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Intrusive Volcanic Landforms

Intrusive landforms

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anshikchaurasiyaansh
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102 views

Intrusive Volcanic Landforms

Intrusive landforms

Uploaded by

anshikchaurasiyaansh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q.

Critically examine main characterstics of Intrusive


landforms evolve due to volcanicity.
The lava that is discharged during volcanic eruptions on cooling
develops into igneous rocks.

The cooling may take place either on arriving on the surface or


also while the lava is still in the crustal portion.The lava that
cools inside the crustal portions takes diverse forms. These
forms are called intrusive forms.
When the magmas are cooled and solidified very deep within
the earth, the resultant rocks become plutonic but when the
magmas are cooled just below the earth's surface, the rocks are
called as hypabyssal igneous rocks.

(i) Plutonic igneous rocks are formed due to cooling of


magmas very deep inside the earth. Since the rate of cooling of
magmas is exceedingly slow because of high temperature
prevailing there and hence there is sufficient time for the full
development of large grains. Thus, the plutonic igneous rocks
are very coarse-grained (pegmatites) rocks. Granite is best
representative example of this category.

(ii) Hypabyssal igneous rocks are formed due to cooling and


solidification of rising magma during volcanic activity in the
cracks, pores, crevices, and hollow places just beneath the
earth's surface, the resultant rocks are called as hypabyssal
igneous rocks. The magmas are solidified in different forms
depending upon the hollow places such as batholiths,
loccoliths, phacoliths, lopoliths, sills, dikes etc. It should be
remembered that these should not be taken as the types of
igneous rocks because these are different shapes of solidified
magmas.

Batholiths
Batholiths are the cooled portion of magma chambers.
It is a large body of magmatic material that cools in the deeper
depth of the crust molds in the form of large domes.
They appear on the surface only after the denudation processes
eliminate the overlying materials. These are granitic bodies.

Laccoliths
These are large dome-shaped intrusive bodies with a level base
and linked by a pipe-like channel from below.

It bears a similarity to the surface volcanic domes of the


composite volcano, only these are located at deeper depths.
It can be considered as the localized source of lava
The Karnataka plateau is patterned with dome hills of granite
rocks.
Lopolith
When the lava moves upwards, a part of the same tends
to move in a horizontal direction wherever it finds a
weak plane.
It can get rested in various forms. If it develops into a
saucer shape, concave to the sky body, it is called
lopolith.
Phacolith
It is a wavy mass of intrusive rocks found at the base of
synclines or the top of the anticline in the folded igneous
country.
These wavy materials have a definite outlet to source beneath
in the form of magma cavities.

Sills
The near horizontal bodies of the intrusive igneous rocks are
called sill.
The thick horizontal deposits are called sills whereas the
thinner ones are called sheets.
Dykes
Dykes are the most commonly found intrusive forms in the
western Maharashtra area.

When the lava makes its channel through cracks and the
fissures, it solidifies almost perpendicular to the ground.
This gets cooled in the same position to grow a wall-like
structure. Such structures are known as dykes.

These are regarded as the feeders for the eruptions that led to
the development of the Deccan traps.

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