1

Past Papers(Paper 01)

DAY 07
1. Choose any two of the following passages from the Qur’an, and:
(a) briefly describe the main theme(s) in each passage. [4]
(b) briefly explain the importance of the themes in the daily living of Muslims. [4]

(a)Main theme: [2marks]

• This verse of Surah Maidah of discusses the theme of God’s messengers. Hazrat Isa was human and a
Prophet and not begotten son of God. He was born to Maryam without a father and he spoke as an infant
and defended his mother. Quran says, “He shall speak to the people in childhood and in maturity.” [3:46]
• Jesus did great things but only with God’s permission, “by my leave”. God gives miracles to His prophets to
help them, in this case Hazrat Isa got the holy spirit, the Book and the wisdom ,the Law and the Gospel; God
gives humankind signs through prophets of His existence, which separates those who believe and those who
don’t.
• God provides protection to his chosen people as Hazrat Isa was protected from his enemies and raised to
heavens alive. Prophets face opposition and persecution as Hazrat Isa was rejected with claims of magic.

(b) Importance in Muslims life : [2 marks]

• These teachings reaffirm Muslims the prophethood of Hazrat Isa (A.S) and the power of God.
• Humans are capable of great feats but it is God who gives permission for these; whether it is moon
landings, space travel etc.
• The words “By My leave” are repeated with each miracle to emphasize that everything takes place
according to the will of God so we should look to Him for the fulfillment of our needs. It also strengthens
Muslim belief in all the messengers.
• Muslims should use these as signs of God’s grace, and believe in His power. They should therefore
remember Him often, by praying, supplicating or doing good deeds, etc. to ensure they are counted as
believers.
 2

(a) Main theme: [2 marks]

• Surah Duha contains the theme God’s messengers. God gave reassurance to the Prophet (pbuh) that He
is always with him even when He seemed not to be. His assurance of this was proved by His past actions
of giving him shelter through Abu Talib, guidance through divine revelations and financial independence
through marriage with Khadija.
• A person may think that God has deserted them, or He doesn’t seem to be there, but He is always present
and with them through the hardships they endure, and He supports them.
• God reminds the Prophet (pbuh) of the worthlessness of worldly life and the eternal bounties awaiting
him in Akhirah [Hereafter]. Special instructions for good treatment of the needy and the orphans are also
given. Prophet (pbuh) is also asked to show gratitude and gratefulness to God for His favours. Allah says,
“And feed with food the needy, the orphan and the prisoner for the love of Him.” [76:8]

(b) Importance in Muslims life : [2 marks]

• This Surah gives a message of hope and consolation. God gave blessings to the Prophet Muhammad,
despite people saying that he had been forgotten by God.
• Muslims today should also retain their faith in difficult times. Muslims should look at their lives to see
their blessings and not think they have been given nothing. It should motivate them to keep their trust
upon Allah in straitened circumstances and hold themselves wisely with patience
 3

• They should not constantly want more than what they have, instead they should be grateful to God
through prayers and worship and make people aware of the ways in which God helps them.
• It gives message of being kind and helpful to others in need, like orphans and beggars etc.It also
strengthens belief in prophets which is an article of faith.

(a)Main Theme: [2 marks]

• Surah Kauthar presents the theme of God’s messengers. It was revealed when Abu Lahab called him
“Abtar” (cut off) which meant that his message would be lost after his death.
• God gave reassurance to the Prophet (pbuh) of his help and gave glad tidings of abundance of favors
in this world as well as in the hereafter. It is interpreted as a river in heaven, , his spiritual progeny
(Muslims) and his daughter Fatima.
• Prophet (pbuh) in particular, and Muslims in general, are instructed to remain loyal to his faith by
establishing regular prayer, by making sacrifice and displaying determination and good character and
reminded him that “rejected were the messengers before you; with patience and constancy they
bore their rejection” (6:34).
• It also tells us of God’s wrath for Prophet’s enemies and foretold about their destruction specially
Abu Lahab.

(b) Importance in Muslims life : [2 marks]

• The teachings give an insight into the relationship between God and the Prophet (pbuh) has lessons
for Muslims. Muslims today are that future generation of followers that was given to the Prophet
(pbuh), and so this sura gives them hope in times of need and teaches them to have faith in God’s
support in difficulties. Future hope is also given with the promise of the Kawthar in paradise.
• God always intervenes when one is in difficulty, so Muslims should look to Him for help and support
and not feel disheartened in times of difficulty, e.g. during illness or oppression.
• Muslims should remain steadfast despite the difficulties or mockeries that they face and be grateful
for what He has given them, remembering that real rewards are in the life hereafter therefore, justice
should be left to God.
• Muslims are also taught that they must love, respect and obey the Prophet (P.B.U.H) as Allah also
loved him and this will ensure their entrance in paradise.

O/N 2018 (12)

2(a) Write an account of how the four sources of Islamic Law are used together.[10]
O/N 2014
2 (a) Write about how the Qur’an is used with the other three sources in Islamic law.
[10]
M/J 2016
 4

2.a) The Qur’an is the main source of Islamic Law. Write an account of how it is used
with each of the other three sources. [10]
Marking Scheme:
The Qur’an is an authority in Islamic law: it is the word of God. It is not questioned or contradicted
by the other sources; it is the basis of legal rulings in Islamic Law.
The Sunna is the Prophet’s example and is recorded in the hadith; these emphasise and expand on
verses in the Qur’an,e.g. salat and zakat. They are also used when the Qur’an is silent on a matter,
e.g. the inheritance given to a grandmother. The Hadith also explains, qualifies and provides
exceptions to the absolute injunctions of Quran. Examples of Hadiths explaining circumstances under
which hands of a thief can be cut or foods that are halal and haram apart from those mentioned in
Quran, can be cited. They are interlinked so are the two main (primary) sources, the hadith never
contradicting the Qur’an.
Ijma’ and qiyas became more important after the Prophet’s demise and are used mainly for issues
that did not arise during his lifetime.
Ijma’ is the consensus of opinion of scholars: ‘my community will never agree upon an error’. Some
issues they have had to deal with have been, at the time of the caliphs, the compiling of the Qur’an
and more recently, the permissibility of IVF; those knowledgeable about Islamic Law decide on new
matters based on what they know already from the Qur’an and Hadith, and then agree on a ruling.
The rulings are based on existing Qur’anic rulings, so there is no contradiction or disagreement with
the Qur’an. A good example would be the ijma on the prohibition of marriage to one’s grandmother
based on Quranic verse.
Qiyas is analogy, when one Islamic ruling is compared with another to derive a new ruling for a
new issue.Examples of this could be the use of cocaine being prohibited on the basis that intoxicants
are prohibited. The original case will have a ruling based on the Qur’an, and therefore the ruling on
the new case will have its basis in Qur’anic sources
How to Answer

Answer (Learn and write):

• The Quran is the only revealed Book of God which is protected by God Himself. It is the fountain head
not only of Islamic religion but also of Islamic law. It is not in the form of any definite codes, but in all
matters with which it deals, it is the primary and final authority.
Allah says in the Holy Quran that,
“(It is) an exposition of that which is decreed for mankind.”[10:37]
The Holy Quran lays down the basic law, and Muslims are enjoined to decide all the disputes in accordance
with the law as laid therein. Some verses of the Holy Quran on this point are,
“We have sent down to you the Book of Truth, so that you may judge between men according to law as
laid down by God.” [4:105]
All other sources of law depend upon it for their authenticity and none of them ever contradict it.

• Sunnah of the Prophet is the second primary source of Islamic law. From the earliest times, Muslims
usually refer to the practice of the Prophet when they wanted to know exactly how to reach a decision.
The ahadith were always regarded as important source of teaching alongside the Quran.
Particularly among legal experts they became acknowledged as a source which was second only to
the Quran itself.
 5

As all Muslims know, the Quran teaches that Muslims must pay Zakat, the charity tax. This is usually
mentioned in the Quran together with Salat, as an activity of sincere believers.
“And be steadfast in prayer, give the charity tax, and bow down your heads with those who bow down.”
[2:43]
In this example Muslims are encouraged to give Zakat, but they are not told exactly what they should
give, or how they should give it. These details are found in the Hadith of the Holy Prophet:
the Messenger of Allah said:“No charity tax is due on property mounting to less than five Uqiya,
and no charity tax is due on fewer than five camels, and there is no charity tax on fewer than five
Wasq.”
Ahadith such as this helped legal experts to give advice to Muslims about how the teachings in the Quran
Zakat should be obeyed.
When neither of the primary sources offer answers, then ijma’ and qiyas can be used. These are used mainly for
issues that did not arise at the time of the Prophet;

• According to the principles of Islamic law, ijma is the third source. The word ijma means “consensus”
or “unanimous agreement”. It should be referred to only when there is no clear teaching in the Quran
or Sunna.
“You are the best of people evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right forbidding what is wrong and
believing in Allah.” [3:110]
O who you believe! Obey Allah and obey the Apostle and those charged with authority among you. [4:59]
These and other verses like them indicate that the community has been given authority because it is upright
and follows the guidance of Allah and the example of the Prophet (pbuh).Ijma is used to interpret and
explain the teachings of Quran when Hadith is also silent on that issue,for example;
If a father has died before his son, when the son himself dies the grandfather shares in the son’s estate,
together with other relatives.
It is based on the Quranic injunction:
“It is prescribed, when death approaches any of you, if he leaves any goods, that he should make a bequest
to parents and next of kin.” [2:180]
It allows for grandfather to take the father’s place in inheriting from the son, even though it is not stated in
so many words in the Quran. This example shows that ijma can be regarded as a continuation of the
divine teaching for legal and practical purposes. It was always safeguarded by the agreement of leading
Muslims or of experts who could say whether or not a principle was in harmony with the Quran and
Sunnah.some issues they have to deal with have been, at the time of the caliphs, the compiling of the
Qur’an and more recently, the permissibility of IVF for married Muslim couples who do not have
children.

• Qiyas actually comes from a verb that means to measure one thing by comparing with another thing
that is similar to it.
“Qiyas is the legal method of deducing one principle from another by comparing them together.” This is the
fourth basis of legal method, according to Sunni Islam, coming after the Quran, Sunna and Ijma.
This may be illustrated by the following examples:
• Asl:The Fundamental teaching is describe by the Prophet (S.A.W), “Every intoxicant is Khamr so every
intoxicant is haram.” (Sunnan Abu Daud)
Far; the (subsidiary) : L.S.D cocaine opium and all other drugs
‘illa (the cause) connecting them is intoxication
Hukm (Law): all these drugs are declared haram (forbidden)
It is important to say that the asl must always be a principle from the Quran (as in this example), the
Sunnah or Consensus .It shows that the secondary sources do not contradict the primary sources but rather use
the primary sources as a basis for their answers.
 6

2 (b) How important is the use of ijma’ or qiyas in Islamic law in present day situations?
Give reasons for your answers.
2(b) How useful are ‘ijma and qiyas when dealing with modern issues?[4]
• new rulings can be formed for any new circumstance, based on their basic similarity with the basic
laws of the Qur’an and sunna. In this way the divine laws revealed in the Qur’an and sunna remain
unchanged without becoming outdated.
• The fundamental laws were made by God who created man and knows what’s best for him at all
times. For changing aspects of human life, the Qur’an and sunna provide basic principles which may
be applied by analogy whenever the need arises
• the secondary sources are useful in that they provide answers for issues arising such as smoking,
drug use, medical treatments which otherwise may get left to individual interpretations and Muslims
would not know how to react to these new issues..

4(a) The Prophet Muhammad migrated to Madina from Makka. Write about the Ansar
and the Muhajirun and the way they helped each other.[10]
M/J 2015
4 (a) The Prophet paired Muslims from Makka and from Madina after the migration ( hijra). Give
examples to show the character of the relationship between various Emigrants and Helpers. [10]
M/J 2019
5. (a) In Madina, the Helpers (Ansar) and Emigrants (Muhajirun) were made brothers. Give an account of
the main developments of his relationship. [10]
O/N 2020 (12)
5(a) Write about the brotherhood in Madina that developed between the Helpers (Ansar) and the
Emigrants (Muhajirun).[10]
O/N 2022
4 (a) Write an account of the first actions taken by the Prophet (pbuh) to establish a Muslim community
in Madina. [10]
Marking Scheme:
When the Muslims of Makka first arrived in Madina they were without many belongings. The Muslims of
Madina (mainly from the Aws and Khazraj tribes), who had invited the Prophet to their city, were happy to
welcome the migrating Muslims.
To unite the two groups, the Prophet made them brothers, pairing each of the Ansar with the Muhajirun.
The Prophet took Ali as his brother. Sa’d bin ar-Rabi and Abdur Rahman bin Awf were made brothers and
Sa’d was willing to share half his property and divorce his wife for Abdur Rahman to marry. He refused,
preferring to work himself.
The Ansar wanted to share their date palms with the Muhajirun but the Muhajirun refused, so the Ansar
offered them to work in their orchards and in return they were given dates. In this way the Madinans gave
protection and material assistance to their Makkan brothers and the Madinans came with their faith to share
and spread in Madina.
How to Answer

Answer (Learn and write):

 7

• When the Prophet (pbuh) first arrived in Madina, the people were happy to see him and wanted
him to stay with them. First of all he established the place for the first mosque and was then
involved in its construction. Azaan was also introduced.
• Muhajaririn or the emigrants were those followers of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) who migrated
from Makkah to Madinah with, before or after him. Some of them even left their families behind.
The Prophet (p.b.u.h) described them as favourites of Allah who will receive a splendid reward as the
Quran says: “Those who believed, emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah with their wealth and
their lives are greater in rank in the sight of Allah. And it is those who are the attainers [of success].”
[9:20] And “God will be well pleased with the first emigrants and helpers and those who followed
them in good deeds, and they will be well pleased with Him.” [9:100]
• Ansar or Helpers were the Muslims of Madinah, mainly from Aws and Khazraj tribes, who received
and helped the prophet (p.b.u.h) and emigrants. They were also called Ansar-un-Nabi, or Helpers of
the Prophet. They were good natured, soft spoken and pious people who were devoted to the holy
Prophet (p.b.u.h).This is confirmed by the Holy Quran in the following words: ‘’But those who before
them had homes (in Madinah) and had adopted the faith, showed their affection to those, who
came to them for refuge and entertain no desire in their hearts for things given to the emigrants,
but gave them preference over themselves even though they themselves were poor.’’ [59:9] Some
Ansar specified an amount for their Muhajir brother to inherit and happened until the verse was
revealed “Blood relatives are nearer to one another regarding inheritance.” [8.75]
• The holy Prophet (p.b.u.h) assembled them at the house of Anas five months after migrating to
Medina and told them that the Muhajirin had left all their belongings in Makkah and was now
penniless and shelter less. He, therefore wanted to create the relationship of Brotherhood between
the Muhajirin and Ansar. He appointed ninety Muslims, the forty-five of whom were from the Ansar
and the other forty-five from the migrants, as brothers.
According to this foundation of brotherhood established, leaders of each family in Medina would
provide a Muslim family from Mecca with accommodation and share their belongings with them,
and they would work together.
• The Prophet did not choose two Muslims to become brothers randomly. Contrarily, he investigated
them carefully and appointed the best matches as brothers. For instance, there was an exact
harmony between Salman al Farisi and Abu’d-Dardaa; Ammar and Khuzaifa; Mus’ab and Abu
Ayyub, in terms of character, likes, and feelings. The emigrants tried their best so as not to be a
burden on anyone.
On this occasion, the prophet (pbuh) took Hazrat Ali as his brother and said, “You are my brother in
this world and in the hereafter.”
• Sa’d bin Rabi and Abdur Rahman bin Awf were made brothers and Sa’d was willing to share half
his property and divorce one of his wives for Abdur Rahman to marry. He refused, saying ‘direct me
to the nearest marketplace so that I may make my fortune with my own hands.’
The next morning, Abdur Rahman bin Awf, who was taken to Qaynuqa’s market, bought some
goods such as oil and cheese and started the trade business. After a while, he earned a fair income
and then became one of the well-known tradesmen of Medina.
• Many other Muslims of Mecca found appropriate jobs for themselves and lived happily by their
own work, like Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Awf e.g Abu Bakr made a living by farming.
• The Ansar wanted to share their date palms with the Muhajirun but the Muhajirun refused, so the
Ansar offered them to work in their orchards and in return they were given dates. In this way the
Madinans gave protection and material assistance to their Makkan brothers and the Makkans came
with their faith to share and spread in Madina.
 8

4.(b) Today Muslims often seek refuge in neighbouring countries. Show how the example
of the Emigrants and Helpers can still provide a model today.
4(b) Using this example, what can Muslims do for those people who have left their homes and
come to live amongst them in their communities?[4]
Brotherhood between Muhajirin and Ansar reminds the Muslims that the feeling of brotherhood is an
essential prerequisite for unity. It guarantees the safety and the well-being of the society at large.
Muslims should look to people coming to their country and neighbourhood from other places, especially if
they have had to leave their belongings behind, e.g. from Afghanistan or Syria. There are many ways one can
share their good fortune with others. If they have a business, they can offer jobs to those who need them. If
they have spare rooms in their houses, they can offer them as accommodation to people who have not yet
found a place to stay. They can share some of the food that they cook, or buy some groceries for them, so
they do not have to spend from their own money. Giving up extra items has more reward than keeping them
and will create better relations in the community.
(b) How might Muslims today follow the example of the community in Madina to make
their own communities stronger? [4]
Muslims should try to establish a sense of brother/sisterhood in their communities, e.g. when people move
into your area you could welcome them and share food with them. If you know they are in need of a job
you can try to help them find work or offer them a job, if possible. You can try to ensure they have what
they need and give them the information they need to settle into their new surroundings. if you are
moving to a new place you should get to know your neighbours and keep good relations with them. If they
do not share the same faith as you it’s important to live in harmony with those of other religions. you
should not take advantage of the generosity of others, or rely on others so much that you burden them.

M/J 2019 (11)

3(a) Describe the events of the Prophet’s night journey and ascension (al-isra wal miraj). [10]
Mark Scheme:
A comprehensive answer will provide an account of the main events both journey to Jerusalem and the
journey to the heavens, as well as mentioning the names of those the Prophet (pbuh) met and what he
saw.Candidates may include some of the following points. All other relevant points must be credited.
In the year before migration the Prophet (pbuh) was taken on a journey,“from the sacred mosque to the
farthest mosque” (17.1). The Prophet (pbuh) was woken from his sleep and his heart was washed with
zamzam.
• He was then taken on Buraq from Makka to Jerusalem by the angel Jibril. There the Prophet (pbuh)
led all the previous prophets in prayer. He was asked to choose between milk and wine, and he chose
the milk, to which Jibril said, “You have been guided on the fitra”
• After that, Jibril took him to the heavens. He (pbuh) met Adam at the door to heaven, and thereafter
he ascended and met various other prophets (some of whom should be mentioned)
• On the first heaven he met Adam, on the second Isa and Yahya, on the third Yusuf, on the fourth
Idris, on the fifth Harun, on the sixth Musa, and on the seventh Ibrahim
• He was led to the Lote Tree, past which Jibril could not go, and then met with his Lord. He was given
prayers and the last 2 verses of Sura Baqara
• On his way down he met Musa who suggested the Prophet (pbuh) ask God to reduce the number of
prayers given to his people. The Prophet (pbuh) did this several times, then at five, stopped, saying
he was too embarrassed to ask for further reduction. He was shown some of the inhabitants of Heaven
and Hell.
Answers should also mention that this all took place in one night, and when the Prophet told the people,
the Quraysh laughed at him. Abu Bakr believed in the event straight away.
How to Answer
 9

Answer [Learn and write]:

Isra and Miraj (Night Journey and Ascension) took place on 27 Rajab, 12thyear of prophethood/621AD. The
Prophet (pbuh) sleeping in the house of Abu Talib’s daughter Umm Hani. At midnight , he woke up and went
to the Kaabah and slept at Hijr, a semi circle also known as Hateem.
According to a hadith, Prophet (pbuh) said, “while I was lying in al-Hateem, suddenly someone came to me
and cut my body open. Then he took out my heart. Then a gold tray full of beliefs was brought to me and
my heart was washed and was filled and then returned to its original place. Then a white animal which
was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me( It was Burraq). I was carried on it
and Jibrael set out with me”.
Isra :
• By Allah’s will, Holy Prophet (pbuh) was taken from the Sacred mosque, Masjid al Haraam in Mecca
to the Farthest mosque, Masjid al Aqsa in Jerusalem in one night. On his way, he was shown some
signs of Allah and he also performed prayer at some important places. The first part of the journey is
referred as “Isra,” or the “Nightly Journey.” The Quran describes this event in these words,
“Glory to Him who took his servant for a journey by night from the sacred mosque to the farthest
mosque whose precincts We blessed. In order that We might show him some of our signs; for He
is the one who hears and sees.” [17:1]
• Prophet (pbuh) tied the animal to the same ring on the door of Masjid Aqsa used by the other
Prophets for their animals. The Prophet (pbuh) offered two Rakk’ahs prayer over there and led all
the Prophets .Gabriel then brought two vessels; one was filled with wine and the other with milk.
The Prophet (pbuh) chose the vessel filled with milk, and drank from it. Gabriel said, “Praise be to
Allah who guided you to Al-Fitra (the right path).
Miraj:
• The Prophet (pbuh) again rode the Buraq till he reached the lowest heaven. Where Jibrael asked for
the gate to be opened, and after a dialogue with the guardian angel, the gate was opened.
• on the first heaven Prophet(pbuh) saw prophet Adam sitting with a large group of people. On his
right were the souls of his descendants who were inhabitants of Paradise, while those on his left were
the inhabitants of Hell. So when he looked at right side, he smiled and when he looked at his left side,
he wept. The Prophet greeted Hazrat Adam. On second heaven he met prophet Yahya and prophet
Isa. On third heaven Prophet Yusuf. On the fourth Prophet Idrees. On the fifth prophet Haroon. On
the sixth prophet Musa and on the seventh he met prophet Ibrahim.
Then came a point where angel Jibrael left the Prophet (pbuh), as he was not allowed to go beyond
for his wings would burn. This point is a mystical lote tree known as Sidra-tul-Muntaha.
• The Prophet(pbuh) went ahead alone and finally, he entered the presence of Allah himself. Here the
last two verses(285-286) of surah Baqarah were directly revealed, and Allah promised that the major
sins of his followers would be forgiven, if they did not commit shirk. He was given the command of
fifty prayers a day which were reduced to five on his request after prophet Musa(A.S) suggested.
When he was suggested for more reduction in number , the Prophet pbuh said, “I have asked my
Lord till I am ashamed to face him”.
• It is narrated that during Mairaj the Prophet (P.B.U.H) had the opportunity to see Malik the keeper
of Hell. He saw Paradise and Hell, and the two rivers of Paradise, Kauthar being one of them. Fifty
prayers a day were made obligatory for the Muslims.
Return:
 10

• When Prophet(pbuh) returned, the lock on his door was still moving as it was when he left his house.
When Prophet (pbuh) narrated this event to Quraish, they made fun of him but when Prophet told
them of trade caravan that he had seen on his way, his truthfulness was proved. When Makkans
asked Hazrat Abu Bakr about his opinion on this miraculous experience, he believed and testified this
experience by saying, “If he said so, then it is true.” and was given the title of Siddiquei.e “testifier
to the truth.”
(b) What was the significance of this journey to the Prophet? [4]
The Prophet (pbuh) had been through a period of difficulty and this event made him realise that God had
not left him. It allowed him to see what he, and all Muslims, should be striving for which gave him renewed
strength. He realised his status amongst prophets (as seal of the prophets), he led them in prayer), and
realised the blessings God had given his community (by giving the five prayers), which gave him renewed
hope in his message and he began to work towards better prospects for him and his community. It was one
of the main miracles other than the Qur’an.
4(a) Describe the main events in the life of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) from his
childhood until he received revelation. [10]
Mark Scheme
A comprehensive answer will provide an account of some key events from the Prophet’s childhood until the
age of 40, as well as the main figures in his life and the role they played.
Candidates may include some of the following points. All other relevant points must be credited.
The Prophet (pbuh) was born in the year of the elephant. His parents were Amina and Abdullah. As with the
custom of the time, he was sent to the desert with a wet nurse.
• Halima Sa’adia narrates that they had good fortune with the arrival of the Prophet (pbuh) in their
household, and asked he stay with them another two years. During this time the incident of the angels
coming to clean his heart happened. Halima returned him to his mother
• His mother died when he was six on the way back from Yathrib. His grandfather looked after him and
then after he passed away Abu Talib looked after the Prophet (pbuh) when he was eight
• He went on trade journeys with Abu Talib and this is where Bahira the monk saw him
• He picked up arrows in the sacrilegious wars and was present at the subsequent Fudul confederacy
• He was employed by Khadija to go on a trade journey to Syria and on account of his honesty she sent
a marriage proposal to him. They had six children together
He helped resolve the issue of the fixing of the black stone. After this the Prophet (pbuh) spent
longer periods in the cave of Hira and at age of 40 the angel Jibril came with the first revelation.
How to Answer

Answer (Learn and write):

• Prophet Muhammad was born in the year of the elephants on 12th Rabi ul Awwal 570 AD. His father
Abdullah had died before his birth. His mother Aamina, named him Ahmed and his grandfather Abdul
Muttalib named him Muhammad
• According to the custom of Arabia, Prophet’s upbringing was entrusted to Halima Saadia, who
belonged to the tribe of Banu Sa’ad . Great blessing and good fortune surrounded Halima and her family as
long as Muhammad (P.B.U.H) stayed with her, they were never short of food.
After two years Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was brought back to his mother but there was an epidemic(plague)
in Makkah so she sent him back with Halima. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) remained with Banu Sa’ad for five years,
where he learned pure Arabic dialect, he said, “Verily I am the most perfect Arab amongst you; my descent
is from Quraish and my tongue is the tongue of the Banu Sa’ad.
 11

• When Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was about five years old, the Angel Gabriel came with another angel.
On this occaision, Prophet’s chest was opened and a clot of blood was taken out of his heart and it was
washed with Zam-Zam water. When Halima came to know about it, she got scared and returned him to his
mother.
• When Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was six years old, his mother took him to Madinah to visit the grave of
her husband. On their return journey she passed away at Abwa and was buried there.
• Umm Aimen, the slave girl brought Muhammad (P.B.U.H) to his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, who
brought him up with love and affection. When Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was eight years old, Abdul Muttalib
died, before his death he entrusted him to the care of his son Abu Talib. Abu Talib was very kind to
Muhammad (P.B.U.H); he was loving and affectionate his nephew. Allah says regarding this, “Did he not
find you an orphan and give you shelter (and care).” (Ad Dhuha 93:6) When he was a boy, Muhammad
(P.B.U.H) looked after the flocks of Abu Talib.
• At the age of twelve, Muhammad (P.B.U.H) accompanied Abu Talib on a trade journey to Syria. On
his way near Basra, he met a Christian monk named Bahira, who noticed the signs of prophethood in him.
He asked Abu Talib to take special care of his nephew and protect him. He also warned him not to take the
Prophet Muhammad to Syria as Jews would harm him. Therefore, Abu Talib sold his merchandise at Basra
and came back to Makkah.
• Between the years 580-590, a sacrilegious war broke out at the fair of Ukaz between the Quraish
and Hawazin tribes, despite the fact that war was forbidden during the Hajj season. Muhammad (P.B.U.H)
was 15 year old when he went to the battlefield. However he did not participate in actual fighting, he helped
by picking up stray arrows thrown by the enemy and giving them to his uncles. It lasted for many years.
• Seeing the injustice and ravages of war, some tribes decided to form an alliance to protect the rights
of the oppressed and provide them with justice. For this purpose they assembled in the house of Abdullah
bin Jad’an , they agreed that if they found anyone either a native of Makkah, or an outsider had been
wronged they would help him against the aggressor till the stolen property was restored to him. As three
main leaders in alliance were named “Fazl”, this alliance came to be called Half-al-Fudul (truce of Fudul).
Prophet Muhammad(P.B.U.H) was among those who attended the meeting with his uncle Zubair bin Abdul
Mutlib and was so impressed by its noble objectives that he remained loyal to it. Later on he said,” I was
present in the house of Abdullah bin Judan at so excellent a pact that I would not exchange my part in it
for a herd of red camels; and if now in Islam. I were summoned unto it, I would gladly respond’’
• Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.h) led a virtuous life. He was considerate, kind, forbearing, patient, noble
hearted and a man of principles. He was honest and truthful and was known as “Sadiq” ( the Truthful ) and
“Ameen” (the Trustworthy ) for these characteristics. Hazrat Sa’ad, his business partner said: “I was
partner of Mohammad (P.B.U.H) in business. I always found him very honest in his dealings; he never
picked quarrels, nor made any false statement’’
On the occasion of the annual pilgrimage, Muhammad (P.B.U.H) used to supply water to the pilgrims and
look after their comforts. He was always fair and honest in his dealings.
• Khadijah bint Khuwalid, a wealthy widow in Makkah, had heard about the honesty of Muhammad
(P.B.U.H) and approached him for this purpose and sent her slave Maysera with him on a trade trip to Syria.
• Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) worked diligently and earned a great deal of profit. When they came
back, Maysera praised him for his honesty, Khadijah was very much impressed, and she proposed marriage
to him through her cousin Nafeesa, which he accepted after consultation with his uncle. At the time of
marriage in 595AD, Muhammad (P.B.U.h) was 25, while Khadijah was 40 years old. They were blessed with
four daughters; Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthoom, and Fatimah and two sons Qasim and Abdullah, who
died in infancy.
• In 605AD, When the Prophet was 35 year old, Quraish decided to repair Ka’bah, which had been
damaged due to floods. When the question of placing the nlack stone arose, a dispute started as every tribe
was eager to have the honour to install the black stone. The dispute was prevented by an elder who
suggested that the arbitration of the first person who entered the mosque the next morning should be
 12

taken and all accepted the decision. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) happened to be the first person who came to
Ka’bah, and he accepted to arbitrate. Muhammad (P.B.U.H) placed the black stone in a sheet and asked the
leader of all tribes to lift it to the level where it was to be placed, and then he himself deposited it in its
place. Thus, Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was able to prevent a crisis with wisdom and diplomacy, which could
have led to bloodshed.
• With age and growing understanding Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H) became more and more fond of
solitude. He started retiring for days with a supply of dates, oatmeal and water into a cave in a
mountain (Jabal e Noor) outside Makkah, known as cave of Hira. There he pondered and mediated
over the condition of his people. These spells of loneliness and mediation became more frequent as
he approached the age of forty. One day towards the end of Ramadan in 610 AD, he was in the
cave of Hira, when angel Jibrael appeared before him and revealed first five verses of Surah Alaq,
thus he became a prophet at the age of 40.
4(b) The Prophet (pbuh) faced challenges in his early years but maintained his good character.
How can Muslims learn from this today? [4]
Despite living in an age of immorality, the Prophet (pbuh) did not lose his morals or his good character.
Muslims can learn from this to maintain their good character even in difficult times. For example, Muslims
today can be under pressure to be dishonest in business, but they should not succumb to greed. Or, they
may find people around them not committed to their prayers and encouraging them to miss their prayers
too, but they can follow the example of the Prophet (pbuh) and look up to his steadfastness in all
challenging circumstances.

M/J 2019 (22)

4.(a) Write about the events of the final year of the Prophet’s life. [10]
Mark Scheme:
Candidates may include some of the following points. All other relevant points must be credited.
The Prophet received many delegations in the final year of his life. In 631/10AH, the Prophet performed his final
pilgrimage. The people knew that the Prophet (pbuh) was going for pilgrimage and so many people came to join him
on this journey. They numbered 30 000 in total. The performed tawaf at the Ka’ba and then proceeded to Arafah. At
‘Arafah the Prophet (pbuh) addressed the people gathered there; this is considered his farewell speech, in which he
indicated he may not be there the following year.
• In his sermon he asked the Muslims to take their guidance from the Qur’an and sunnah. Revenge was
prohibited and usury was forbidden; he gave instructions for unlawful shedding of blood; the obligation
towards looking after wives was emphasised as well as the kind treatment of women; sticking faithfully to the
pillars of Islam was emphasised; the equality of humankind was emphasised saying no Arab has superiority over
a non- Arab and vice versa; brotherhood was established.
• He told them the Qur’an and sunna were left for them and reminded them they would have to answer for their
deeds. Then the verses 5.3 were revealed (today your religion has been perfected).
• The Prophet completed his pilgrimage and returned to Madina. He increased his seclusion. Jibril reviewed the
Qur’an twice with him.
• Prophet (pbuh) ordered an expedition to Syria under Usama.
• His illness began 13 days before his death. He moved into A’isha’s apartment for the last week and continued
leading the prayers giving the congregation advice.
• When he was no longer able to attend the mosque, he asked Abu Bakr to lead the prayers in his absence, which
made the companions very sad.
• He called for Fatima, Hassan and Hussain and his wives. The Prophet passed away on 12th Rabi al-Awwal, 11AH.
How to Answer
 13

Answer (Learn and write):

The Prophet received many delegations in the final year of his life due to which this year is also known as “Aam ul
wafood” i.e the year of deputations.The Holy Prophet (pbuh) performed his farewell pilgrimage in 10
A.H/631 A.D. The news was sent to the desert tribes, and people gathered from all directions to accompany
Prophet (P.B.U.H) at every step of this event. The actions of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) during this farewell
pilgrimage, established the rituals of the Hajj forever. The Prophet (pbuh) performed the Tawaf of the Kabah
on 8th Zilhajj and afetr spending the night at Mina he went to Arafat where he delivered the Hajj sermon at
the plain of Arafat on Jabal-al-Rahma (The Mount of Mercy) on 9th of zilhajj. He addressed about 30,000
companions. The subjects dealt with in this Farewell Sermon lay down the essence of what the holy Prophet
(pbuh) had taught during his lifetime. It explains the basic duties of Islam and one of the most important
teachings is that the Holy Prophet (pbuh) says he leaves the Quran and his Ahadith as the foundation upon
which Muslims should lead their lives.
The Holy Prophet (pbuh) told about his impending death and asked everyone to listen attentively. He
warned the Muslim Ummah against the evil practices of pagan hood, declaring Satan as the open enemy of
the believers. He told about the sanctity of life and property. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) emphasized upon
fulfilling the rights of Allah by worshipping Him alone and by performing the pillars of Islam.
“ Behold, worship your Lord; after praying 5 times a day; observe fast in the month of Ramadan;
pay Zakat on your property; and perform pilgrimage to the House of Allah.”
The Holy Prophet (pbuh) taught about the equality of all mankind. He said,
“All mankind is from Adam and an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor has a non-Arab over the
Arab. Similarly, no white has superiority over the black; nor have a black over white; except by piety and
good action…..you are all the children of Adam, and Adam was made of mud.”
Prophet (pbuh) also said that every Muslim is a brother to another Muslim and that the Muslims constitute
one brotherhood. He declared that the taking of interest (riba) was completely forbidden.
He emphasized on the rights of women especially as wives and also the kind treatment slaves.
“O people! You have rights over your wives and your wives have rights over you. Treat your wives
with kindness. Verily, you have taken them on the security of Allah and made them lawful unto
you by the words of Allah. And feed your slaves as you feed yourselves and cloth them as you cloth
yourselves. If they commit a fault which you are unwilling to forgive, then sell them.”
The holy Prophet (pbuh) also reminded the Muslims about their obligation of transmitting his teachings to
future generations “Let him who is present tell it to him who is absent.”
The religion and his prophet hood were completed .
On this occasion, he received the last revelation, “This day have I perfected your religion for you,
completed My favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.” (5:3)
After that, he arrived at Muzdalifah and performed his fourth, Maghrib, and fifth, Isha, prayer. At the break
of dawn, he returned to Mina to carry out the ritual of the Stoning of the Devil then ordered the sacrifice of
the sacrificial animals that he had brought with him. He then returned to Makka, performed another tawaf
and then spent the three days of Tashriq in Mina. It set a precedent for the rites and rituals of Hajj that are
to be performed by Muslims. He visited Khadija’s grave before leaving Makkah. He visited Khadija’s grave
before leaving Makka.
On his return to Madinah, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) organized the provinces and tribal communities. He
appointed officers to collect Zakat from the newly converted tribes and people of the Peninsula. the
Prophet (P.B.U.H) also ordered Usama ibn Zaid ibn Haritha to lead an expedition to Syria.
• Two month after his return to Madina the Prophet (P.B.U.H) fell ill with headache and fever. He
remained sick for about two weeks. At first, he performed all his duties as usual and led the prayers. On the
 14

fifth day of his illness, he retired to the apartment of Hazrat Aisha with the consent of his other wives.. When
he became two weak, he appointed Hazrat Abu Bakr to lead the prayers.
• On the last day of his life, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) called for Fatima, Hassan and Hussain. He told her
about his impending death but when she cried she told her that she would be the first from his family to join
him in paradise, then she smiled. He came in the mosque supported by his attendants, and joined the
congregational prayer behind Hazrat Abu Bakr when Abu Bakr heard him coming , he tried to retreat but
Allah’ Apostle asked him to carry on. The Prophet (P.B.U.H) sat on his left side. After the prayer, He begged
forgiveness from his hearers, and exhorted them to follow the path of Allah,
• Then he advised the Muslims to be careful about the rights of Ansar and to treat them well. He
ordered to shut all the doors that opened to the mosque accept door of Abu Bakr House he said “be watchful
about your five daily prayers and rights of your women and servants.”. He warned the Muslims not to
worship his grave. He had some cash with Hazrat Aisha which he gave away as alms. Aisha said, “His last act
was cleanings of his mouth with a brush made of a soft branch of a tree and his last words were, “now,
none but he the companions on high is needed.”the Prophet (P.B.U.H) died on Monday June 8th 632AD, 12th
Rabi ul Awal 11 AH. Everyone was stunned with grief.

The Prophet (P.B.U.H) was buried in the same place where he had died; in the house of Aisha, his funeral
prayer was performed in batches his family members including Hazrat Ali and Abbas bin Abdul Mutlib
lowered him in his grave.
(OPTIONAL)Hazrat Umar was so shocked that he drew out his sword and declared that he would kill anyone
who said the Prophet had died. When Abu Bakr learned about the death of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) after
ascertaining the fact, he said, “O People! Lo as for him who worshipped Mohammad, Muhammad is died but
as for him who worshiped Allah, Allah is alive and dies not. Then he recited the following words of Quran, “
Muhammad is no more than an apostle.. Many were the apostle that passed away before him. If he died
or were slain will you then turn back on your heels? A –Imran(3:144)” .

4(b) Which of the Prophet’s teachings from his final sermon do you think is the most important
for Muslims today? Give reasons for your answer. [4]
The last sermon is considered a summary of the main elements of faith, as it includes the five pillars,
equality of humankind, ethics and morality. It can be used in many modern-day issues such as racism,
inequality of women, the financial structure (dealing in interest), adultery, responsibility of actions
(particularly in crimes), treating other Muslims as brothers, and worshipping God.
5(a) Write a detailed account of the lives of Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Khalid ibn
Walid during the lifetime of the Prophet. [10]
How to Answer:

Answer(Learn and Write)::

Hazrat Hamza
He was related to the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) in many ways. He was the Prophet’s (P.B.U.H) uncle and also the son of
his maternal aunt as well as his foster brother. He was two years older than the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). Hazrat Hamza
was very fond of wrestling and hunting and excellent in the arts of swordsmanship and archery. He was so involved in
and attached to his pastimes that he hardly took any notice of the spread of Islam.
In 6th year of prophethood, One day he was returning from a hunt he was informed that if he had come earlier he
would have seen the condition of his nephew Mohammad (P.B.U.H) who was preaching his religion in the Ka’abah,
when Abu Jahl abused him. Hazrat Hamza was enraged on hearing this. He rushed to the Ka’abha where Abu Jahl was
 15

sitting with his companions. He pounced upon Abu Jahl and struck him with his bow on the head with great force.
Then he declared his acceptance of Islam. Those were the days when Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) would preach Islam
secretly. With the acceptance of Islam by Hazrat Hamza the situation changed and the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) was able
to preach Islam openly. After his acceptance of Islam, he gave up hunting and wrestling and devoted his time and
energy to the cause of Islam. Hazrat Hamza migrated to Madinah.
In the second year of hijrat, Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) sent thirty men to check the caravan of the non-believers of
Makkah under the command of Hazrat Hamza. He had thus, the honour of being entrusted with the banner of Islam
for the first time in Islamic history. He was also sent by the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) on various military expeditions.
During the battle of Badr he killed many unbelievers including their great warriors. In the Battle of Uhad, the
unbelievers deputed Wahshi, a slave of Hinda, Abu Sufyan’s wife to kill Hazrat Hamza in return of his freedom and a
handsome reward.
Wahshi hid himself behind a rock and as soon as Hazrat Hamza came within range threw his weapons at him. It was
such a deadly weapon that as it struck Hazrat Hamza succumbed to his injury. Hinda whose father Utba was killed in
the Battle of Badr by Hazrat Hamza, cut out of the liver from his dead body and tried to chew it. Then she cut off the
nose and ears of the dead body and made a necklace of them. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) led the funeral prayers for
all the martyrs of Uhad, including Hazrat Hamza and gave him the title of ‘Chief of the Martyrs’.
Khalid bin Walid
He was from a family who opposed the Prophet in Makka, and although he did not take part in the Battle of Badr, he
played a vital role in the Battle of Uhud against the Muslims, turning the Muslim victory to defeat. He converted to
Islam after the Treaty of Hudaybiya. In 629, Khalid set out for Madina. On the way he met 'Amr ibn al-'As and ‘Uthman
ibn Talha, who were also going to Madina to convert to Islam.
After conversion he took part in the Battle of Mu’ta. It was the first battle between the Romans and the Muslims. He
reported that the fighting was so intense, that he used nine swords, which broke in the battle. Khalid took over after
Zayd ibn Haritha, then Ja’far ibn Abi Talib, then Abdullah ibn Rawaha were killed. It was because of him that the
Muslims returned safely. For this the Holy ProphetPBUH gave him the title of Saif Allah – The Sword of Allah.
He subsequently took part in the Conquest of Makka, Battle of Hunain and the Battle of Tabuk. During the conquest
of Makkah he was appointed as leader of one of the four squadrons into which the Holy ProphetPBUH divided his army.
He was at the farewell pilgrimage of the Prophet, and is said to have collected three hairs from the Prophet there,
which gave him victory in his battles. When Hazrat Abu Bakr sent him as commander of an army to crush the apostates,
he said that he had heard the ProphetPBUH say about him : “ He is the best slave of Allah, a sword of Allah that has
unsheathed for the disbeleivers, the hypocrites and polytheists, “ (Ahmad)
Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Umar placed similar reliance on him and made him commander of their armies in the wars
against the Romans and the Persians.He died in 642 in Syria.

5(b) Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib showed loyalty to the Prophet. How can Muslims show loyalty in
their everyday lives? [4]
They can show loyalty to their faith by not giving up in times of difficulty or ease. They can show loyalty to
their friends by always being there for them when they need it or standing up for them. They can show
loyalty to their families by helping them even when they do not always want to.