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IT2110 - Tutorial 04 - Answers

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IT2110 - Tutorial 04 - Answers

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Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology

Year 02 – Semester II – 2020


Probability and Statistics – IT2110
Tutorial 04 - Answers

1) Since, ∑ =1
c + 4c + 9c + 16c =1
30c =1
C = 1/30
E(X) = ∑
E(X) = (1*c) + (2*4c) + (3*9c) + (4*16c)
E(X) = 100c
E(X) = 100*(1/30)
E(X) = 3.33

5) Let X – No of passengers in a car (X = 0,1,2,3,4)

a) P(X≥2) = P(X=2) + P(X=3) + P(X=4)


P(X≥2) = 0.1 + 0.05 + 0.05
P(X≥2) = 0.2

b)
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X=x) 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05
/ P(X≤x) (c.d.f) 0.7 0.8 (0.7+0.1) 0.9(0.7+0.1+0.1) 0.95 1
No need to sketch the c.d.f. (cumulative distribution function)

c)
i. E(X) = ∑
E(X) = (0*0.7) + (1*0.1) + (2*0.1) + (3*0.05) + (4*0.05)
E(X) = 0.65

ii. E( ) = ∑
E( ) = (0*0.7) + (1*0.1) + (4*0.1) + (9*0.05) + (16*0.05)
E( ) = 1.75

iii. V(X) = E( )–

1
V(X) = 1.75 -
V(X) = 1.3275

iv. E(3X-2) = E(3X) – E(2) (Apply the properties of the expected value)
E(3X-2) = 3*E(X) – 2
E(3X-2) = 3*0.65 – 2
E(3X-2) = -0.05

v. V(2X+6) = V(2x) + V(6) (Apply the properties of the variance. Note that covariance
between a variable and a constant is zero)
V(2X+6) = 22 * V(x) + 0
V(2X+6) = 4 * 1.3275
V(2X+6) = 5.31

2) Given that X ~ Bin(100, 0.08).


Mean (E(X)) = np = 100*0.08 = 8
Variance (V(X)) = np(1-p) = 100*0.08*(1-0.08) = 7.36

3) Let X – No of faulty components out of 50


When p 0.95,
X ~ Bin(n = 50, p’ = 0.05) [where p’ (Probability of being faulty) = 1 – p = 1 – 0.95 = 0.05]

Probability that there are fewer than 4 faulty components [P(X<4)] = P(X≤3)
P(X<4) = 1 – P(X≥4)
P(X<4) = 1 – 0.23959 (Get the value from binomial table)
P(X<4) = 0.76041
When p 0.75,
X ~ Bin(n = 50, p’ = 0.25) [where p’ (Probability of being faulty) = 1 – p = 1 – 0.75 = 0.25]

Probability that there are fewer than 10 faulty components [P(X<10)] = P(X≤9)
P(X<10) = 1 – P(X≥10)
P(X<10) = 1 – 0.83632 (Get the value from binomial table)
P(X<10) = 0.16368
4) Given that X ~ Bin(400, 0.05)
Since n = 400 > 50 and p = 0.05 < 0.1, we can approximate X into a Poisson distribution.
Then, X ~ Poisson (λ = 20) [λ = np = 400*0.05 = 20]
So, P(X≥5) = 0.99998 (Get the value from Poisson table)

6) Let X – No of surf rescues per day


Given that X ~ Poisson (λ = 2) [Because as an average two surf rescues per day]

a) P (X>2) = P(X≥3)
P(X>2) = 0.32332 (Get the value from Poisson table)

2
b) For a 3 day period, λ = 2*3 = 6
Let Y - No of surf rescues for three days and Y ~ Poisson (λ = 6)
Then, P(Y=5) = P(Y≥5) – P(Y≥6)
P(Y=5) = 0.71494 – 0.55432 (Get the values from Poisson table)
P(Y=5) = 0.16062

7) Let X – The demand for a particular item per day


Given that X ~ Poisson (λ = 5) [Because as an average demand for the item is 5 per day]

a) P (X>5) = P(X≥6) = 0.38404 (Get the value from Poisson table)


b) P(X=0) = P(X≥0) – P(X≥1) = 1 – 0.99326 = 0.00674

8) Let X – No of traffic accidents per month at a certain intersection


Given that X ~ Poisson (λ = 3) [Because as an average 3 traffic accidents occur per month]

a) P(X=5) = P(X≥5) – P(X≥6) = 0.18474 – 0.08392 = 0.10082


b) P (X<3) = P(X≤2) = 1 – P(X≥3) = 1 – 0.57681 = 0.42319
c) P (X≥2) = 0.80085

9) Let X – No of defective gear boxes out of 140 cars


Then X ~ Bin(n = 140, p = 0.02)
Since n = 140 > 50 and p = 0.02 < 0.1, we can approximate X into a Poisson distribution [Or since np =
140*0.02 = 2.8 < 5, we can approximate X into a Poisson distribution].
Then, Y ~ Poisson (λ = np = 2.8) [λ = np = 140*0.02 = 2.8]

a) P(X=2) = P(X≥2) – P(X≥3) = 0.76892 – 0.53055 = 0.23837 (Get the values from Poisson table)
b) P(X>5) = P(X≥6) = 0.06511 (Get the value from Poisson table)
c) P (X<4) = P(X≤3) = 1 – P(X≥4) = 1 – 0.30806 = 0.69194

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