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14 - electric

electric (Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa)

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Example 13.22. A single phase, 7.46 kW motor is supplied from a 400-V, 50-Hz a.c. mains. If its efficiency
is 85% and power factor 0.8 lagging, calculate (a) the kVA input (b) the reactive compo nents of input
current and (c) kVAR. Solution. Efficiency = output in watts input in watts ∴ 0.85 = 7.46 1000 7,460 VI VI
cos 0.8 ∴ VI = 7460 10,970 voltamperes 0.85 0.8 = × (a) ∴ Input = 10,970/1000 = 10.97 kVA (b) Input
current I = voltamperes 10,970 27.43 A volts 400 = = Active component of current = I cos φ = 27.43 × 0.8
= 21.94 A Reactive component of current = I sin φ = 27.43 × 0.6 = 16.46 A (ä sin φ = 0.6) (Reactive
component = 2 2 27.43 21.94 16.46 A (c) kVAR = kVA sin φ = 10.97 × 0.6 = 6.58 (or kVAR = VI sin φ ×
10−3 = 400 × 16.46 × 10−3 = 6.58) Example 13.23. Draw the phasor diagram for each of the following
combinations : (i) R and L in series and combination in parallel with C. (ii) R, L and C in series with XC > XL
when ac voltage source is connected to it. [Nagpur University—Summer 2000] Solution. (i) Fig. 13.20 (a)
Circuit Fig. 13.20 (b) Phasor diagram Fig. 13.20 (c) Circuit Fig . 13.20 (d) Phasor diagram Example 13.24. A
voltage v (t) = 141.4 sin (314 t + 10°) is applied to a circuit and the steady current given by i(t) = 14.14 sin
(314 t − 20°) is found to flow through it. 520 Electrical Technology Determine (i) The p.f. of the circuit (ii)
The power delivered to the circuit (iii) Draw the phasor diagram. [Nagpur University Summer 2000]
Solution. v (t) = 141.4 sin (314 t + 10°) This expression indicates a sinusoidally varying alternating voltage
at a frequency ω = 314 rad/sec, f = 50 Hz V = RMS voltage (Peak voltage)/ 2 = 100 volts The expression
for the current gives the following data : I = RMS value = 14.14/ 2 10 amp = frequency = 50 Hz, naturally.
Phase shift between I and V = 30°, I lags behind V. (i) Power factor of the circuit = cos 30° = 0.866 lag (ii)
P = VI cos φ = 100 × 10 × 0.866 = 866 watts (iii) Phasor diagram as drawn below, in Fig. 13.21 (a).
Example 13.25. A coil of 0.8 p.f. is connected in series with 110 micro-farad capacitor. Supply frequency
is 50 Hz. The potential difference across the coil is found to be equal to that across the capacitor.
Calculate the resistance and the inductance of the coil. Calculate the net power factor. [Nagpur
University, November 1997] Solution. XC = 1/(3.14 × C) = 28.952 ohms ∴ Coil Impedance, Z = 28.952 Ω
Coil resistance = 28.952 × 0.8 = 23.162 Ω Coil reactance = 17.37 ohms Coil-inductance = 17.37/314 =
55.32 milli-henrys Total impedance, ZT = 23.16 + j 17.37 − j 28.952 = 23.162 − j 11.582 = 25.9 ohms Net
power-factor = 23.162/25.9 = 0.8943 leading Example 13.26. For the circuit shown in Fig. 13.21 (c), find
the values of R and C so that Vb = 3Va, and Vb and Va are in phase quadrature. Find also the phase
relationships between Vs and Vb, and Vb and I. [Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Summer
2001Example 13.22. A single phase, 7.46 kW motor is supplied from a 400-V, 50-Hz a.c. mains. If its
efficiency is 85% and power factor 0.8 lagging, calculate (a) the kVA input (b) the reactive compo nents
of input current and (c) kVAR. Solution. Efficiency = output in watts input in watts ∴ 0.85 = 7.46 1000
7,460 VI VI cos 0.8 ∴ VI = 7460 10,970 voltamperes 0.85 0.8 = × (a) ∴ Input = 10,970/1000 = 10.97 kVA
(b) Input current I = voltamperes 10,970 27.43 A volts 400 = = Active component of current = I cos φ =
27.43 × 0.8 = 21.94 A Reactive component of current = I sin φ = 27.43 × 0.6 = 16.46 A (ä sin φ = 0.6)
(Reactive component = 2 2 27.43 21.94 16.46 A (c) kVAR = kVA sin φ = 10.97 × 0.6 = 6.58 (or kVAR = VI
sin φ × 10−3 = 400 × 16.46 × 10−3 = 6.58) Example 13.23. Draw the phasor diagram for each of the
following combinations : (i) R and L in series and combination in parallel with C. (ii) R, L and C in series
with XC > XL when ac voltage source is connected to it. [Nagpur University—Summer 2000] Solution. (i)
Fig. 13.20 (a) Circuit Fig. 13.20 (b) Phasor diagram Fig. 13.20 (c) Circuit Fig . 13.20 (d) Phasor diagram
Example 13.24. A voltage v (t) = 141.4 sin (314 t + 10°) is applied to a circuit and the steady current given
by i(t) = 14.14 sin (314 t − 20°) is found to flow through it. 520 Electrical Technology Determine (i) The
p.f. of the circuit (ii) The power delivered to the circuit (iii) Draw the phasor diagram. [Nagpur University
Summer 2000] Solution. v (t) = 141.4 sin (314 t + 10°) This expression indicates a sinusoidally varying
alternating voltage at a frequency ω = 314 rad/sec, f = 50 Hz V = RMS voltage (Peak voltage)/ 2 = 100

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volts The expression for the current gives the following data : I = RMS value = 14.14/ 2 10 amp =
frequency = 50 Hz, naturally. Phase shift between I and V = 30°, I lags behind V. (i) Power factor of the
circuit = cos 30° = 0.866 lag (ii) P = VI cos φ = 100 × 10 × 0.866 = 866 watts (iii) Phasor diagram as drawn
below, in Fig. 13.21 (a). Example 13.25. A coil of 0.8 p.f. is connected in series with 110 micro-farad
capacitor. Supply frequency is 50 Hz. The potential difference across the coil is found to be equal to that
across the capacitor. Calculate the resistance and the inductance of the coil. Calculate the net power
factor. [Nagpur University, November 1997] Solution. XC = 1/(3.14 × C) = 28.952 ohms ∴ Coil Impedance,
Z = 28.952 Ω Coil resistance = 28.952 × 0.8 = 23.162 Ω Coil reactance = 17.37 ohms Coil-inductance =
17.37/314 = 55.32 milli-henrys Total impedance, ZT = 23.16 + j 17.37 − j 28.952 = 23.162 − j 11.582 =
25.9 ohms Net power-factor = 23.162/25.9 = 0.8943 leading Example 13.26. For the circuit shown in Fig.
13.21 (c), find the values of R and C so that Vb = 3Va, and Vb and Va are in phase quadrature. Find also
the phase relationships between Vs and Vb, and Vb and I. [Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal,
Summer 2001

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