Scribd
Upload
14 views

Assignment

Uploaded by

moreashutosh03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Assignment

Uploaded by

moreashutosh03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Part 1 True or False (if true, please give a short explanation to support the answer; if false, please

correct it and explain why it is false)


1) Asphalt is purely made of bitumen and mineral aggregates. [5 marks]
2) Bitumen is the residue of the crude oil refining, which has the intermediate molecular weight in oil
products. [5 marks]
3) Asphalt pavement is more used than rigid pavement only because it is cheaper. [5 marks]
4) For sustainable development in flexible pavement, engineers normally conduct timely maintenance on
roads, where the major maintenance material asphalt cutback uses water and emulsion solvent as the
agent to make liquid bitumen and are used for road maintenance such as fog seal and crack sealing. [5
marks]
5) Bitumen chemical elements consists of hydrocarbons, heteroatoms and metals. [5 marks]
6) Bitumen colloidal structure includes asphaltenes, oils and resins where resins have the highest molecular
weight. [5 marks]
7) The more asphaltenes the bitumen has, the more brittle the asphalt is and the easier the road becomes
cracking. [5 marks]
8) Aging of bitumen leads to the conversion of oils into resins and resins into asphaltenes, making the
bitumen stiffer and more brittle. [5 marks]

[20 marks]

Page 1 of 3
Part 2 Calculations
1) (1) Assume the initial velocity of a car is 𝑣0 , the acceleration is a, and time is t. What is the expression
for velocity v(t) and distance x(t).

[2.5 marks]
2) Suppose we have 3 vehicles with the speeds 55 mph, 65 mph and 60 mph, respectively. What is the
time mean speed? What is the space mean speed?

[2.5 marks]
3) Consider a sample of two measurements, time mean speed is a, and space mean speed is b, prove that
space mean speed is always smaller than or equal to time mean speed.

[5 marks]

4) Based on field observation, it is found that the volume of traffic flow passing a point of highway segment
is 1800 vph, and the given time period is 10 seconds. Calculate the average rate of vehicle arriving 𝜆,
the corresponding expectation 𝐸(𝑋) and variance 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) of vehicles arriving within the time period.

[5 marks]

5) The vehicle dynamics equation is 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 + 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑟𝑙 + 𝑅𝑔 .


(1) Explain the physical meaning of each term.
(2) A racecar, generally rear-wheel drive, is speeding down a level straightaway at 95 km/h. The car has
a coefficient of drag of 0.28, a frontal area of 1.4 m2, a weight of 10 kN, a wheelbase of 2.8 meters,
and a center of gravity 0.5 meters above the roadway surface, which is 1 meter behind the front axle.
The air density is 1.05 kg/ m3 and the coefficient of road adhesion is 0.58. What is the maximum
possible rate of acceleration for the vehicle?
𝜌
The aerodynamic resistance calculation formula 𝑓 = 2 𝐴𝐶𝑑 𝑉 2
𝑉
The rolling friction coefficient calculation formula 𝑓 = 0.01(1 + )
44.73

𝜇𝑊(𝑙𝑓 −𝑓𝑟𝑙 ℎ)/𝐿


For a rear-wheel drive car, the tractive force calculation formula 𝐹 = 1−𝜇ℎ/𝐿

𝜇𝑊(𝑙𝑓 +𝑓𝑟𝑙 ℎ)/𝐿


For a front-wheel drive car, the tractive force calculation formula 𝐹 = 1+𝜇ℎ/𝐿

(3) Assume that instead the racecar encounters a steep hill that it must travel up. It is desired that the
driver maintains the 95 km/h velocity at a very minimum. What would be the maximum grade that the
hill could be?

[10 marks]
Page 2 of 3
6) A road has 4 lanes in each direction. The northbound capacity is 2500 veh/hr/lane and the free-flow
speed is 70 mph. What are the maximum flow rate and jam density? If a one-hour vehicle count in the
northbound direction for the outside lane gives 1600 vehicles in a non-congested condition, what is the
estimated space mean speed of these 1600 vehicles?

𝑘 𝑘2 𝑢 𝑢2
Flow equation 𝑞 = 𝑢𝑘, 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑓 (1 − 𝑘 ), 𝑞 = 𝑢𝑓 (𝑘 − 𝑘 ), 𝑘 = 𝑘𝑗 (1 − 𝑢 ), and 𝑞 = 𝑘𝑗 (𝑢 − 𝑢 )
𝑗 𝑗 𝑓 𝑓
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
For Quadratic Equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, the root 𝑥 = 2𝑎

[5 marks]

Part 3 Analysis as a transportation engineer


Assume you are a transportation engineer in Swansea and your job is to recognize, detect, and analyse the
distresses on the road.
(1) Take field images to show 3 typical distresses in the Swansea roads.
(2) Analyze the possible causes for the 3 typical distresses and provide maintenance solutions.
(3) Search in scientific database (Web of Science/google scholar, etc.) and find 1 paper/thesis/any
scientific literature to explain and support your solution for each distress maintenance. You can access the
literatures using school IP.
(4) Create a PowerPoint accordingly to explain the whole process from road distress image data
collection to distress maintenance approach. You can cite the contents and images from the literature, but
need to clearly indicate and properly do the citation.

So, Part 3 includes 3 components: (1). Word (PDF) file for question 1 to 3, that can be combined with the
solutions of Part 1 and Part 2; (2) 3 downloaded professional scientific articles to support your maintenance
solution for 3 distresses, and clearly indicate which literature helps to solve that specific road distress problem
in Swansea, respectively, in the Word (PDF) file. If the article/scientific literature file size is too large to upload,
you can take the screenshots of the first page and the key solution part; (3) a ppt.
Note: (1) AIGC tools like ChatGPT cannot be used for content generation for the solutions. It can only be
used for language polishing, and you must clearly indicate what part of the work is polished using ChatGPT.
Content generation for the solutions using ChatGPT will be graded as zero, determined as plagiarism and
later report to the university for serious academic misconduct.
(2) If you are unable to find enough road distress images by taking photos in Swansea, you can use the web
searched images. But you need to clearly indicate the references.
(3) No specific format requirements for Powerpoint.
[50 marks]

Page 3 of 3

You might also like