Unit 2B

Quadrilaterals

Name: __________________
Period: ___

2-11 Quadrilaterals
Driving Question: What is a quadrilateral?

Anchor: What is the difference between a rectangle and a square?

Quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral has four sides, it is 2-dimensional (a flat shape), closed (the lines join up), and has straight sides.

Properties
A quadrilateral has:
1. Four sides
2. Four vertices
3. Interior angles that add to 360
degrees.

Types of Quadrilaterals

Some types of quadrilaterals are included in the definition of other types! For example a square, rhombus and
rectangle are also parallelograms.

Parallelogram

A parallelogram has opposite sides parallel.

A parallelogram has opposite sides congruent.
A parallelogram has opposite angles congruent.
The consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary (add to 180).
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Rectangle

A rectangle has all the properties of a parallelogram.

A rectangle has four right angles.
A rectangle has congruent diagonals.
Rhombus

A rhombus has all the properties of a parallelogram.

A rhombus has four sides that are equal in length.
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect and form right angles.

Square

A square has all the properties of a parallelogram, rectangle and rhombus.

Trapezoid
A trapezoid has a pair of opposite sides parallel (just one pair).
An isosceles trapezoid, is a unique case of trapezoid. It has one pair of parallel sides and the
opposite sides are congruent with congruent base angles (similar to an isosceles triangle).

1. For each shape, write down the letter of ALL descriptions that are true for that shape.

_________Parallelogram
A. Two sets of parallel sides
_________Trapezoid B. Four congruent sides
_________Isosceles Trapezoid C. Exactly one set of parallel
_________Rectangle sides
D. Exactly one set of congruent
_________Rhombus
sides
_________Square E. Four right angles
_________Quadrilateral F. Four sides
2. Which description was used the most? Why?
3. Why do you think some shapes have more descriptions than others?

4. Which shape had the greatest number of descriptions? Why do you think this is?

5. There were two shapes in the card sort that could only be classified as “quadrilaterals.” They are shown
below. What’s the same about these two shapes? What is different?

6. Complete the sentence with always, sometimes, or never.

a. A square is _______________ a rectangle.

b. A parallelogram is _____________ a rhombus.
c. A trapezoid is _________________ a rectangle.
d. A rhombus is _________________ a square.
e. A rhombus is ________________ a quadrilateral.

7. A shape is given below with some markings. What’s the most specific name you can give to this shape?
Explain.

8. Find the area and perimeter of rectangle IJKL.

√ 20
2-12 Parallelogram Properties

Driving Question: Using congruent triangles and angles on a transversal, what can we prove about
parallelograms?

Anchor: You already know that in order to be a parallelogram, a quadrilateral must have two sets of parallel
sides. Let’s see if we can prove some other properties of parallelograms!

1. The diagonal from F to H has been drawn. What does this reveal about the sum of the four angles of the
parallelogram? Explain. (Hint: what does the angles in a triangle sum to?)
2. Using only the fact that opposite sides are parallel, mark each pair of congruent angles in a different
color. Why are these angles guaranteed to be congruent?

3. Is ∆EFH≅ ∆GHF? Justify your answer.

4. What statement can you make about the sides of the parallelogram? What reason would you give?

5. The second diagonal has been drawn.

Mark each pair of congruent angles in a different color.

6. What’s the relationship between the measures of ∠ E and ∠ G

? How do you know?

7. What’s the relationship between the measures of ∠ E and ∠ H ? How do you know?

Parallelogram
Parallelograms make multiple sets of congruent triangles.
As a result (of triangle congruence) we can show that:
1. Opposite sides are congruent.
2. Opposite angles are congruent.
3. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
4. Diagonals bisect each other at the midpoint of both diagonals (THIS DOESN’T PROVE
THAT THEY ARE CONGRUENT).

Check Your Understanding

1. Are the diagonals of parallelogram EFGH congruent?
Give a convincing geometric argument.
2. Write a flowchart proof to show that J is the midpoint of FH and the midpoint of EG .
(Hint: which pair of triangles would you want to show are congruent?)
2-14 Special Parallelogram

Driving Question: How can we use congruent triangles to prove properties about the diagonals of rectangles,
rhombi, and squares?

Anchor: Yesterday we proved several properties of parallelograms. Today we’ll look at some special
parallelograms—squares, rectangles, and rhombi—and see what additional properties we can find.

1. What properties do squares, rectangles, and rhombi all share? Why?

2. What makes a rectangle different from a rhombus?

3. A rectangle and a rhombus are shown. Use a straightedge to draw both diagonals for each shape. What
do you notice? What do you wonder? Be ready to share with the class.

4. Determine if each statement below describes a rectangle, a rhombus, both, or neither.

a. Diagonals are congruent.
b. Diagonals make two 45˚ angles at each vertex.
c. Diagonals cut the four vertex angles in half.
d. A single diagonal creates two congruent triangles.
e. Diagonals create four congruent triangles.
5. Which of these properties does a square have? Explain your reasoning.

6. Each group will be assigned one of the rectangle or rhombus descriptions. You will write the description
on a poster.
 What are the properties of a parallelogram?

Properties of Rectangles Properties of Rhombi

- Diagonals in a rectangle are congruent - All sides of a rhombus are congruent
- Diagonals are perpendicular
- Diagonals bisect the vertex angles

Squares have ALL the properties of parallelograms, rectangles and rhombus.

Check Your Understanding

For questions 1-3, find the measure of all eight angles.

1. PROM is a rectangle. 2. SINK is a square. 3. DATE is a rhombus.

m∠1=___________ m∠2=___________ m∠3=___________ m∠4=___________

m∠5=___________ m∠6=____________ m∠7=___________ m∠8=___________

2. ABCD is a rectangle. If DW=6 and BC=11, find DB, AC, and AB.

3. Suppose we wanted to prove that the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular. Show that m∠IMJ=90˚.
Quadrilateral Review

Properties of quadrilaterals
- Quadrilateral
o 4 sides, sum of interior angles, sum of exterior angles
- Parallelogram
o Opposite sides parallel, opposite sides  , opposite angles  , diagonals bisect each other,
consecutive angle supplementary
- Rectangle
o Parallelogram PLUS contains 4 right angles,  diagonals
- Rhombus
o Parallelogram PLUS 4  sides, perpendicular diagonals, diagonals bisect angles
- Square
o Parallelogram PLUS rhombus and a rectangle

*** Rhombus and a square both have perpendicular diagonals (forms 4 right triangles and allows for the use of
Pythagorean Theorem).

- Trapezoid
o one pair of opposite sides are parallel (bases) and one pair of opposite sides are not parallel
o median of trapezoid is parallel to the bases and equals one-half the sum of the bases
- Isosceles trapezoid
o non parallel sides are congruent, base angles are congruent, diagonals are congruent, opposite
angles are supplementary
Try this one on your own!

Statements Reasons
Review Questions