CHAPTER

VERY LONG COMPOsITION

0t
ARTICLE
Writing an article is a very challenging task for anyone. It requires a high degree of
creativity, a wide range of vocabulary and a thorough knowledge of the subject
An article is a highly structured and directional piece of writing, written for a specific
purpose, i.e. to inform, to persuade, to entertain or to convince the reader. It
essentially has several paragraphs containing a distinct beginning, a middle and a
Marking Scheme conclusion.
Format 1 Mark
(Heading and writer's name)
General Points to be Considered while Writing an Article
Content 2 Marks
2 Marks
.Understand carefully the hints/information given in the visual/verbal input.
Expression Arrange all the hints/ information in an order in which you want them to develop
for writing the article.
.Use the hints/information provided in the inpur afterinterpreting them properly.
.Divide your article into several paragraphs when necessary. All the sentences in
the paragraphs should logically lead to the objective for which the article is being
written.
The whol composition should not be disjointed or fragmented. Every sentence
should be linked with the rest into a single whole
The first few sentences (comprising the first paragraph) should introduce the topic
and its main idea. The middle paragraphs should highlight the main facts of the
topic like the causes and effects, advantages and disadvantages etc. The last few
sentences (comprising the last paragraph) should state a conclusion on the topic.

Language used should always be simple and grammatically correct. It should be

straightforward, to the point and objective. Articles are usually written in third
person.
 Allinone ENGLISH CORE Class 112th
190
Elements of an Article single word, a pnrase
or a
sentence of.
comprise a

.Title/Heading There are predeterminedrules as such, but it

may rhe theme.
words. The title shouldbe thought-provoking and catchy and should highingn
Alternatively,
the name
immecan come
mediatelyafter
2. Name of the writer Sign
offyour article with your name towards the end.
the heading in the form of a byline. some surprisi.
intact by prOvIding
reader's interest 1sing
S. Introduction
Keep the topic in perspective; specify it keeping the
information or interesting facts related to the context. and disadvantages etc.

c a u s e s and
effects, advantages
4. Description of the topic Highlight various facets ofthe topic like the
5. Ending Wind up your article with your own views criticism, suggestion
6. Conclusion End the article with a desire, an appeal or a warning.

Format of an Article
LabourACUSe
wte an article for a newspaperin 120-150 words on the topic 'Child

Title/Heading
could
Child Labour-A Curse or title of the article
The heading
phrase ora sentence
a
by Kuldeep Sharma be a single word,
comprising 4-6 words.

Byline
either at the end
The name of the writer appears
it immediately follows
the heading.
or

Content
Children of today are the future of tomorrow and every child the writer could provide
has the right to education and to lead a happy and healthy life. In the introduction,
a question related to the
some facts or pose
theme of the article.
Engaging children in any sort of work inhibits and affects their
proper growth. Legislative provisions are formulated to
prevent the menace of child labour. But the children from the
most deprived sections of the population are forced to earn a
pittance or contribute to family work, sacrificing personal Expression
development. (a) Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words
and spelling.
Children started being employed both on farms and factories
(b) Coherence and relevance of ideas and style
because they provided a cheap and uncomplaining labour
force, as compared to adults. The importance of education for
the child was neglected and replaced with the necessity of
providing for food and shelter
Therefore, there isa need to look into the problem of child

labour from a multi-dimensional aspect to understand and

address the same ina society where the parents are guided to
understand the value of education for the child. This will open
upa brighterfuture for such children.
Article

191

Examples
1 You are
Ram/
Kajani. You feel that
India, with its rich and varied heritage, linguistic and
diversity, 1s
excellent destination for
an tourism. Promoting will surelyspecifying
cuituiC
economy. wnte an article titled, 'Promoting Tourism tourism
is Promoting Ourselves', promote outhe
advantages of
promoting tourism and how it Compartment 2017
can be accomplished.
Clues
.Tourism boosts the revenue
of economy.
Tourism creates a cultural exchange between tourists and local citizens.
I t allows young entrepreneurs toestablish new products and services.
This industry employs a
large number of skilled and unskilled persons.

Ans Promoting Tourism is Promoting Ourselves

by Rajani
TOurism plays a vital role in the economic development of a country. It is the second largest foreign excnange
eanertor india. Ihe tourism industry employsa large number of skilled as well as unskilled persons. It also
promotes national integration and international brotherhood. Thus we should promote it for own benefit.
India has tascinated people from all over the world with its secularism and culture. There are historical
monuments, places of religious interest, beaches and hill resorts that attract tourists. Every region is identified
by its handicrafts, folk dances, music, fairs, people etc. Bounded by the Himalayan mountain ranges in the
North by the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal on the other three sides, it can give a delightful
experience to the tourist. The enchanting backwaters, hill stations and landscapes make India a beautiful
country to visit.
The government's Department of Tourism promotes international and domestic tourism in the country. The
TOurism AdVisory Board recommends measures for promotion of tourist traffic to India. However, international
tourism has been adversely affected by terrorism as well as pollution. Sincere efforts to combat such
problems are required to further develop this industry.
Thus, tourism, one of the fastest growing industries today, plays a vital role in the economic development of
Our country. By promoting tourism, we will be promoting ourselves

2 You are Ram/ Rajani, a social activist. You feel unnecessary hurry is the cause of stress that hurts
people right from children to elders and is crippling us in many ways, even causing death. Write an
article on the topic, 'Slow and Steady Wins the Race' driving home how measured steps,
meaningful measures coupled with systematic approach can make us achieve our goals. Compartment 2017

Ans Slow and Steady Wins the Race

by Ram
Success comes to those who are slow but steady in their work. It is not necessary to complete work faster in
order to succeed in life. Take the example of driving a vehicle. If you are in a hurry to reach your destination,
death. Just like the hare in the race
any lapse in concentration may cause an accident, even leading to your
with the tortoise, even clever people who work speedily may fail if they work in fits and starts. Take, for
studies. However
example, a student who studies only just before an examination. He is never regular his
in
fast he is in going through the matter taught, he still might fail in the exam as his concepts were not clear, or he
did selective study but the questions asked in the exam were not from the topics he had covered in his hurry.
His failure is due to the fact that he did not work steadily and regularly.
and more careful in one's work. Those
Nothing is gained by being hasty and careless. It is better to be slower
time is lost as the work has to be done all
who do things hastily sometimes make many mistakes. Then, much
Over again. It is better to be slow and steady.
to work regularly with patience and
To conclude we can say that what one needs to sSucceed is the ability
perseverance.
 EXAM PRACTICE
monsoon season laid bare the
1 Recent floods in many metropolitan cities of the country during the
hollowness of the claims of the civic authorities of their preparedness. The poor
had to
bear the brunt of
the problem while no one was ever held accountable. Write an article on the common man s woes durina
are Sumit/Smita Verma.
the monsoons and the need for accountability of the officials concerned. You
Delhi 2018
2 The rising prices of essential commodities make life difficult for the common man. As a concerned citizen
You are Amit/ Anita.
Write an article on 'Rising Prices'. Suggest solutions to solve this problem.
Compartment 2015
Clues
in the market
It is due to varying demand and supply Traders also create artificial shortages
ensured
Middle class is the most affected class Real welfare of the masses must be
An etfective system of monitoring and controlling prices should be there by the government
3 Education has always been a noble profession. Our ancestors received their learning at gurukuls and
ashram. Even in the near past, pathshalas (schools) were associated with places of worship. loday,
education is fast becoming commercialised. Parents have to shell out a lot of money on Coaching classes,
tuition fees etc. Write an article on The State of Education Today'. You are Karan/ Karuna. All India 2016

4 According to 2011 census, literacy rate of hundred percent or around has been achieved by only a couple
of states in India. Illiteracy is found mostly among the old and the deprived sections of society. What can
the youth do to spread literacy in society? Write an article on Role of students in eradicating iliteracy'.
You are Karuna/ Karan. All India 2018
5 India is a land of diversity. One way in which it makes us feel proud of it isthe number of festivals
we enjoy. Write an article in 150-200 words on 'Festivals of India'. You are Karuna/Karan. Delhi 2016
Clues
FAMOUs FESTIVALS OF INDIA

6 Rising pollution, fast and competitive lifestyle, lack of nutritious food etc, have caused health woes for a
large section of our population. Providing healthcare used to be a charitable and ethical activity. Today it
has become commercialised, a money spinning business. Write an article on 'How to provide proper
healthcare to the common man'. You are Karan/ Karuna. Delhi 2016

7 The recent killing of Avni, the tigress which had two 10-month-old cubs has disturbed you. You realise that
human encroachment and the greed of land grabbing companies are the cause of this. Write an article in
150-200 words to be published in "The National Times' about your concern and the need to take urgent
action to stop the decline in the number of tigers in India. You are Amit/Ambika Shukla. All India 2019

Clues
Ecological balance will be disturbed due to continuous poaching
Local people also suffer who are dependent on forests
Urgent and effective steps should be taken to protect wildlife
Awareness campaigns must be initiated for the people
Culprits should be legally penalised
8 Rising prices of essential commodities make life difficult for the common man. You are
Nalini/Ranbir. Write an article describing the causes, possible solutions and how students can help
their parents to cope with the problem. All India 2020
 Answers
Mumbai Stops Again!
by Smita Verma
ndla s nanclal capital Mumbai once again came to a standstill on account of heavy rain. But rainfall over the
ast aay is nowhere as overwheiming as what the city experienced on 26th July, 2005 when it received almost
c an, the city faced a lot of problems and issues in terms of transportation as there was water
ogog eveywnere, telephone services were impacted, and even the lifeline of the city; the local trains were
badly impacted
Peope naa a lot ot difficulties reaching home and many of them were stuck at different places. India surers
requent i0Oding during the monsoon season, but international aid agencies say things are worse this year
with thousands of villages cut off and people deprived of food and clean water tor days.
n e sad tning is tnat our government is unprepared in spite of recurring floods every year. Thousands OT SIu
people nave their lives devastated by floods everv vear. Those who were already suffering and deprivea
classes surrer more deprivation. The government should take their responsibility seriously. Steps shouia De

taken to deal with the floods way before the monsoon.

2 Rising Prices
by Anita
The rise in prices of almost all essential commodities has become a regular common feature in India Currenty.
The rise in prices is partly due to varying demand and supply situation. However, the major reason tor rising
prices is due to lack of any timely effective measures taken by the dealing government departments to check
malpractices of unscrupulous traders. Such traders create artificial shortages and charge exorbtant prices
from needy persons. It is a shame that even life-saving drugs are not spared. The worst affected lot is the
middle-class, especially the salaried working-class having a fixed income, as they have to maintain a
reasonable standard of living and at the same time manage to pay more for essential commodities.
This problem can be solved by the government installing an effective system of monitoring and control of
prices through suitable measures. If they do not do so, sudden and acute rise in prices causes an all-round
spiral effect on prices that makes the life of common people miserable. Thereafterthere is a recession leading
to a sluggish economy and runaway inflation resulting in shortages and black marketing.
Asocialistic pattern of society collapses under its burden. The rich tend to become richer and the poor poorer
So the government should take suitable action in this direction. Only then the real welfare of the masses can
be ensured.

3 The State of Education Today

by Karan
Education is the process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and
habits. It enables to know the world beyond their own surroundings and transforms them to become
people
rationalist and humanist in outlook and world view. In this modern era, education is no more giving knowledge
in almost
or teaching child to know more about society. Unfortunately, it has been converted into a business
a
amount in return for the facilities they provide. In some of the
every institution. Such institutions charge huge
a
an average student and
best educational institutions of the world, donations are taken in return for registering
become commercialised.
giving him education. In short, education has
Advertisements made by the schools, colleges, coaching institutions etc are methods of getting more and

more customers in the form of students. Basically

the parents are being cheated in the name of education.
Education is a crucial component for shaping a person for citizenship in society and become a contributing
member to it. The system of education in the world has to improve; the meaning of education has to improve.

Providing education should mean giving quality knowledge to the youth to develop the world.
194 Allinone ENGLISH cORE Class 1,
Class 12th
4 Role of Students in Eradicating lliteracy
by Karuna
nteracy 1S truly a curse to society. It not only makes the masses helpless but also is
hinders
just a small
their development,
achievement

ACCOrding to the 2011 census, the 100% literacy rate of Kerala and Lakshadw
on the path of literacy. This depicts the state of the country.
Children wno
are
deprived of
nteracy Is found mostly among the old and deprived sectionsof society. efforts have
many
awareness. Though
education
Oemaderemain illterate.
by the Government of India to make the old and the poor literate, Dut such
efforts
One of the reasons of illiteracy is lack of are totally
a limited
success due to
had
inadequate. Even many plans and schemes launched by the government have
poor educational infrastructure.
this goal because they are
Only the youth can achieve
t cuve in making people aware. in various areas
have nimbleness in their actions. If the youngsters
start campaigns
9 y and create awareness among people
S dnd villages, literacy can improve drastically. If they
H achieve their target. Inus the youth
supporting them to
Or
teracy, people will not resist
must inv
involve themselves in the enhancement of literary and eradication oftn

Festivals of India
by Karan
of Indian people. vnen religion
rsvais Of periods of celebration, plaving an important role in the life
India are
to invest the festivals with meaning, this ioy came to be identified
with
the joy or worship.
n e restivals are still associated withspiritual
ervened religion as well as participation in productive activitles and wth the

seasons of the year.

are
the rainy season etC
ne narvesting festivals, the spring festivals, the sowing festivals during autumn all associated
festivals. The testival of lights
with nature. Even our Durga Puja and Diwali are
nans relation folk-traditions and the
the winter or harvesting roots in the age-old
The festivals have their
Welcomes season.

puises of the common man. Of course, as in primitive society, social relations corresponded simply with
forces of production; the festivals reveal the harmony of community living without any barriers.he regonal
festivals differ from one state to another. The manners in which they are observed and celetbrated are also

different.
they stil have a
But even though the festivals today have lost much of their significance in modern times,
definite role to play in keeping off the forces of disintegration in our society today

How to Provide Proper Healthcare to the Common Man

by Karuna
A large section of our population is suffering from health problems like illness, fever, injury, epilepsy, learning
disability etc. Women have problems related to pregnancy and childbirth, children require immunisation
against common diseases and so on. Most of these health woes have been the result of our changing
lifestyle, rising pollution, lack of nutrition value in food etc. Hence, the population requires access to better
healthcare facilities and treatment.
Unfortunately, health services are often planned without consulting the community members. To meet the
necessities of the people for accessible and affordable services, community members should be consulted
and involved in planning these services. Health centres should be more proactive
Most people prefer home remedial measures and go to the hospital or refer to a doctor only when the situation
is beyond their control. But it's not necessary that they go to a well-qualified doctor; they may approach a local
pharmacist or traditional healers.
Therefore, it is necessary that the health sector must intervene and create awareness among the people.
Healthcare facilities should also be within the reach of the common man. Further, government's investment in
public healthcare is very low. As a result, many hospitals run by the government do not provide sufficient
medical facilities. Therefore improvements are required in this sector. It is a positive sign that the government
is now planning to allocate more funds for the renovation of hospitals.
Article

195
Impact of Continuing Destruction of Wildlife
Humans are
always so
by Ambika Shukla
oT greedy
and selfish that they never feel for
tneir own wants. That is the primary animals and are worried
why we are losing our wildlife day by day. about
u

AVnl, teUgress which had two 10-monthreason old cubs is a case in point. Human
ne
rece l i and
the land grabbing mafia encroachment Torest
are
responsible for such events. on
Various tiger body parts are still in great demand
OI
WIa ainais. But as the demand is rising, internationaly though the government has bannea tne U
wildlife sanctuaries and illedal kilina of animals is increasing day by day in nationai
biosphere resenves with the pains
nus, aly wild animals are now on the verae of connivance local officials.
of
to tnis extinction. The ecological balance has been disturoea
Conunuous killing of wild animals. The entire au
ecosystem of forests has been upset aue
arge-sdE Kngs. Even local
should take urgent people who are dependent on forests for their livelihood are
steps to stop the decline of suirening w
Many endangered wildlife, particularly the Igers.
organisations are
working in this regard to protect and preserve wild animals. More awareness
De
created among the public in this regard so that people should neither buy nor sell products made
snoud
parts of Wildife. Further, the
culprits should be legally penalised through proper action by the rom
authorities condern

8 Rising Prices
by Nalini/ Ranbir
The rise inprices of almost all the essential
taces
commodities is a major roadblock that our country's economny
in the present world. With even basic necessities of life being sold at higher prices, the worst aftected
the middle class who need to
work hard to make ends meet. Due to
is
CommodIties like pulses, rice, price rise, the purchase of essential
sugar, medicines etc; is beyond the reach of one's pocket. In such a situation,it
is important to look at the cause of
price rise.
One of the major cause of the
phenomenon is the growth in population. With increasing demands, the seller
earn profit by selling the
popular products at higher price range. Further, a shortage of production, ineftective
distribution system etc; also contribute to the rise in
prices.
This problem can be solved
by the government by installing an effective
system of monitoring and control of
prices through suitable measures. If they do not do so, sudden and acute rise in prices causes an all-round
spiral effect on prices that makes the life of common people miserable.
We, as students, can also help our parents cope up with the increase. By reducing all extra expenditures on
food, bag, stationary etc; and by saving money. We can help our parents manage expenses during price rise.
Therefore, our collective action as well as the government initiatives can work to curb (reduce) this problem
and ensure the welfare of all people.

goaaetosuaileor
 SELF ASSESSMENT
1 Choice of c o u r s e a f t e r c l e a r i n g S e n i o r S c h o o l E x a m i n a t i o n p r o d u c e s a g r e a ttd
h e atopic,
l o fs t r'"Role
ess on the minds
of counsellin
of

be of great help to them. Write

an
aruc Compartment 2017
ourstudents. Counselling can
in choice of course'. You are Ram/ Rajani. cs and outdoor to a t h l e t i c s
attention

enough
2 Our performance in Rio Olympics has toid us that we
do not part the school's dallY routina
of the pay part of sch001 S
daily routine,
be an important Delhi 2017
our attitude. Sports should
Wnte an article eIsed of
il 'Importance Outdoor Games'. You are Sreeja/ Thomas
a r e going to Decome
tomorro
life. What they
has a dream to achieve something in
to be in ie.
IOu a r e
Simranjit
Y eenager Write a n article o n
'What I want All India 2017
What
our youth dream today.
O
Smita brides to matrimonial columne
Demand for fair
e O Tairness creamsisare
COmplexion an evidence in o u r societv.
obsession enough. Write an article giving your views On Deduaul
All India
mind.
2017

better than a fair complexion'. You are Natwar/ Nimmi.

Clues
Indian society is obsessed with fair complexions
Our deeds and actions depend on our inner beauty of mind only
Beauty is a light in the heart
Acts of kindness, compassion and empathy reveal our inner beauty
One shouldn'tgive preference to a fair complexion Our
a significant propOruon or people
emerging
is an ich in natural resources. Yet
economy. We are
Write an a r i c l e on How to
ndia
poverty is our rising population.
1s ving below poverty line. One cause of this Delhi 2016
keep a check on population'. You are Karuna/ Karan.
home. There is an urgent need to
O Women feel unsafe the road, at their place of work and even at
on
tO make women
an article on
How feel
change the male mindset in its attitude towards women. Write Delhi 2016
safe'. You are Karan/ Karuna.
air pollution, traiic jams, lack
I n c r e a s e in the number of private vehicles has caused problems like rising
Write an article "The
parking road rage etc. The solution lies in the use of public transport.
of space, All India 2016
Importance of Public Transport'. You are Karan/ Karuna.
Clues

c n t i c e r the bUs or train

for longer nces

Encou to Chood

8 For admission to colleges, there is a lot of competition today. For one available seat, there are hundreds of
candidates. Such a situation leads to stress on the minds of students in the schools. However, the practice
of Yoga can help them to feel calm and stress-free. Write an article on the topic, "Importance of Yoga to
students'. You are Karan/ Karuna. All India 2016

9 While watching TV, what we dislike most are commercial breaks; yet, a number of advertisements do add
to our information. Write an article on the topic Advertisements as a source of information'. You are
Karuna/ Karan. All India 2016
Article 197
10 You are s h i t , a sportsman. You are worried about the decreasing interest of students in sportsa
Amit/
games t e an article to be published in a magazine on the need for sports and games. You are
Anita. Use the hints given below. Compartment 2015

Clues
.
Sitting
most of the time
Excessive use of internet
. Most don't walk to the school More importance to examination results

11 Mid aay meal Scheme in the schools introduced by the government serves several purposes. Milnons
childrenTom the deprived sections of society get nutritious food leading to good health, are attracted to
have sone
the schoO1s, kept from going
drawbaCks too. Write an article
astray and developed into good citizens. The scheme may
on all aspects of the scheme. You are Navtej/Navitd.
All India 2015

12 Morning assembly in the schools givesa cool and calm start to the otherwise hectic schedule ot thediay. lt
can be a means of passing important information to the students. What are your views on this signincan
event or the dayt Write an on 'Importance of Morning Assembly'. You are Navtej/Navita.
All India 2015

this evu
13 Ragging has raised its ugly head again. A recent incident at a has shown that
prestigious
has not yet come to an end. Write an article on 'Ragging, an Evil'. You are Navtej/Navita.
school
All India 2015

Clues
A practice from the British era Original aim, respect for hierarchy
.Enforcingtraditions, discipline Prefect-A teacher substitute
Misuse of authority .Vulgar aspect
.Fatalities Solution
can go
14 Write an artcle on how we can make India a carefree and enjoyable place for women where they
You are
wherever they like to without any fear of being stared at, molested or discriminated against.
Delhi 2015
Navtej/Navita.
celebrate your 18th birthday.
15 In the year to come (if you have not already done this year) you are going to Delhi 2015
Write an article on the joys and responsibilities of being eighteen. You are Navtej/Navita.
on Tv
that some programmes
16 When children watch TV the adults generally scold them, without realising Delhi 2015
can be educative too. Write an article on 'TV as a tool of instruction'. You are Navtej/ Navita.

Clues
.Varieties of programmes are educative Can be used as a tool for instruction
TV can be a great help to all sections of society
Help learning in an effective way
if not better. Yet we don't allow her the
17 Emotionally as well as intellectually, a w o m a n is as good as a man,
'Status of Women in Society'. You are
man enjoys in society. Write a n article
on
same status as a
Delhi 2015
Navtej/Navita.
infuriated you and you scolded them for
18 You saw a beaten to death by a group of boys. Their act
stray dog
to animals. Write the article, you are
Nikhil/
their cruel act. You decided to write an article on cruelty All India 2014
Naina.
needs to be seriously dealt with. Write an
19 Corruption is rampant in our country. Everyone feels that it Compartment 2014
are Gopal/Gopika.
article on 'How to Root out Corruption from the Country?' You
happiness, health and success. You are Krish/Kavya.
positive attitude is needed to ensure
20 You believe that a
Compartment 2014
Positive Attitude.'
Wirite an article on 'Advantages of a
Clues
happiness to your life Helps youachieve goals and attain success
Brings more
and confidence
abilities Enables you to show self-esteem
Increases your faith in your