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8 views

Computational

Uploaded by

Mirdhula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Material balances on system with recycle and purge

N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3

Because of CH4 impurity in the N2 feed, a purge is needed (stream 6) to obtain


steady-state operation.

The H2/N2 ratio in the feed is 3:1 (stoichiometric) The separator is assumed perfect;
it removes all the NH3 but no H2, N2, or CH4.

The fee is 74.775 mol/s of H2, 24.925 mol/s of N2, and 1.2 mol/s of CH4.

Solution The flow rates that are zero (N2, H2, CH4 flows at point 4; NH3 flow at
points 2, 5, 6, and 7) were set to zero in the table of Stream flow rates.

17 equations and 17 unknowns

The overall material balances (Cells H29-H31) were not used in the solution
because these equations are redundant.

Excel was used to obtain the solution by inserting guess values for the unknow flow
rates (orange cells) and varying their values to minimize the calculated values in the
yellow cells

The material balance equations were arranged so all terms are on one side of the
equation and tries to make that equation equal to zero.

Input values in green


Input Solutions in orange
Cells used in Solver in
Fractional conversion in reactor 0.20 =X yellow
Fraction of exit stream purged 0.030 = purge

Stream flow rates


(mol/s)
Notation Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
H H2 74.1 330.80 264.64 0.00 264.64 7.94 256.70
N N2 24.9 111.16 88.93 0.00 88.93 2.67 86.26
M CH4 1.2 40.00 40.00 0.00 40.00 1.20 38.80
NH NH3 0.00 0.00 44.46 44.46 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ammonia synthesis
Flow rates in mol/s
FH2,3= 264.6
FH2,1= 74.10 FH2,2= 330.8 FN2,3= 88.9
FN2,1= 24.90 FN2,2= 111.2 FCH4,3= 40.0
FCH4,1= 1.20 FCH4,2= 40.0 FNH3,3= 44.5 FNH3,4= 44.5

FH2,5= 264.6
FN2,5= 88.9
FCH4,5= 40.0
FH2,7= 256.7
FN2,7= 86.3 FH2,6= 7.94
FCH4,7= 38.8 FN2,6= 2.67
FCH4,6= 1.20

Material balances
Mixing point Splitting point
FH1 + FH7 = FH2 0.0E+00 FH6 = purge*FH5 0.0E+00
FN1 + FN7 = FN2 0.0E+00 FN6 = purge*FN5 0.0E+00
FM1 + FM7 = FM2 0.0E+00 FM6 = purge*FM5 0.0E+00
Reactor FH7= (1-purge)*FH5 0.0E+00
FH3 = FH2*(1-X) 0.0E+00 FN7 = (1-purge)*FN5 0.0E+00
FN3 = FN2*(1-X) 0.0E+00 FM7 = (1-purge)*FM5 0.0E+00
FM3 = FM2 0.0E+00 Mole fraction CH4 0.10163
FNH3 = 2*FN2*X 0.0E+00
Separator Overall (not used)
-5.4E-
FH3 = FH5 0.0E+00 FH1 = FNH4*1.5 + FH6 01
FN3 = FN5 0.0E+00 FN1 = FNH4*0.5 + FN6 0.0E+00
FM3 = FM5 0.0E+00 FM1 = FM6 1.1E-14
FNH3 = FNH4 0.0E+00
3
A well-insulated, 65-m storage tank contains 220 L of liquid water at 75ºC. The
rest of the tank contains steam in equilibrium with the water. Spent process
steam at 2.3 bar and 91% quality enters the tank until the pressure in the tank
reaches 2.3 bar. Assume no heat losses. How much steam enters the tank, and
what is the amount of liquid water present at the end of the process?

Specific volumes at final conditions 0.23 MPa VLE


3
Vf= 65 m /mtot
V L
Vf= qf*V f +(1-qf)*V f

Solve for qf
L V L
qfin = (Vf-V f)/(V f-V f)
L V L
qfin = (65/mtot-V f)/(V f-V f)

Steam tables used for V, U, H values

Feed: saturated at 2.3 bar


o
Initial tank: saturated at 75 C

Final tank: saturated at 2.3 bar


tot L L V V
U 1 = m1 U 1 + m 1 U 1
tot tot
U2 = U1 + min*Hin (energy balance)
tot V L
U2 calc
= mtot*(qf*Uf + (1-qf)*Uf )

Energy balance for steam with quality fed to a tank initially containing a liquid-vapor
mixture at lower pressure

initial total volume of liquid


in tank V1totL 220 L
initial specific volume of
liquid in tank VL1 0.001026 m3/kg at 75oC
initial specific volume of
vapor in tank VV1 4.129 m3/kg at 75oC
tank quality initially q1 0.0682
initial mass liquid in tank m1L 214.4 kg
initial mass vapor in tank m1V 15.7 kg
mass added to tank min 91.3 kg
total mass final in tank mtot 321.4 kg
initial specific liquid
internal energy U 1L 314 kJ/kg at 75oC
initial specific vapor
internal energy U 1V 2475 kJ/kg at 75oC
Total initial internal energy
in tank U1tot 1,06,160 kJ
Energy balance: final internal
energy in tank U2tot 3,35,773 kJ
specific enthalpy of feed to
tank Hin 2516 kJ/kg at 2.3 bar
total volume of tank Vtot 65 m3
quality of feed qin 0.91 feed quality
specific enthalpy of liquid
feed HinL 523.7 kJ/kg at 2.3 bar
specific enthalpy of vapor
feed HinV 2713 kJ/kg at 2.3 bar
final specific volume of
liquid in tank VLf 0.001065 m3/kg at 2.3 bar
final specific volume of
vapor in tank VVf 0.777 m3/kg at 2.3 bar
final internal energy of
liquid in tank U fL 523.5 kJ/kg at 2.3 bar
final internal energy of
vapor in tank U fV 2534 kJ/kg at 2.3 bar
final quality in tank qf 0.259 at 2.3 bar
total final internal energy in tank
calculated from final quality and
specific internal energies U2totcal 3,35,773 kJ at 2.3 bar
3
final specific volume Vf 0.202 m /kg at 2.3 bar
L
final mass of liquid in tank mf 238.0 kg
tot
U2 -U2totcal 5.2E-04

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