingly.
 If there is not an instantaneous or a trip after a definite time (DT) required, a
characteristic has to be chosen for o/c- and e/f-protection (first stage) according to the
protection study or requirements (Inverse Definite Minimum Time overcurrent
protection- IDMT).
The ampere rating of an over-current protecting device normally should not exceed the
current carrying capacity of the conductors. As a general rule, the ampere rating of an
over-current protecting device is selected at 125% of the continuous load current.
Depending on the time of operation of relays, they are categorized as follows:
o Instantaneous overcurrent relay
These relays operate without time delay (0.1s)
o DT- definite time tripping relay, figure 9.3.1
o Inverse time or Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) overcurrent relay, figure
9.3.2

figure 9.3.1 DT-Relay figure 9.3.2 IDMT-Relay

Typical IDMT-relay curve types:

Normal/ standard inverse relay
Very inverse relay

figure 9.3.3 different inverse time characteristics

 Measure the residual current protection function of the switch (see also comments
under 9.2)
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable

General advice:
 This Annex contains information and testing for different types of plant monitoring:
o PV-system monitoring incl. data logger and meteo sensors
o SCADA system signal list
o Telecontrol system from and to the grid operator
o Power plant controlling system
 Note plant name, date of measurements and the equipment used in the upper lines

 If the measurements were taken at different stations or places, fill out the correct
measurement-place at the top, use separate pages for different stations if applicable.
 Enter component data and measurement results in the table  tick where applicable

A. Visual inspection (Annex 10.1)

 After the monitoring system is ready for commissioning, a detailed sight check has to be
performed – this is the base for any final commissioning, esp. if this needs to be externally
ordered.
 Note the open issues in the table at the end of the page. Use Annex 1b (Comments) if
further notes/ comments are necessary.
 Rework and close relevant open points before final commissioning
 Enter relevant data/tick where applicable

B. Monitoring cables and connections (Annex 10.2)

 The layout of this part of the protocol depends on the general inputs for the type of
cabling. It is necessary to use separate test sheets for each different type of cabling or
network existing in the PV-plant (e.g. RS 485, Ethernet- fiber optic, WLAN or Bluetooth).
For Coax-cables please mark the relevant checkbox of the wave resistance below.

 The protocol consists generally of one page. If you need more, use further files/ copies
or get in contact with the commissioning management.
 At this part of the protocol, the wiring of the monitoring system shall be checked for:
o transition of all cores,
o the correct allocation of the single cores and the complete cable/ plug (input/
output of the connected devices) as well as
o the termination and attenuation as far as applicable and necessary (attenuation:
Optical loss of power. Attenuation is measured in dB loss per length of cable.
Attenuation is usually caused by absorption and scattering.)
o the signal strength of wireless communication systems
Check the resistances, allocation and transmission of the cables, esp. at RS485-bus; a
checked test-plug might be very useful

 Please check each cable section separately and note the start- and end point. Some
examples are already given (in blue) but needs to be adapted.

 Mark the results/ check the tick boxes

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Some additional information:
Types of twisted pair cables:
o UTP (unshielded twisted pair)
o STP (shielded twisted pair)
o FTP (foiled twisted pair)

figure 10.1 different types of TP-cables

Difference mono- (singlemode) and multimode fiber optic cable

Multimode and singlemode fiber optic patch cables
are different mainly because they have different
sizes of cores, which carry light to transmit data.
Singlemode fiber optic cables have a core of 8 to
10 microns. Multimode fiber patch cable allows
multiple beams of light passing through, while
singlemode fiber cable allows a single beam of light
only passing through. As modal dispersion happens
in multimode fiber cable, the transmission distance
is relevantly nearer than singlemode fiber cables.
Therefore, multimode fiber optic patch cable is generally used in relevantly recent regions network
connections, while the singlemode fiber cable is often used in broader regions.
Classes and categories according IEC 11801:
The standard defines several link/channel classes and cabling categories of twisted-pair copper
interconnects, which differ in the maximum frequency for which a certain channel performance is
required:
 Class A: link/channel up to 100 kHz using Category 1 cable/connectors
 Class B: link/channel up to 1 MHz using Category 2 cable/connectors
 Class C: link/channel up to 16 MHz using Category 3 cable/connectors
 Class D: link/channel up to 100 MHz using Category 5e cable/connectors
 Class E: link/channel up to 250 MHz using Category 6 cable/connectors
 Class EA: link/channel up to 500 MHz using Category 6A cable/connectors (Amendment 1 and 2 to
ISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Ed.)
 Class F: link/channel up to 600 MHz using Category 7 cable/connectors
 Class FA: link/channel up to 1000 MHz using Category 7A cable/connectors (Amendment 1 and 2
to ISO/IEC 11801, 2nd Ed.)
 Class I: link/channel up to 2000 MHz using Category 8.1 cable/connectors (specification under
development)
 Class II: link/channel up to 2000 MHz using Category 8.2 cable/connectors (specification under
development)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 72 out of 82
The standard defines several classes of optical fiber interconnect:
 OM1: Multimode fiber type 62.5 µm core; min. modal bandwidth of 200 MHz·km at 850 nm
 OM2: Multimode fiber type 50 µm core; min. modal bandwidth of 500 MHz·km at 850 nm
 OM3: Multimode fiber type 50 µm core; min. modal bandwidth of 2000 MHz·km at 850 nm
 OM4: Multimode fiber type 50 µm core; min. modal bandwidth of 4700 MHz·km at 850 nm
 OM5: Multimode fiber type 50 µm core; min. modal bandwidth of 4700 MHz·km at 850 nm and 2470
MHz·km at 953 nm
 OS1: Single-mode fiber type 1 dB/km attenuation at 1310 and 1550 nm
 OS1a: Single-mode fiber type 1 dB/km attenuation at 1310, 1383 and 1550 nm
 OS2: Single-mode fiber type 0.4 dB/km attenuation at 1310, 1383 and 1550 nm

Some typical values for losses and attenuation of fiber optic cables:

Bluetooth basics:
The Bluetooth protocol operates at 2.4GHz in the same unlicensed ISM frequency band where RF
protocols like ZigBee and WiFi also exist. Bluetooth networks (commonly referred to as piconets) use
a master/slave model to control when and where devices can send data. In this model, a single master
device can be connected to up to seven different slave devices. Any slave device in the piconet can
only be connected to a single master. The master coordinates communication throughout the piconet.
It can send data to any of its slaves and request data from them as well. Slaves are only allowed to
transmit to and receive from their master. They can’t talk to other slaves in the piconet.
In a Bluetooth network from SMA Solar Technology AG, the following products are masters and slaves:

The transmit power, and therefore range, of a Bluetooth module is defined by its power class. There
are three defined classes of power:
Class NumberMax Output Power (dBm) Max Output Power (mW)Max Range
Class 1 20 dBm 100 mW 100 m
Class 2 4 dBm 2.5 mW 10 m
Class 3 0 dBm 1 mW 10 cm

Examples for software tools for WLAN/ Bluetooth testing:

 WLAN: Software “inSSIDer”
 Bluetooth: Software Bennett
 IP/ LAN: Advanced IP-Scanner

 To keep the overview about the setup it´s necessary to note all parameters and
addresses used for the internet connection and components. Some examples are shown
(blue) but needs to be adapted.

D. Signal test – SCADA – I/O-list (Annex 10.4)

 For remote monitoring and control (SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition))
different signals and data needs to be transmitted via the communication network.

 Use this part of the protocol for the signal testing between the plant (local) and the
remote location. Check, if all required signals are available and the wiring is correct
allocated to the relevant terminals.

 If the test is done by an external company and an external test report with the same
degree of detail is available, it will be accepted, but needs to be attached to this
protocol. Please mark in that case the check box in the header lines.

E. Signal exchange to grid operator (Annex 10.5)

 For remote control of the power plant, esp. the HV-system, also the grid operator might
have some requirements for different signals to be transmitted via the communication
network.

 Use this part of the protocol for the signal testing between the pv-plant (local), typically
the point of interconnection and the remote location (control room of the grid operator).
Check, if all required signals are available and the wiring is correct allocated to the
relevant terminals.

F. MDAS- Logger and sensor parameters (Annex 10.6)

 The Meteorological Data Acquisition System (MDAS) contains a data logger and several
meteorological sensors.

 According the relevant international standard IEC 61724-1 (Photovoltaic system

performance monitoring – Guidelines for measurement, data exchange and analysis)
there are three different accuracy classes defined for the system, class C for basic
accuracy and within small PV-plants only up to class A with a high accuracy for large
scale pv-power plants. Please mark, which class of MDAS was selected and erected for
the pv-plant.

 Enter the data logger main information in the second part (b).

 In part c) the sensors have to be specified and tested, values to be entered in the table.

 IEC 61724-1 defines the following minimum number of sensors to be installed depended
on the system size:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 74 out of 82
PV-system size in MW Required number of sensors Required number of sensors
(AC)
(irradiation, amb. temp., wind) (pv-module temp.)
<5 1 6
≥ 5 till <40 2 12
≥ 40 till <100 3 18
≥ 100 till <200 4 24
≥ 200 till <300 5 30
≥ 300 till <500 6 36

 Soiling ratio SR = ratio of PV array output power to the power that would be obtained if
the PV array were clean and free of soiling. Setup: Side-by-side comparison of:
routinely cleaned cell or module and soiled module.
Methods:
o Normalization of temperature-corrected Pmax of soiled module when compared
to clean reference.
o Normalization of temperature-corrected Isc of soiled module when compared to
clean reference

 Irradiation sensors needs to be checked additionally for the correct orientation and
inclination (part d). Max. tolerances are given in table 6 of IEC 61724-1
Class A Class B Class C

Tilt 1° 1,5° 2°
Azimuth 2° 3° 4°

 General information of IEC 61724-1:

 In some cases, esp. for large scale power plants in some regions exists special
requirements by the grid operator or by law regarding the active and reactive power
control. In those situations, a special device, a power plant controller needs to be
installed and configured. Use this part of the Annex 10 for the data and testing of the
related equipment.

 Note the general information about the controller itself. In order to link the device to
the related CT´s and VT´s, which are described in Annex 12.6, please also note the
number of the transformers out of Annex 12.6.

 Mark the checkboxes for the test conditions. Only if these conditions are met, the
further tests are useful.

 Perform all tests required by the grid operator accordingly and note the results in the
tables.
 The pre-filled setting values for the grid protection are only an example according the
typical German standards. Please adapt it to the local requirements.

 If the tests were done externally and the test reports are available, please mark the
checkboxes and provide the external protocols attached to the commissioning
documentation.

H. Final checks (Annex 10.8)

 After the checks, measurements and tests are all done, please check again the whole
monitoring system in general.

 If the function test was done by an external contractor (Skytron), please mark the
checkbox at the top (“…done externally”). A separate protocol has to be delivered by
this contractor and needs to be attached to this documentation.

 Please check all components for correct start-up and status “ready for operation”.
 Then check at the corresponding monitoring unit (display, software, internet portal etc.),
if all devices are visible and no error messages or failures are shown. If there are failures,
note them in the table below with a short description.
 Note the error codes or messages from each device.

 Check, if the current software version is installed and the devices send plausible values.

 Note also the software or platform used for the monitoring.

General advice:

 Note plant name, date of inspection in the upper lines

A. Power transformer (HV-T) (Annex 11.1)

 Note all relevant data in the table

 “No./ name” means the real label of the transformer according the planning (e.g. “T1”)
 Vector group means the connection of the coils (star or triangle) and the shift between
primary and secondary voltages in multiples of 30° steps (e.g. Dyn5)

 With the tap changer the real existing grid voltage level can be adjusted to the nominal
voltage of the system of the primary side. This will be calculated in percentage of the
transformer nominal voltage level. Note the position of the Tap changer (step- No. and
the related primary voltage set) in order to know, if there are further possibilities for
adjustments and which input level the site has.

 Check, if all screws are tightened with the correct torque

 Check, if the star point of the transformer coils is correct grounded (as far as
necessary)

 Check, if the ventilation of the transformer cabinet or for the transformer is functional
(as far as applicable)

 Check the report of the detailed factory transformer tests (insulation resistance,
winding resistances etc.) and put it attached to this documentation.

B. Auxiliary transformer (Annex 11.2)

 Note all relevant data in the table

 Check, if all screws are tightened

 Check, if the star point of the transformer coils is correct grounded (as far as
necessary)

C. High voltage switch gear (HV-S) (Annex 11.3)

 Mark the mounting place of the switchgear. Often a PV-plant has different switchgears,
inside the inverterstation(s) and at the point of delivery. If so, you have to use the
separate Annex 12.4 for the substation switchgear as well.

 Write down the general type and manufacturer of the switchgear.

 Note the nominal voltage (the HV-S is designed for) and the real existing voltage above
the table.

 Note all relevant data in the table

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 77 out of 82
 In the first column should be noted the continues number of the switchgear cell from
left to right.

 In the second column note the exact number or label of the station, where the
switchgear is installed.

 In the third column write down the type of usage of the cell (cable panel/ transformer
feeder panel/ metering panel etc.)

 LSC class means the “Loss of Service Continuity”- the availability for further operation
of the switchgear cells nearby the opened cell.
Thereby is LSC 1: if one cell is opened, other cells also have to be disconnected/
the busbar- part has to be disconnected.
LSC2A: if one cell is opened, all other cells including the busbar will be
further operational and don´t have to be disconnected.
Only the cell, which is open, must be disconnected.
LSC2B: if one cell is opened, all cells including the busbar and the
opened cell will be further operational and don´t have to
be disconnected.

 IAC class means the internal safety class against electric arcs according the accessibility
written as IAC XYY ZZ (e.g. IAC-AFL 16kA 1s) (comp. IEC 62271-200).

Thereby X stand for the general accessibility with different letters:

A: user protection
B: public protection
C: mounting of the switchgear at a pole

Thereby YY stand for the side of accessibility to the switchgear with different letters:
F: Front
R: Rear
L: Lateral (from the sides)
Thereby ZZ stand for the electrical arc test conditions.

 Icw = rated short time withstand current; if the IAC class is not given, note at least the
short circuit strength of the switchgear

 In the second table note all main HV-switches with their electrical data’s and where it is
connected to.

 Check the cabling and function of the control and monitoring circuits (as far as available
and possible).

 Sometimes there is the requirement to switch-on the transformers/ stations

sequentially in order to reduce the inrush influences to the grid. This is called “cascade
control”. Please mark the checkbox and note in which cell this unit is installed. Note
further the details and the result of the test (during start-up).

D. Setting value of the high-voltage power switch (Annex 11.4)

 Fill out the data of the switch

 If a separate protection relay is installed, note the data as well in the header lines

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 78 out of 82
 If necessary, setup the right parameters for o/c-protection and o/v-, u/v-, o/f- u/f-
monitoring and enter the values in the table. A protection test shall be done and
documented. Mark the checkboxes below the table accordingly.
 If there is not an instantaneous or a trip after a definite time (DT) required, a
characteristic has to be chosen for o/c- and e/f-protection (first stage) according to the
protection study or requirements (IDMT). Please see further information also at chapter
C for Annex 9.3.
 In order to link the device to the related CT´s and VT´s, which are described in Annex
12.6, please also note the number of the transformers out of Annex 12.6.
 Enter measurement data/tick where applicable

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Manual for acceptance and commissioning report © SONNEDIX Mar. 2023, Rev. 1.2
Author: UDK Page 79 out of 82
Annex 12 – Commissioning Substation / Point of delivery
As far as for this PV-plant has been constructed a customer substation at the point of
delivery in scope of Sonnedix contract, this station needs to be checked and commissioned
or the commissioning organized also under Sonnedix supervision.

In general, the checks are very similar to the checks and measurements of the transformer/
inverter stations (Annex 8) and the HV-equipment, mentioned in Annex 11. Within the
points 12.2 are like 8.1, 12.3 like 8.2, 12.4 like 11.3., 12.5 like 11.4.

Please find the instructions for these points generally at the related chapters of this manual.
Here are given only additional specific information as far as applicable.

 Note plant name, date of measurements and the equipment used in the upper lines
 Enter component data and measurement results in the table  tick where applicable

A. Visual inspection (Annex 12.1)

 The requirements of the grid operators for the substations and the point of delivery are
typically more specific then for the customer transformer stations. Therefor an
additional part of typical visual checks has been added to avoid problems during the
energization procedure.
 Conduct all checks in time before the energization date and make sure all points are
satisfactory done.

B. Tests and general checks (Annex 12.2)

 Some of the tests have to be done during the energization process. Make sure all
relevant tests will be completed in coordination with the grid operator and the
authorized person for HV-switching.

C. Main counter meters (Annex 12.3)

 Make sure in time the meters are correct installed before energization. Conduct the
tests and take photos of the meter numbers, the date and time settings and the
reading after first start-up of the system.

D. High-Voltage current and voltage transformers (Annex 12.6)

 Use this part of the Annex 12 for the documentation of the HV current and voltage
transformers used for protection, metering and measurement requirements.
 The pre-filled values are only an example and needs to be adapted or deleted.
 Note the terminal, where the secondary wiring of the related core is connected to and
measure the voltage or the current with an appropriate meter.

The secondary circuits of current transformers must never be operated openly.

 Make sure stable conditions during measurement for all phases of each core.
 In the last column mark the checkbox “y”= yes (signal available and correct) only, if
the mentioned core is physical available and wired and the voltage/ current signal has
been measured at the related terminal AND reflects the required ratio, mentioned in
column 4/6.

If for the PV-system is installed an LPS or the solar generator is integrated in an existing LPS, it
has to be checked acc. Annex 13.

A. Visual inspection (Annex 13.1)

 Before any testing a detailed visual inspection of the LPS is necessary.

 The distance between mounting rack and lightning protection system is important
and the separation distance should be calculated.
 Regarding the points 12/13:
…the pv-mounting system is connected to this outer lightning protection system
…the pv-system is integrated into the protective zone
 If the distance between the metallic parts of the LPS (arrestors, rods, wires etc.) and
the metallic structure of the PV-system or building is always larger than min. 50cm
(or the min. calculated separation distance), so the mounting system is integrated
into the lightning protection concept; the danger of direct lightning currents in the
cables is low.
 If the distance is smaller than 50cm (or the calculated separation distance), so the
mounting rack has to be connected to the lightning protection system with the result
of possible high lightning currents in the system, which require special measures of
OVP.
 Tick where applicable

B. Measurements at the LPS (Annex 13.2)

 The main measurements are the grounding resistance of each separate rod or parts of
earthing systems and the transition of the discharge wiring system.
 Note the points, were the measurements were performed according the given examples
as exactly as possible and measure
 The continuity of the wiring
 The contact resistance from the ground point of the discharge
wires to the grounding rod
 For the grounding measurements the connections to the LPS needs to be isolated in
order to get a result for each earthing point separately.
 Note the values and tick were applicable

 Some components or terminals of electrical connections needs special consideration,

as the risk for overheating is high.
 At least all main terminals of SCB´s, ICB´s, MCB´s, Inverters, LV-panels and
transformers should be considered to check the temperature increase by IR-photos.
 In order to get the necessary evidence, the min. irradiation is 700W/m², the considered
part should be connected to full load conditions for at least 30Min., before starting to
take the IR-photos.
 Note:
o The Annex is already filled with an example in the first line, which needs to be
adapted.
o All IR-photos should include a temperature scale and if possible mark-up the
points with highest and lowest temperature in the considered area
o Use the same color code for the scale of each photo
o Lowest temperature of the scale should be less than the ambient temperature
or the temperature under normal conditions
o Highest temperature should be close to the max. allowed temperature for the
component
o Note the number or name of the IR-photo in the spreadsheet and include the
original photo to the documentation
o Take also a standard digital photo of the same area in order to make the position
more clear and give also an visual overview
o Check the IR-photo for the max. temperature difference at the point or area of
consideration to the comparable parts and note it in the spreadsheet
o Write the abbreviation for the classification in the last column in order to get a
faster overview about failures or abnormalities. Herewith means:
 Ok … the IR-photo/ thermal survey doesn´t show any
failures/ abnormalities; the result is ok
 ta … a thermal abnormality was detected at this IR-photo.
Further investigations/ measures are required.
 gta … a dangerous (“gefährliche”) thermal abnormality was
detected at this IR-photo/ area. Further investigations/ measures
are immediately required. The system part shall be isolated.
 nta … a non-thermal abnormality was detected during the
further inspection of the related area. The details shall be noted
in the attachment “A1b-comments”. Further investigations/
measures might be required.

www.thermografie.de

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